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<title>Recetas Electorales</title>
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<item>
  <title>🌊 Gaussiano</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-16-gaussiano/2026-gaussiano.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“A Gaussian process is a distribution over functions.”</em><br>—Rasmussen &amp; Williams</p>
</blockquote>
<section id="introduciendo-el-gaussiano" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="introduciendo-el-gaussiano">Introduciendo el <strong>Gaussiano</strong>
</h2>
<p>La <strong>Cazuela</strong> estimó tendencias con una regresión: para cada candidato, un intercepto y una pendiente en el tiempo. Eso captura <em>dirección</em> pero no <em>forma</em>: si un candidato primero cae y luego repunta, o si el cambio se acelera en las últimas semanas, la línea recta lo pierde.</p>
<p>El <strong>Gaussiano</strong> reemplaza esa línea recta con un <strong>Gaussian Process</strong> (GP): una distribución sobre <em>funciones suaves</em> que aprende la forma de la tendencia directamente de los datos. Curvatura, aceleración, rebotes —todo queda capturado.</p>
<p>Pero la innovación más importante es otra: los GPs de los candidatos están <strong>correlacionados</strong>. Si Claudia López gana terreno, ¿a quién le quita votos? ¿A Paloma Valencia? ¿A Fajardo? El modelo estima una matriz de correlación entre las trayectorias de todos los candidatos, revelando la <em>dinámica competitiva</em> de la carrera.</p>
<p>La ventaja del GP es visible en la siguiente gráfica Figura&nbsp;1: las curvas ya no son líneas rectas. La región sombreada corresponde a la proyección hacia el futuro (sin efecto casa), donde la incertidumbre crece a medida que nos alejamos de los datos observados —comportamiento propio de un GP bien calibrado.</p>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/distinct.html">distinct</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html">arrange</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">etiquetas_hoy</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">max</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">ungroup</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">etiquetas_pred</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">datos_plot</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">max</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">ungroup</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">datos_plot</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span>, fill <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_ribbon.html">geom_ribbon</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>ymin <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">q025</span>, ymax <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">q975</span>, alpha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;">NA</span></span>
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_ribbon.html">geom_ribbon</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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<span>    nudge_x       <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">1</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;">"bold"</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_text.html">geom_label</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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<span>    nudge_x       <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"legend"</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/character.html">as.character</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">colores_leyenda</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_identity.html">scale_fill_identity</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-gaussiano-tendencia" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-gaussiano-tendencia-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-gaussiano_files/figure-html/fig-gaussiano-tendencia-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-1" title="Figura&nbsp;1: Tendencia GP por candidato: pasado y proyección a futuro"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-16-gaussiano/2026-gaussiano_files/figure-html/fig-gaussiano-tendencia-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-gaussiano-tendencia-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;1: Tendencia GP por candidato: pasado y proyección a futuro
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="evolución-acumulada" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="evolución-acumulada">Evolución acumulada</h2>
<p>La animación muestra cómo el GP actualiza las trayectorias a medida que se incorporan nuevas encuestas, con la proyección al 1° de junio.</p>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="../../../animate/gaussiano_junio1.gif" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-2" title="Gaussiano: evolución acumulada de trayectorias GP"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/animate/gaussiano_junio1.gif" class="img-fluid figure-img" alt="Gaussiano: evolución acumulada de trayectorias GP"></a></p>
<figcaption>Gaussiano: evolución acumulada de trayectorias GP</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</section><section id="valencia-vs.-de-la-espriella-proyecciones" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="valencia-vs.-de-la-espriella-proyecciones">Valencia vs.&nbsp;De la Espriella: Proyecciones</h2>
<p>Paloma Valencia y Abelardo de la Espriella compiten por el mismo electorado de derecha. El GP permite ver si sus trayectorias se cruzan —o si una de las dos consolida la ventaja de cara al 1° de junio.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span>es_futuro <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">&gt;</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">fecha_hoy</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">duo_etiquetas_hoy</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">==</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">max</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">ungroup</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">duo_etiquetas_pred</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">duo_plot</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">max</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">ungroup</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">duo_colores</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">duo_plot</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/distinct.html">distinct</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span>, fill <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_ribbon.html">geom_ribbon</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>ymin <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">q025</span>, ymax <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">q975</span>, alpha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">es_futuro</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_ribbon.html">geom_ribbon</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>ymin <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">q25</span>, ymax <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">q75</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    alpha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.35</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_path.html">geom_line</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.x</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">es_futuro</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>y <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">media</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, linewidth <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1.3</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    data        <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">duo_etiquetas_hoy</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">media</span>, label <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">scales</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://scales.r-lib.org/reference/percent_format.html">percent</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">media</span>, accuracy <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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<span>                 fill <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    nudge_x     <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">3</span>,</span>
<span>    hjust       <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,</span>
<span>    color       <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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<span>    fontface    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"bold"</span>,</span>
<span>    size        <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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<span>    show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_text.html">geom_label</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    data        <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">duo_etiquetas_pred</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">media</span>, label <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">scales</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">media</span>, accuracy <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">0.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                 fill <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    nudge_x     <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,</span>
<span>    hjust       <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,</span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span>,</span>
<span>    fontface    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"bold"</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggtext</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">max</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">duo_plot</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">Inf</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>      x <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">x</span>, y <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">y</span>,</span>
<span>      label <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sprintf.html">sprintf</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>        <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"&lt;b&gt;P(Paloma &gt; De la Espriella, 1° junio) = &lt;span style='color:#63B9E9'&gt;%.1f%%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;"</span>,</span>
<span>        <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prob_pv_gt_adle_gp</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span></span>
<span>      <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    inherit.aes  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span>,</span>
<span>    hjust        <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1.05</span>,</span>
<span>    vjust        <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1.5</span>,</span>
<span>    size         <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.5</span>,</span>
<span>    family       <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"news-cycle"</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#F8F9FA"</span>,</span>
<span>    color        <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#212529"</span>,</span>
<span>    label.color  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span>,</span>
<span>    label.padding <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grid/unit.html">unit</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.35</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.55</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.35</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.55</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"lines"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_identity.html">scale_color_identity</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    guide  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"legend"</span>,</span>
<span>    name   <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NULL</span>,</span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    date_labels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"%d %b"</span>,</span>
<span>    date_breaks <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2 weeks"</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/expansion.html">expansion</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/labs.html">labs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    title    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Valencia vs. De la Espriella: tendencia GP y proyección"</span>,</span>
<span>    subtitle <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Línea punteada = hoy ("</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha_hoy</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"). Zona discontinua = proyección sin efecto casa."</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    caption  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fuente: https://recetas-electorales.netlify.app/"</span>,</span>
<span>    x        <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NULL</span>,</span>
<span>    y        <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"% intención de voto"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggtheme.html">theme_minimal</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>base_size <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    text             <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_text</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>family <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"news-cycle"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    panel.grid.minor <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_blank</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    axis.text.x      <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_text</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>angle <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>, hjust <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, size <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    legend.position  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"bottom"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-gaussiano-vd-adle" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-gaussiano-vd-adle-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-gaussiano_files/figure-html/fig-gaussiano-vd-adle-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-3" title="Figura&nbsp;2: Trayectoria GP y proyección: Paloma Valencia y Abelardo de la Espriella"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-16-gaussiano/2026-gaussiano_files/figure-html/fig-gaussiano-vd-adle-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-gaussiano-vd-adle-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;2: Trayectoria GP y proyección: Paloma Valencia y Abelardo de la Espriella
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://wilkelab.org/ggtext/">ggtext</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">draws_duo</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tibble.html">tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  p_pv   <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">draws_all</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"p_pred["</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">J_pred</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">","</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">k_pv</span>,   <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"]"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>  p_adle <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">draws_all</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"p_pred["</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">J_pred</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">","</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">k_adle</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"]"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    cols      <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p_pv</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p_adle</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    names_to  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>,</span>
<span>    values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"prop"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
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<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>      x <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">x</span>, y <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">y</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>        <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">prob_pv_gt_adle_gp</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span>,</span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">0.4</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/labs.html">labs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_blank</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    legend.position  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"top"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-gaussiano-paloma-vs-adle" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-gaussiano-paloma-vs-adle-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-gaussiano_files/figure-html/fig-gaussiano-paloma-vs-adle-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-4" title="Figura&nbsp;3: Distribuciones posteriores de Paloma Valencia y De la Espriella al 1° de junio (Gaussiano)"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-16-gaussiano/2026-gaussiano_files/figure-html/fig-gaussiano-paloma-vs-adle-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-gaussiano-paloma-vs-adle-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;3: Distribuciones posteriores de Paloma Valencia y De la Espriella al 1° de junio (Gaussiano)
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="diagnósticos" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="diagnósticos">Diagnósticos</h2>
<p>Escala de longitud del GP (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Crho">) y parámetros de concentración:</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/">bayesplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">draws_diag</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">draws_all</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.chain</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.iteration</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.draw</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rho</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kappa</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">posterior</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/reference/draws_array.html">as_draws_array</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">bayesplot</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/reference/MCMC-traces.html">mcmc_trace</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">draws_diag</span>, regex_pars <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"^rho$|^kappa$"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2026-gaussiano_files/figure-html/diagnosticos-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-5"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-16-gaussiano/2026-gaussiano_files/figure-html/diagnosticos-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="receta-gaussiano" class="level2"><h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="receta-gaussiano">Receta <strong>Gaussiano</strong>
</h2>
<p>El <strong>Gaussiano</strong> reemplaza la regresion de <strong>Ajiaco2</strong> y <strong>Cazuela</strong> con un <strong>Gaussian Process multivariado correlacionado</strong>, que es simultáneamente:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<strong>Suavizante</strong>: la tendencia de cada candidato puede tener cualquier forma suave —no solo una línea recta.</li>
<li>
<strong>Predictivo</strong>: la estructura GP permite extrapolar con incertidumbre creciente hacia el futuro.</li>
<li>
<strong>Correlacionado</strong>: la covarianza entre los GPs de diferentes candidatos captura la dinámica competitiva de la carrera.</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%0A%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BGP%20multivariado%20(coregionalizaci%C3%B3n%20lineal):%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;f_k(t)%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathcal%7BGP%7D(0,%5C;%20%5Calpha_k%5E2%5C,%20k_%5Crho(t,%20t')),%20%5Cquad%20k=1,%5Cdots,K-1,%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cmathrm%7BCov%7D(f_k(t),%5C,%20f_l(t'))%20=%20%5Calpha_k%5C,%5Calpha_l%5C;%5COmega_%7BGP%7D%5Bk,l%5D%5C;k_%5Crho(t,t'),%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BKernel%20Squared-Exponential:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;k_%5Crho(t,t')%20=%20%5Cexp%5C!%5Cleft(-%5Cfrac%7B(t-t')%5E2%7D%7B2%5Crho%5E2%7D%5Cright).%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BPredictor%20lineal:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Ceta_%7Bjk%7D%20=%20%5Cmu_k%20+%20f_k(t_j)%20+%20%5Cdelta_%7Bk,h_j%7D,%20%5Cquad%20k=1,%5Cdots,K-1,%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Ceta_%7BjK%7D%20=%200%20%5Cquad%20%5Ctext%7B(referencia)%7D.%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BParametrizaci%C3%B3n%20no-centrada%20del%20GP:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;f_k%20=%20%5Calpha_k%5C,%5Cbigl(L_%7B%5COmega_%7BGP%7D%7D%5C,%5Cmathbf%7Bz%7D_%7BGP%7D%5Cbigr)_k%20%5Ccdot%20L_t%5E%7B%5Ctop%7D,%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cmathbf%7Bz%7D_%7BGP%7D%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BNormal%7D_%7B(K-1)%5Ctimes%20J%7D(0,%20I),%20%5Cquad%20L_t%20=%20%5Cmathrm%7Bchol%7D(K_t).%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BEfectos%20de%20casa%20(multinivel):%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Cdelta%7D_h%20=%20%5Cmathrm%7Bdiag%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Csigma%7D_%5Cdelta)%5C,L_%7B%5COmega_%5Cdelta%7D%5C,%5Cmathbf%7Bz%7D_h,%20%5Cquad%20%5Cmathbf%7Bz%7D_h%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BNormal%7D_%7BK-1%7D(%5Cmathbf%7B0%7D,%20I).%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BPriors:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cmu_k%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BNormal%7D(0,%202),%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Crho%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BNormal%7D%5E+(0.5,%5C;0.3),%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Calpha_%7BGP,k%7D%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BNormal%7D%5E+(0,%201),%5C%5C%0A&amp;L_%7B%5COmega_%7BGP%7D%7D,%5C;L_%7B%5COmega_%5Cdelta%7D%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BLKJ%5C_cholesky%7D(2),%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Csigma_%7B%5Cdelta,k%7D%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BNormal%7D%5E+(0,%201),%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Ckappa%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BLogNormal%7D(%5Clog%20200,%200.7).%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BLikelihood:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cmathbf%7BY%7D_j%20%5Cmid%20%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D_j,%20%5Ckappa%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BDirichlet%5Ctext%7B-%7DMultinomial%7D(n_j,%5C;%5Ckappa%5C,%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D_j).%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D%0A"></p>
<p>El GP multivariado se implementa via el <strong>Linear Model of Coregionalization (LMC)</strong>: la covarianza total es el producto de Kronecker entre la covarianza temporal (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?K_t">) y la covarianza entre candidatos (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmathrm%7Bdiag%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Calpha%7D)%5C,%5COmega_%7BGP%7D%5C,%5Cmathrm%7Bdiag%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Calpha%7D)">). Esto hace al modelo separable, permitiendo la parametrización no-centrada eficiente y el cómputo de la media posterior en la grilla de predicción vía <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Chat%7Bf%7D_%7B%5Ctext%7Bpred%7D%7D%20=%20K(t_*,%20t)%5C,K_t%5E%7B-1%7D%5C,f_%7B%5Ctext%7Bobs%7D%7D">.</p>
</section><section id="modelo" class="level2"><h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="modelo">Modelo</h2>
<div class="tabset-margin-container"></div><div class="panel-tabset">
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" id="tabset-1-1-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-1" aria-controls="tabset-1-1" aria-selected="true" href="">Stan</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="tabset-1-2-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-2" aria-controls="tabset-1-2" aria-selected="false" href="">brms</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="tab-content">
<div id="tabset-1-1" class="tab-pane active" aria-labelledby="tabset-1-1-tab">
<div class="cell" data-output.var="gaussiano">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="sourceCode stan code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode stan"><span id="cb5-1"><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// gaussiano.stan</span></span>
<span id="cb5-2"><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Dirichlet-Multinomial con Gaussian Process multivariado correlacionado</span></span>
<span id="cb5-3"><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Extiende la Cazuela: reemplaza la tendencia lineal con un GP suavizante</span></span>
<span id="cb5-4"><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// cuya covarianza entre candidatos es estimada vía prior LKJ.</span></span>
<span id="cb5-5"><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">//</span></span>
<span id="cb5-6"><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Modelo de coregionalización lineal (LMC):</span></span>
<span id="cb5-7"><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">//   f[k, j] = alpha_k * (L_Omega_gp * z_gp)[k, :] @ L_t'</span></span>
<span id="cb5-8"><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">//   Cov(f_k(t), f_l(t')) = alpha_k * alpha_l * Omega_gp[k,l] * K_t(t, t')</span></span>
<span id="cb5-9"></span>
<span id="cb5-10"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">functions</span> {</span>
<span id="cb5-11">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Kernel cruzado K(x_pred, x_obs; rho), amplitud unitaria</span></span>
<span id="cb5-12">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span> kernel_cross(<span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> x_pred, <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> x_obs, <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> rho) {</span>
<span id="cb5-13">    <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span> n1 = size(x_pred);</span>
<span id="cb5-14">    <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span> n2 = size(x_obs);</span>
<span id="cb5-15">    <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[n1, n2] K;</span>
<span id="cb5-16">    <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (i <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:n1)</span>
<span id="cb5-17">      <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:n2)</span>
<span id="cb5-18">        K[i, j] = exp(-<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span> * square((x_pred[i] - x_obs[j]) / rho));</span>
<span id="cb5-19">    <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">return</span> K;</span>
<span id="cb5-20">  }</span>
<span id="cb5-21">}</span>
<span id="cb5-22"></span>
<span id="cb5-23"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">data</span> {</span>
<span id="cb5-24">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>&gt; J;                           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// encuestas observadas</span></span>
<span id="cb5-25">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>&gt; K;                           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// candidatos (K-1 libres + referencia)</span></span>
<span id="cb5-26">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>&gt; H;                           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// encuestadoras</span></span>
<span id="cb5-27">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; n;                  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// tamaños muestrales</span></span>
<span id="cb5-28">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J, K] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; Y;              <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// conteos Y[j, k]</span></span>
<span id="cb5-29">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> t_obs;                      <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// tiempos observados (escalados)</span></span>
<span id="cb5-30">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">upper</span>=H&gt; house;     <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// índice de encuestadora</span></span>
<span id="cb5-31"></span>
<span id="cb5-32">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Grilla de predicción (pasado + futuro)</span></span>
<span id="cb5-33">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>&gt; J_pred;</span>
<span id="cb5-34">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J_pred] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> t_pred;</span>
<span id="cb5-35">}</span>
<span id="cb5-36"></span>
<span id="cb5-37"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">parameters</span> {</span>
<span id="cb5-38">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] mu;                          <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// interceptos base (log-ratio vs ref)</span></span>
<span id="cb5-39">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; rho;                         <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// escala de longitud del GP (shared)</span></span>
<span id="cb5-40">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt;[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] alpha_gp;          <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// amplitud GP por candidato</span></span>
<span id="cb5-41">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cholesky_factor_corr</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] L_Omega_gp;   <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// correlación entre GPs de candidatos</span></span>
<span id="cb5-42">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, J] z_gp;                    <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// pesos GP (parametrización no-centrada)</span></span>
<span id="cb5-43"></span>
<span id="cb5-44">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Efectos de casa multinivel (heredados de la Cazuela)</span></span>
<span id="cb5-45">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, H] z_delta;</span>
<span id="cb5-46">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt;[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] sigma_delta;</span>
<span id="cb5-47">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cholesky_factor_corr</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] L_Omega_delta;</span>
<span id="cb5-48"></span>
<span id="cb5-49">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; kappa;                       <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// concentración DM</span></span>
<span id="cb5-50">}</span>
<span id="cb5-51"></span>
<span id="cb5-52"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">transformed parameters</span> {</span>
<span id="cb5-53">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Kernel GP sobre tiempos observados (amplitud unitaria; escala por alpha_gp)</span></span>
<span id="cb5-54">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[J, J] K_t = gp_exp_quad_cov(t_obs, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1.0</span>, rho);</span>
<span id="cb5-55">  <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:J) K_t[j, j] += <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1e-9</span>;       <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// jitter numérico</span></span>
<span id="cb5-56">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[J, J] L_t = cholesky_decompose(K_t);</span>
<span id="cb5-57"></span>
<span id="cb5-58">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// GPs correlacionados: f = diag(alpha) * L_Omega * z_gp * L_t'</span></span>
<span id="cb5-59">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, J] f_gp;</span>
<span id="cb5-60">  {</span>
<span id="cb5-61">    <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, J] z_corr = diag_pre_multiply(alpha_gp, L_Omega_gp * z_gp);</span>
<span id="cb5-62">    f_gp = z_corr * L_t';</span>
<span id="cb5-63">  }</span>
<span id="cb5-64"></span>
<span id="cb5-65">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Efectos de casa (non-centered)</span></span>
<span id="cb5-66">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, H] delta = diag_pre_multiply(sigma_delta, L_Omega_delta) * z_delta;</span>
<span id="cb5-67"></span>
<span id="cb5-68">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Predictor lineal (log-ratio)</span></span>
<span id="cb5-69">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[J, K] eta;</span>
<span id="cb5-70">  <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:J) {</span>
<span id="cb5-71">    <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (k <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:(K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>))</span>
<span id="cb5-72">      eta[j, k] = mu[k] + f_gp[k, j] + delta[k, house[j]];</span>
<span id="cb5-73">    eta[j, K] = <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>;                          <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// candidato de referencia</span></span>
<span id="cb5-74">  }</span>
<span id="cb5-75"></span>
<span id="cb5-76">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Simplex via softmax</span></span>
<span id="cb5-77">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">simplex</span>[K] p;</span>
<span id="cb5-78">  <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:J) p[j] = softmax(eta[j]');</span>
<span id="cb5-79">}</span>
<span id="cb5-80"></span>
<span id="cb5-81"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">model</span> {</span>
<span id="cb5-82">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Priors GP</span></span>
<span id="cb5-83">  mu ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>);</span>
<span id="cb5-84">  rho ~ normal(<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.3</span>);                   <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// escala de longitud en tiempo escalado</span></span>
<span id="cb5-85">  alpha_gp ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>);</span>
<span id="cb5-86">  L_Omega_gp ~ lkj_corr_cholesky(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>);</span>
<span id="cb5-87">  to_vector(z_gp) ~ std_normal();</span>
<span id="cb5-88"></span>
<span id="cb5-89">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Priors efectos de casa</span></span>
<span id="cb5-90">  sigma_delta ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>);</span>
<span id="cb5-91">  L_Omega_delta ~ lkj_corr_cholesky(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>);</span>
<span id="cb5-92">  to_vector(z_delta) ~ std_normal();</span>
<span id="cb5-93"></span>
<span id="cb5-94">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Prior concentración</span></span>
<span id="cb5-95">  kappa ~ lognormal(log(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">200</span>), <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.7</span>);</span>
<span id="cb5-96"></span>
<span id="cb5-97">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Likelihood Dirichlet-Multinomial</span></span>
<span id="cb5-98">  <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:J)</span>
<span id="cb5-99">    Y[j] ~ dirichlet_multinomial(kappa * to_vector(p[j]));</span>
<span id="cb5-100">}</span>
<span id="cb5-101"></span>
<span id="cb5-102"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">generated quantities</span> {</span>
<span id="cb5-103">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Matrices de correlación</span></span>
<span id="cb5-104">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">corr_matrix</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] Omega_gp = multiply_lower_tri_self_transpose(L_Omega_gp);</span>
<span id="cb5-105">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">corr_matrix</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] Omega_delta = multiply_lower_tri_self_transpose(L_Omega_delta);</span>
<span id="cb5-106"></span>
<span id="cb5-107">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Media posterior del GP en la grilla de predicción</span></span>
<span id="cb5-108">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// f_pred[j2, k] = K(t_pred, t_obs) * K_t^{-1} * f_gp[k, :]'</span></span>
<span id="cb5-109">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[J_pred, K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] f_gp_pred;</span>
<span id="cb5-110">  {</span>
<span id="cb5-111">    <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[J_pred, J] K_star = kernel_cross(t_pred, t_obs, rho);</span>
<span id="cb5-112">    <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (k <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:(K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>)) {</span>
<span id="cb5-113">      <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[J] f_k = f_gp[k]';</span>
<span id="cb5-114">      f_gp_pred[, k] = K_star * mdivide_left_spd(K_t, f_k);</span>
<span id="cb5-115">    }</span>
<span id="cb5-116">  }</span>
<span id="cb5-117"></span>
<span id="cb5-118">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Proporciones predichas (sin efecto casa — tendencia "pura")</span></span>
<span id="cb5-119">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J_pred] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">simplex</span>[K] p_pred;</span>
<span id="cb5-120">  <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j2 <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:J_pred) {</span>
<span id="cb5-121">    <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[K] eta_pred;</span>
<span id="cb5-122">    <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (k <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:(K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>))</span>
<span id="cb5-123">      eta_pred[k] = mu[k] + f_gp_pred[j2, k];</span>
<span id="cb5-124">    eta_pred[K] = <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>;</span>
<span id="cb5-125">    p_pred[j2] = softmax(eta_pred);</span>
<span id="cb5-126">  }</span>
<span id="cb5-127"></span>
<span id="cb5-128">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Posterior predictive check</span></span>
<span id="cb5-129">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J, K] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span> Y_rep;</span>
<span id="cb5-130">  <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:J)</span>
<span id="cb5-131">    Y_rep[j] = dirichlet_multinomial_rng(kappa * to_vector(p[j]), n[j]);</span>
<span id="cb5-132">}</span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
</div>
<div id="tabset-1-2" class="tab-pane" aria-labelledby="tabset-1-2-tab">
<p><code>brms</code> puede expresar el mismo modelo con una fórmula de alto nivel. Las <strong>diferencias</strong> respecto al modelo Stan son:</p>
<table class="caption-top table">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 33%">
<col style="width: 33%">
<col style="width: 33%">
</colgroup>
<thead><tr class="header">
<th>Aspecto</th>
<th>Stan</th>
<th>brms</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Likelihood</td>
<td>Dirichlet-Multinomial (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Ckappa">)</td>
<td>Multinomial (sin sobredispersión)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>GPs entre candidatos</td>
<td>LMC: <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Crho"> compartido, <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5COmega_%7BGP%7D"> correlacionado</td>
<td>GP independiente por categoría</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Efecto casa</td>
<td>LKJ cruzado (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5COmega_%5Cdelta">)</td>
<td>Independiente por categoría</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb6" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://github.com/paul-buerkner/brms">brms</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Un fila por encuesta, con conteos y tiempo escalado como columnas</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">datos_brm</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/bind_cols.html">bind_cols</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_meta</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/as_tibble.html">as_tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">conteos_2026</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tibble.html">tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>time_scaled <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">time_scaled</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># GP suavizante por categoría + efecto de encuestadora</span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># brms genera un GP separado (lscale, sdgp propios) para cada log-ratio</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">form_brm</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">brms</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://paulbuerkner.com/brms/reference/brmsformula.html">bf</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/cbind.html">cbind</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cand_ic</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cand_adle</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cand_pv</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cand_sf</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cand_cl</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cand_ruido</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">trials</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://paulbuerkner.com/brms/reference/gp.html">gp</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">time_scaled</span>, scale <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Priors aproximando los del modelo Stan</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">priors_brm</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">brms</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://paulbuerkner.com/brms/reference/set_prior.html">prior</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">normal</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,     class <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">Intercept</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">brms</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://paulbuerkner.com/brms/reference/set_prior.html">prior</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">normal</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, class <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lscale</span>,   lb <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">brms</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://paulbuerkner.com/brms/reference/set_prior.html">prior</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">normal</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,     class <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sdgp</span>,      lb <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">brms</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://paulbuerkner.com/brms/reference/set_prior.html">prior</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">normal</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,     class <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sd</span>,        lb <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp_brms_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">brms</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://paulbuerkner.com/brms/reference/brm.html">brm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">form_brm</span>,</span>
<span>  data    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">datos_brm</span>,</span>
<span>  family  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">brms</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://paulbuerkner.com/brms/reference/brmsfamily.html">multinomial</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>refcat <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_ruido"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  prior   <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">priors_brm</span>,</span>
<span>  seed    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">42</span>,</span>
<span>  chains  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  cores   <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  iter    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5000</span>,</span>
<span>  warmup  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1000</span>,</span>
<span>  control <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>adapt_delta <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.95</span>, max_treedepth <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  backend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cmdstanr"</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Tendencia pura (sin efecto casa) en la grilla de predicción</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">newdata_brm</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tibble.html">tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  time_scaled  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">time_pred_scaled</span>,</span>
<span>  encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span>, levels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/levels.html">levels</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_meta</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  muestra      <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1000L</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pred_brm</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">brms</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/rstantools/reference/posterior_epred.html">posterior_epred</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp_brms_fit</span>,</span>
<span>  newdata          <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">newdata_brm</span>,</span>
<span>  allow_new_levels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>,</span>
<span>  re_formula       <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span>   <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># marginaliza sobre el efecto casa</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="comparación-de-modelos" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="comparación-de-modelos">Comparación de modelos</h2>
<table class="caption-top table">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 25%">
<col style="width: 25%">
<col style="width: 25%">
<col style="width: 25%">
</colgroup>
<thead><tr class="header">
<th></th>
<th><strong>Ajiaco2</strong></th>
<th><strong>Cazuela</strong></th>
<th><strong>Gaussiano</strong></th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Tendencia temporal</td>
<td>No (pooled)</td>
<td>Lineal (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cbeta_%7B1k%7D%5C,t">)</td>
<td>GP no-paramétrico <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?f_k(t)">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Forma de la tendencia</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Línea recta</td>
<td>Cualquier función suave</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Correlación entre candidatos</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No (en tendencias)</td>
<td>Sí — <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5COmega_%7BGP%7D">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Proyección a futuro</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Extrapolación lineal</td>
<td>GP predictivo con incertidumbre</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Efecto casa</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Sí, LKJ</td>
<td>Sí, LKJ (igual)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Parámetros adicionales</td>
<td>—</td>
<td><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cbeta_%7B0k%7D,%5C;%20%5Cbeta_%7B1k%7D,%5C;%20L_%7B%5COmega_%5Cdelta%7D,%5C;%20%5Csigma_%5Cdelta"></td>
<td><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Crho,%5C;%20%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Calpha%7D_%7BGP%7D,%5C;%20L_%7B%5COmega_%7BGP%7D%7D,%5C;%20%5Cmathbf%7Bz%7D_%7BGP%7D"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Interpretabilidad</td>
<td>Muy alta (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?p"> = preferencias)</td>
<td>Alta (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cbeta_%7B1k%7D"> = tendencia/día)</td>
<td>Media (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Crho"> = suavidad)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2026,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🌊 Gaussiano},
  date = {2026-05-16},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-16-gaussiano/2026-gaussiano.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2026" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2026. <span>“🌊 Gaussiano.”</span> May 16. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-16-gaussiano/2026-gaussiano.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-16-gaussiano/2026-gaussiano.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>gaussian process</category>
  <category>cmdstanr</category>
  <category>lkj</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-16-gaussiano/2026-gaussiano.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2026 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-16-gaussiano/math-lady.jpg" medium="image" type="image/jpeg"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🥇 Recetario 2026</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-03-concurso/2026-concurso-1era.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“How can we find more beauty in process, not outcomes?”</em><br> C. Thi Nguyen</p>
</blockquote>
<section id="segunda-edición-premios-más-grandes-y-nuevas-reglas" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="segunda-edición-premios-más-grandes-y-nuevas-reglas">Segunda edición: Premios más grandes y nuevas reglas</h2>
<p>En 2022, el concurso de <strong>Recetas Electorales</strong> reunió pronósticos de medios, politólogos y analistas. <a href="../../../elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-18-concurso/2022-concurso.html">La Silla Vacía ganó la primera vuelta y @PoliticaConDato la segunda</a> —ambos con recetas transparentes y reproducibles. Todos fallamos en el pronóstico, pero fue un ejercicio divertido y constructivo.</p>
<p>Desde ese entonces, La Silla Vacía pasó de un semáforo a un <a href="https://www.lasillavacia.com/silla-nacional/ponderador-de-encuestas-presidenciales-2026/">ponderador</a> mucho mejor cocinado.</p>
<p>Para 2026, el concurso vuelve con tres grandes cambios:</p>
<ul>
<li>🏆 <strong>Premio al mejor pronóstico:</strong> $1.000.000 COP para el mejor pronóstico de la primera vuelta.</li>
<li>🏆 <strong>Premio a la transparencia:</strong> $200.000 COP para la receta más transparente y reproducible.</li>
<li>🤖 <strong>Declaración de uso de IA obligatoria:</strong> los LLMs cambian qué significa “modelo propio”. Si se usan, hay que decirlo explícitamente.</li>
<li>⏱️ <strong>Tiempos más estrictos:</strong> Cierre con hora exacta, acuse de recibo requerido, sin enmiendas.</li>
</ul>
<p>Lo que no cambia: No se aceptan salsas secretas. Cada receta debe ser abierta, reproducible y evaluable.</p>
<p>Las mejores recetas se llevan un premio no por el resultado sino por el proceso.</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-tip no-icon callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon no-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Tip</span><strong>Premios:</strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>🥇 Mejor pronóstico 1<sup>era</sup> vuelta: <strong>$1.000.000 COP</strong>.</p>
<p>🔬 Receta más transparente y reproducible: <strong>$200.000 COP</strong></p>
</div>
</div>
<hr></section><section id="qué-tengo-que-hacer-para-participar" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="qué-tengo-que-hacer-para-participar">¿Qué tengo que hacer para participar?</h2>
<p>Para participar hay que enviar una receta a <a href="mailto:recetas.electorales@gmail.com">recetas.electorales@gmail.com</a> con los cuatro componentes descritos abajo. Solo se acepta un pronóstico por cada participante.</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-important callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Importante</span>Fechas límite — sin excepciones
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<ul>
<li>
<strong>1<sup>era</sup> vuelta:</strong> antes del <strong>24 de mayo de 2026 a las 23:59 hora Colombia (UTC-5)</strong>
</li>
</ul>
<p>La receta solo cuenta cuando el cocinero recibe un <strong>correo de confirmación</strong> de <a href="mailto:recetas.electorales@gmail.com">recetas.electorales@gmail.com</a>. Sin confirmación, no hay participación.</p>
<p>Recetas recibidas después de cada cierre son <u>descalificadas</u> del concurso. Pueden publicarse como referencia, pero no se puntúan ni compiten por el premio. No se aceptan enmiendas tras el cierre: la receta enviada es la que se evalúa.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>Como las recetas electorales, cada plato debe tener cuatro componentes mínimos:</p>
<section id="cocinero-y-nombre-de-la-receta" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="cocinero-y-nombre-de-la-receta">1. 👨‍🍳 Cocinero y nombre de la receta</h3>
<p>Identidad de quien preparó el plato — puede ser personal o institucional — un nombre para la receta, y autorización expresa para publicar en <strong>Recetas Electorales</strong> los ingredientes, la cocina y el plato.</p>
<p>Se debe incluir nombre o seudónimo del cocinero.</p>
</section><section id="ingredientes-datos" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ingredientes-datos">2. 🍚 Ingredientes — Datos</h3>
<p>Todos los datos que usa el modelo deben estar referenciados y ser públicamente disponibles antes del cierre del concurso. Lo mejor es que el modelo tenga un repositorio público en GitHub con todos los datos que utiliza. No hay restricciones sobre los datos que se utilicen, siempre y cuando sean verificables y estén disponibles al momento del envío.</p>
</section><section id="cocina-cálculos-y-modelos" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="cocina-cálculos-y-modelos">3. 🍳 Cocina — Cálculos y Modelos</h3>
<p>Cualquier cálculo o modelo estadístico debe incluir el código para estimarlo, evaluarlo y calcular los pronósticos que resulten. El código debe estar en un repositorio público (GitHub, GitLab, etc.) <strong>antes del cierre</strong>, con el commit correspondiente al pronóstico enviado como prueba de entrega previa a la elección.</p>
<p>Todas las técnicas son bienvenidas — desde promedios simples hasta modelos jerárquicos bayesianos — siempre y cuando sean reproducibles. El código puede estar en múltiples lenguajes de programación (R, Python, Julia, Stan, etc.).</p>
<p>Las recetas que incluyan datos y código reproducible serán publicadas en el <a href="https://github.com/RecetasElectorales">repositorio de GitHub de Recetas Electorales</a> con crédito al cocinero, para que queden disponibles como referencia abierta.</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-warning callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Advertencia</span>Declaración de uso de inteligencia artificial
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>El uso de herramientas de IA (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Copilot, etc.) está <strong>permitido y bienvenido</strong>, pero debe declararse explícitamente. Cada receta debe indicar:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<strong>Qué herramienta(s) de IA se usaron</strong>: Nombre y versión si está disponible</li>
<li>
<strong>En qué rol:</strong> asistencia en código, análisis de datos, interpretación de resultados, o como motor principal del pronóstico</li>
<li>Si el pronóstico fue generado <strong>directamente por un LLM</strong> (por ejemplo, preguntándole a un modelo su estimación), esto debe declararse como la metodología principal</li>
</ol>
<p>Sin esta declaración, la receta puede ser descalificada.</p>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="plato-resultados" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="plato-resultados">4. 🍲 Plato — Resultados</h3>
<p>Cada modelo debe resultar en un pronóstico numérico de la <strong>proporción de votos válidos</strong> que cada candidato obtendrá. Se deben incluir todos los <strong>candidatos requeridos</strong> — aquellos con promedio de intención de voto ≥1% en el repositorio de encuestas al cierre, más el voto en blanco. La lista oficial se publicará con el correo de confirmación.</p>
<p>Los <strong>intervalos de incertidumbre</strong> son opcionales pero bienvenidos. No afectan el puntaje final.</p>
<p>La proporción de votos válidos se calcula así:</p>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%0A%5Ctext%7BProporci%C3%B3n%7D_i%20=%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Ctext%7BVotos%7D_i%7D%7B%5Ctext%7BVotos%20totales%7D%20-%20%5Ctext%7BVotos%20nulos%7D%7D%0A"></p>
<hr></section></section><section id="el-ganador" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="el-ganador">El ganador</h2>
<p>La receta ganadora se determina por el <strong>error cuadrático medio (ECM)</strong> calculado sobre los candidatos requeridos. A diferencia del error absoluto medio (MAE), el ECM penaliza los errores grandes de forma cuadrática: Equivocarse en 4 puntos es 16 veces peor que equivocarse en 1. Esto evita el problema de 2022, donde errores menores acumulados en candidatos irrelevantes podían superar un gran error en el candidato principal.</p>
<p><strong>Gana quien tenga el menor puntaje.</strong></p>
<section id="candidatos-requeridos" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="candidatos-requeridos">Candidatos requeridos</h3>
<p>Solo se evalúan los candidatos en la lista oficial publicada al cierre —aquellos con promedio de intención de voto ≥1% en el repositorio de encuestas. El voto en blanco es opcional y no afecta el resultado. Los candidatos fuera de esa lista no afectan el puntaje.</p>
<p>Para la primera vuelta los candidatos a evaluar son:</p>
<ul>
<li>Iván Cepeda</li>
<li>Abelardo de la Espriella</li>
<li>Paloma Valencia</li>
<li>Sergio Fajardo</li>
<li>Claudia López</li>
</ul></section><section id="cálculo-del-error-cuadrático-medio-ecm" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="cálculo-del-error-cuadrático-medio-ecm">Cálculo del Error Cuadrático Medio (ECM)</h3>
<p>Para <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?N"> candidatos requeridos, con pronóstico puntual <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Chat%7By%7D_i"> y resultado observado <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?y_i"> (en puntos porcentuales de votos válidos):</p>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%0A%5Ctext%7BPuntaje%7D%20=%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7BN%7D%5Csum_%7Bi=1%7D%5E%7BN%7D(y_i%20-%20%5Chat%7By%7D_i)%5E2%0A"></p>
</section><section id="penalización-por-pronóstico-incompleto" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="penalización-por-pronóstico-incompleto">Penalización por pronóstico incompleto</h3>
<p>Si una receta omite el pronóstico para algún candidato requerido, ese candidato recibe una penalización igual al <strong>doble del peor error cuadrático individual</strong> observado entre todos los participantes para ese candidato. Omitir candidatos nunca puede mejorar el puntaje.</p>
</section><section id="línea-de-base-benchmark" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="línea-de-base-benchmark">Línea de base (<em>benchmark</em>)</h3>
<p>Se publicará el ECM del promedio simple de encuestas disponibles al cierre y la última estimación del Ajiaco2 —serán líneas de base contra la que se comparan todas las recetas.</p>
</section><section id="regla-de-desempate" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="regla-de-desempate">Regla de desempate</h3>
<p>En caso de empate en el puntaje, el premio se reparte en iguales partes entre los ganadores.</p>
</section><section id="evaluación-secundaria-publicada-no-puntúa" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="evaluación-secundaria-publicada-no-puntúa">Evaluación secundaria (publicada, no puntúa)</h3>
<p>Después de la primeva vuelta, se publicará para cada receta:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>Error absoluto medio (MAE):</strong> Para comparar con la edición de 2022</li>
<li>
<strong>Sesgo promedio:</strong> Dirección y magnitud del error sistemático por candidato</li>
<li>
<strong>Cobertura empírica:</strong> Para recetas que incluyan intervalos, proporción de candidatos cuyo resultado cayó dentro del intervalo declarado</li>
</ul>
<hr></section></section><section id="ejemplo-un-promedio-simple-de-las-encuestas-disponibles" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ejemplo-un-promedio-simple-de-las-encuestas-disponibles">Ejemplo: Un promedio simple de las encuestas disponibles</h2>
<section id="ingredientes-datos-1" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ingredientes-datos-1">Ingredientes — Datos</h3>
<p>Esta receta usa el repositorio de datos de <strong>Recetas Electorales</strong>, así que este paso es solo una línea.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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<span></span>
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font-style: inherit;"># Datos de encuestas 2026</span></span>
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</details>
</div>
</section><section id="cocina-y-plato" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="cocina-y-plato">Cocina y Plato</h3>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidatos_2026</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,          <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_ic"</span>,           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Iván Cepeda"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_adle"</span>,         <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Abelardo de la Espriella"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_sf"</span>,           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_pv"</span>,           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Paloma Valencia"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_cl"</span>,           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Claudia López"</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ejemplo_datos</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/match.html">%in%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_ic"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_adle"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_pv"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_cl"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_sf"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/ymd.html">ymd</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2026-03-13"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidatos_2026</span>, by <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>pronostico <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>, na.rm <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, .groups <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"drop"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html">arrange</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/desc.html">desc</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    pronostico <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">scales</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://scales.r-lib.org/reference/label_percent.html">label_percent</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>accuracy <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.1</span>, scale <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    intervalo <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ND"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">knitr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/knitr/man/kable.html">kable</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"html"</span>,</span>
<span>    caption <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Pronóstico: % votos por candidato (promedio simple de encuestas)"</span>,</span>
<span>    col.names <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Candidato"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Pronóstico"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Intervalo"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/kable_styling.html">kable_styling</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>full_width <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/row_spec.html">row_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, bold <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#FF4900"</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/footnote.html">footnote</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    number <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Cocinero: Recetas Electorales"</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fecha pronóstico: 2026-05-02"</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Herramienta IA usada: Ninguna"</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Social: @recetaelectoral"</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<table class="table caption-top table-sm table-striped small">
<caption>Pronóstico: % votos por candidato (promedio simple de encuestas)</caption>
<thead><tr class="header">
<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th" style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold; color: white !important; background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">Candidato</th>
<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th" style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold; color: white !important; background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">Pronóstico</th>
<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th" style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold; color: white !important; background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">Intervalo</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">Iván Cepeda</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">37.4%</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;">Abelardo de la Espriella</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">23.2%</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">Paloma Valencia</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">19.4%</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;">Sergio Fajardo</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">3.7%</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">Claudia López</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">2.6%</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left; padding: 0;">
<sup>1</sup> Cocinero: Recetas Electorales</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left; padding: 0;">
<sup>2</sup> Fecha pronóstico: 2026-05-02</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left; padding: 0;">
<sup>3</sup> Herramienta IA usada: Ninguna</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left; padding: 0;">
<sup>4</sup> Social: @recetaelectoral</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<hr></section></section><section id="podio-electoral" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="podio-electoral">🏆 Podio electoral</h2>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-note callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Nota</span>Resultados pendientes
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>Los resultados y el podio se publicarán aqui.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tabset-margin-container"></div><div class="panel-tabset">
<ul class="nav nav-tabs"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" id="tabset-1-1-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-1" aria-controls="tabset-1-1" aria-selected="true" href="">Primera vuelta</a></li></ul>
<div class="tab-content">
<div id="tabset-1-1" class="tab-pane active" aria-labelledby="tabset-1-1-tab">

</div>
</div>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2026,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🥇 Recetario 2026},
  date = {2026-05-03},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-03-concurso/2026-concurso-1era.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2026" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2026. <span>“🥇 Recetario 2026.”</span> May 3. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-03-concurso/2026-concurso-1era.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-03-concurso/2026-concurso-1era.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>elecciones</category>
  <category>pronósticos</category>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>concurso</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-03-concurso/2026-concurso-1era.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sat, 02 May 2026 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-05-03-concurso/cooking.jpg" medium="image" type="image/jpeg"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🛒 Bazaar</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-20-bazaar/2026-bazaar.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“Prices at any moment reflect a clash of narratives rather than any kind of consensus.”</em><br>—Rajiv Sethi, <a href="https://rajivsethi.substack.com/p/predicting-rare-events">“Predicting Rare Events”</a></p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<section id="el-bazar-de-las-apuestas" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="el-bazar-de-las-apuestas">El Bazar de las apuestas</h2>
<p>Las encuestas preguntan. Los mercados de predicción apuestan.</p>
<p>Nuestro <strong>Ajiaco2</strong> y la <strong>Cazuela</strong> estiman la distribución de intención de voto <em>“spot”</em>, hoy. <a href="https://polymarket.com"><strong>Polymarket</strong></a> estima quién <em>gana</em>. Son preguntas distintas, pero se pueden complementar: un candidato que lidera encuestas pero tiene baja probabilidad en Polymarket puede estar sufriendo un problema de viabilidad percibida por el mercado.</p>
<p>En un mercado de predicción como <strong>Polymarket</strong>, los participantes compran y venden contratos que valen $1 si un evento ocurre. El precio de cada contrato refleja la probabilidad implícita que el mercado asigna a ese resultado. Si un contrato por <em>“Claudia López gana la primera vuelta”</em> se transa a $0.30, el mercado dice que hay un 30% de probabilidad de que eso ocurra.</p>
<p>A diferencia de las encuestas, que miden la <em>intención declarada</em> de votantes o posibles votantes, Polymarket agrega la <em>información privada</em> de apostadores que arriesgan dinero real. Es un mecanismo distinto, con sesgos y problemas distintos, y por eso es interesante ponerlo al lado de nuestros modelos bayesianos.</p>
</section><section id="descargando-los-datos" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="descargando-los-datos">Descargando los datos</h2>
<p>Usamos el paquete <a href="https://github.com/clintmckenna/polymarketR"><code>polymarketR</code></a> para acceder a la API pública de Polymarket:</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">polymarketR</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">descargar</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">function</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">slug</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">mercado</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">{</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">get_event_prices_history</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    event_slug <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">slug</span>, interval <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"max"</span>, fidelity <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1440</span></span>
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>mercado <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"colombia-presidential-election"</span>,             <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ganador general"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">descargar</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"colombia-presidential-election-1st-round-winner"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Primera vuelta"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
</section><section id="evolución-de-las-probabilidades" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="evolución-de-las-probabilidades">Evolución de las probabilidades</h2>
<p>Analizamos dos mercados simultáneamente: <strong>Ganador general</strong> (quién gana la presidencia) y <strong>Primera vuelta</strong> (quién gana la primera vuelta). Cada candidato tiene un contrato <em>“Yes/No”</em> en cada mercado; el precio <em>“Yes”</em> es la probabilidad implícita Figura&nbsp;1.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Cepeda"</span>,      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Iván Cepeda"</span>,              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#A52E94"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Espriella"</span>,   <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Abelardo de la Espriella"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#000066"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fajardo"</span>,     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#442F7E"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Lopez|L.pez"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Claudia López"</span>,            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#00B399"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Valencia"</span>,    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Paloma Valencia"</span>,          <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#63B9E9"</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">bazar_plot</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">0.5</span>, xanchor <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"center"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div id="fig-bazar-evolucion" class="cell-output-display quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-bazar-evolucion-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-0497868105dda5eeca78" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
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Cepeda: 81.5%<br>12 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 77.0%<br>14 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 75.5%<br>15 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 79.0%<br>16 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 75.5%<br>17 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 73.5%<br>18 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 74.5%<br>19 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 68.5%<br>20 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 68.5%<br>21 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 69.0%<br>22 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 68.5%<br>23 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 66.5%<br>24 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 71.0%<br>25 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 71.5%<br>26 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 71.0%<br>27 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 71.5%<br>28 Mar 2026","Iván Cepeda: 86.5%<br>05 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 87.5%<br>09 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 86.5%<br>12 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 94.5%<br>18 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 87.0%<br>22 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 88.5%<br>23 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 83.0%<br>24 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 80.5%<br>25 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 88.5%<br>26 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 86.5%<br>27 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 90.0%<br>28 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 92.0%<br>29 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 90.0%<br>30 Apr 2026","Iván Cepeda: 91.5%<br>01 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 92.5%<br>02 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 93.0%<br>03 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 94.0%<br>04 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 93.0%<br>05 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 92.5%<br>06 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 91.5%<br>07 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 90.5%<br>08 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 90.0%<br>09 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 89.5%<br>10 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 89.5%<br>11 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 87.5%<br>12 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 84.5%<br>13 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 85.5%<br>14 May 2026","Iván Cepeda: 84.5%<br>15 May 2026"],"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"width":3.7795275590551185,"color":"rgba(165,46,148,0.85)","dash":"solid"},"hoveron":"points","name":"Iván Cepeda","legendgroup":"Iván 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Valencia: 31.4%<br>12 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 36.2%<br>14 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 44.2%<br>17 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 43.8%<br>18 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 38.9%<br>20 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 38.8%<br>21 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 39.6%<br>22 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 43.8%<br>23 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 42.6%<br>24 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 41.8%<br>25 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 41.1%<br>26 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 41.6%<br>27 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 42.2%<br>28 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 38.1%<br>29 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 38.8%<br>02 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 45.1%<br>09 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 41.2%<br>22 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 35.6%<br>23 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 33.8%<br>24 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 32.8%<br>25 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 36.2%<br>26 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 35.8%<br>27 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 30.6%<br>28 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 35.4%<br>29 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 32.2%<br>30 Apr 2026","Paloma 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Valencia: 10.0%<br>12 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 12.8%<br>14 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 14.6%<br>17 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 14.8%<br>18 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 19.8%<br>20 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 16.6%<br>21 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 16.9%<br>22 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 19.5%<br>23 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 19.8%<br>24 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 16.6%<br>25 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 21.4%<br>26 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 21.3%<br>27 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 20.3%<br>28 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 19.0%<br>29 Mar 2026","Paloma Valencia: 2.9%<br>09 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 3.4%<br>22 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 0.6%<br>23 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 1.5%<br>24 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 1.8%<br>25 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 1.6%<br>26 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 2.4%<br>27 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 1.8%<br>28 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 1.6%<br>29 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 1.4%<br>30 Apr 2026","Paloma Valencia: 1.2%<br>01 May 2026","Paloma Valencia: 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<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-bazar-evolucion-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;1: Evolución de las probabilidades implícitas en Polymarket
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="distribución-actual" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="distribución-actual">Distribución actual</h2>
<p>¿Dónde están hoy las fichas? Figura&nbsp;2</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">bazar_hoy</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">bazar_plot</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>prob <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">prob</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">max</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">bazar_hoy</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prob</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_bar.html">geom_col</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_text.html">geom_text</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-bazar-hoy" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-bazar-hoy-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-bazaar_files/figure-html/fig-bazar-hoy-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-1" title="Figura&nbsp;2: Probabilidades implícitas actuales según Polymarket"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-20-bazaar/2026-bazaar_files/figure-html/fig-bazar-hoy-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-bazar-hoy-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;2: Probabilidades implícitas actuales según Polymarket
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="el-mercado-vs.-las-encuestas" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="el-mercado-vs.-las-encuestas">El mercado vs.&nbsp;las encuestas</h2>
<p>Los mercados de predicción y las encuestas miden cosas distintas:</p>
<table class="caption-top table">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 33%">
<col style="width: 33%">
<col style="width: 33%">
</colgroup>
<thead><tr class="header">
<th></th>
<th><strong>Encuestas</strong></th>
<th><strong>Polymarket</strong></th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>¿Quién responde?</td>
<td>Votantes colombianos</td>
<td>Apostadores del mundo</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>¿Qué mide?</td>
<td>Intención de voto declarada</td>
<td>Probabilidad implícita de victoria</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Incentivo para ser honesto</td>
<td>Ninguno</td>
<td>Dinero real</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Horizonte</td>
<td>Estado actual</td>
<td>Resultado final</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Sesgo conocido</td>
<td>Efecto casa, NS/NR</td>
<td>Sesgos de mercado, liquidez</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-warning callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Advertencia</span><strong>Ojo</strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>Los mercados de predicción internacionales pueden tener información asimétrica sobre política colombiana. El volumen de transacciones y la profundidad del mercado son indicadores importantes de cuánto peso darle a estas señales.</p>
</div>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2026,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🛒 Bazaar},
  date = {2026-04-20},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-20-bazaar/2026-bazaar.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2026" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2026. <span>“🛒 Bazaar.”</span> April 20. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-20-bazaar/2026-bazaar.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-20-bazaar/2026-bazaar.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>polymarket</category>
  <category>mercados de predicción</category>
  <category>probabilidades</category>
  <category>candidatos</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-20-bazaar/2026-bazaar.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sun, 19 Apr 2026 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-20-bazaar/gamble.gif" medium="image" type="image/gif"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🍲 Cazuela</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/2026-cazuela.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“Don’t ask why you should use a multilevel model. Ask instead, Why not?.”</em><br>–Richard McElreath</p>
</blockquote>
<section id="introduciendo-la-cazuela" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="introduciendo-la-cazuela">Introduciendo la <strong>Cazuela</strong>
</h2>
<p>La <strong>Cazuela</strong> es una extensión del <strong>Ajiaco2</strong> que incorpora covariables al modelo Dirichlet-Multinomial, de manera similar a un modelo lineal generalizado (GLM). Mientras que el Ajiaco2 estima una sola proporción pooled <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D"> común a todas las encuestas, la Cazuela permite que las proporciones varíen en función de:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<strong>Tendencia temporal</strong>: ¿Cómo ha cambiado el apoyo a cada candidato a lo largo del tiempo?</li>
<li>
<strong>Efecto casa encuestadora</strong>: ¿Cada encuestadora tiene un sesgo sistemático hacia o en contra de ciertos candidatos?</li>
</ol>
<p>El resultado es un modelo que no solo estima el estado actual de las preferencias electorales sino que también captura la dinámica temporal y corrige por las diferencias sistemáticas entre encuestadoras.</p>
<p>Veamos los resultados de la Cazuela Figura&nbsp;1:</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/all_of.html">all_of</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cols_last</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/rename.html">rename_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"p_"</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cand_names</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    .cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/everything.html">everything</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/everything.html">everything</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                      names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"prop"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_sub.html">str_sub</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>, start <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3L</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato_m <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prop</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, .group_by <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"drop"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Nombres</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidatos_2026</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_"</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cod</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    by <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Quitar ruido</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_detect.html">str_detect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ruido"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prop</span>, y <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/reorder.factor.html">reorder</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato_m</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggdist</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mjskay.github.io/ggdist/reference/ggdist-deprecated.html">stat_dist_slabinterval</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>      fill <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span>,</span>
<span>      fill_ramp <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes_eval.html">after_stat</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">level</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>      <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    .width <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.8</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.95</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.99</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    interval_alpha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.95</span>,</span>
<span>    show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fill <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span>, fill_ramp <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, size <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggdist</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mjskay.github.io/ggdist/reference/stat_pointinterval.html">stat_pointinterval</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>label <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">scales</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://scales.r-lib.org/reference/percent_format.html">percent</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato_m</span>, accuracy <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  geom <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"label"</span>,</span>
<span>  .width <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,</span>
<span>  vjust <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span>,</span>
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-cazuela-todos" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-cazuela-todos-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/fig-cazuela-todos-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-1" title="Figura&nbsp;1: Cazuela: Dirichlet-Multinomial con covariables"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/fig-cazuela-todos-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-cazuela-todos-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;1: Cazuela: Dirichlet-Multinomial con covariables
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="valencia-o-de-la-espriella-competencia-probabilística" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="valencia-o-de-la-espriella-competencia-probabilística">Valencia o De la Espriella? Competencia probabilística</h2>
<p>Una ventaja del enfoque bayesiano es que las comparaciones directas entre candidatos son triviales: basta con calcular la fracción de draws en los que la proporción de un candidato supera la del otro.</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-simple callout-note no-icon">
<div class="callout-body d-flex">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon no-icon"></i>
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<div class="callout-body-container">
<p>Según la <strong>Cazuela</strong> a 19 Mayo 2026, la probabilidad posterior de que <strong>Paloma Valencia</strong> obtenga más votos que <strong>De la Espriella</strong> en primera vuelta es <strong>0.0%</strong>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;">==</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"p_cand_pv"</span>   <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">==</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    guide  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"#000066"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>      x <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">x</span>, y <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">y</span>,</span>
<span>      label <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sprintf.html">sprintf</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>        <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">prob_pv_gt_adle</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    inherit.aes  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span>,</span>
<span>    hjust        <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1.1</span>,</span>
<span>    vjust        <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">0.4</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">0.6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"lines"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/labs.html">labs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    title    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"Densidad"</span>,</span>
<span>    fill     <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NULL</span>,</span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fuente: https://recetas-electorales.netlify.app/"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggtheme.html">theme_minimal</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>base_size <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">24</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    text               <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_text</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">"news-cycle"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    panel.grid.minor   <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_blank</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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<span>    legend.position    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"top"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-paloma-vs-adle-cazuela" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-paloma-vs-adle-cazuela-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/fig-paloma-vs-adle-cazuela-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-2" title="Figura&nbsp;2: Distribuciones posteriores de Paloma Valencia y De la Espriella (encuesta más reciente)."><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/fig-paloma-vs-adle-cazuela-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-paloma-vs-adle-cazuela-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;2: Distribuciones posteriores de Paloma Valencia y De la Espriella (encuesta más reciente).
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="tendencia-temporal" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="tendencia-temporal">Tendencia temporal</h2>
<p>La gran ventaja de la Cazuela sobre el Ajiaco2 es que podemos visualizar cómo han cambiado las proporciones estimadas a lo largo del tiempo, corrigiendo por el efecto casa de cada encuestadora Figura&nbsp;3.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Extraer p[j,k] para todas las encuestas ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">draws_all</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cazuela_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">posterior</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/reference/draws_df.html">as_draws_df</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/as_tibble.html">as_tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Construir data.frame largo con p[j,k] para cada draw y encuesta</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p_draws</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">purrr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://purrr.tidyverse.org/reference/map_dfr.html">map_dfr</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">:</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">J</span>, <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">function</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">j</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">{</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Seleccionar columnas exactas p[j,1], p[j,2], ..., p[j,K]</span></span>
<span>  <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cols_j</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"p["</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">j</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">","</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">:</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">K</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"]"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">draws_all</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/all_of.html">all_of</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cols_j</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/rename.html">rename_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cand_names</span>, .cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/everything.html">everything</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>.draw <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/row_number.html">row_number</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, .stan_idx <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">j</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">}</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_meta</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>.stan_idx <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/row_number.html">row_number</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    by <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">".stan_idx"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">".stan_idx"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/all_of.html">all_of</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cand_names</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>,</span>
<span>    values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"prop"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cod <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_sub.html">str_sub</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>, start <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6L</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidatos_2026</span>, by <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cod"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cod</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ruido"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Resumir por fecha y candidato</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p_summary</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p_draws</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cod</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    media <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prop</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    q025 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prop</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.025</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    q975 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prop</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.975</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    q25 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prop</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.25</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    q75 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prop</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.75</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    .groups <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"drop"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Orden global de candidatos por media posterior (usado en todas las gráficas)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">orden_candidatos</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p_summary</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>media_global <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">media</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, .groups <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"drop"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html">arrange</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/desc.html">desc</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">media_global</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pull.html">pull</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p_summary</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombre <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>, levels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">orden_candidatos</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>, y <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">media</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span>, fill <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_ribbon.html">geom_ribbon</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>ymin <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">q025</span>, ymax <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">q975</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, alpha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.15</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_ribbon.html">geom_ribbon</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>ymin <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">q25</span>, ymax <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">q75</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, alpha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.3</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_path.html">geom_line</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>linewidth <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>size <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_identity.html">scale_color_identity</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_identity.html">scale_fill_identity</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_continuous.html">scale_y_continuous</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>labels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">scales</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://scales.r-lib.org/reference/percent_format.html">percent_format</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>accuracy <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/facet_wrap.html">facet_wrap</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>, scales <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"free_y"</span>, ncol <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
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background-color: null;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-cazuela-tendencia" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-cazuela-tendencia-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/fig-cazuela-tendencia-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-3" title="Figura&nbsp;3: Tendencia temporal estimada por la Cazuela"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/fig-cazuela-tendencia-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-cazuela-tendencia-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;3: Tendencia temporal estimada por la Cazuela
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="efectos-de-casa" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="efectos-de-casa">Efectos de casa</h2>
<p>Cada encuestadora tiene un sesgo sistemático implícito. La Cazuela modela estos efectos de casa como un modelo multinivel de efectos aleatorios: cada vector <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Cdelta%7D_h%20%5Cin%20%5Cmathbb%7BR%7D%5E%7BK-1%7D"> se extrae de una distribución normal multivariada con matriz de covarianza estimada vía descomposición LKJ. Esto permite que el modelo aprenda si una encuestadora que sobreestima a un candidato tiende a subestimar a otro Figura&nbsp;4.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Extraer delta[k, h] (nota: índices [k, h] en el modelo actualizado) ####</span></span>
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-cazuela-casa" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-cazuela-casa-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/fig-cazuela-casa-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-4" title="Figura&nbsp;4: Efectos de casa estimados por la Cazuela"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/fig-cazuela-casa-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-cazuela-casa-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;4: Efectos de casa estimados por la Cazuela
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="el-partial-pooling-en-acción" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="el-partial-pooling-en-acción">El <em>partial pooling</em> en acción</h2>
<p>La característica más poderosa del modelo multinivel es el <strong>shrinkage</strong>: cada encuestadora es un punto en el espacio de estimaciones y el modelo las “jala” hacia el centro según cuánta evidencia tiene. La animación Figura&nbsp;5 muestra cómo se mueve cada casa encuestadora entre tres escenarios:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<strong>Pooling completo</strong>: Todas colapsan al mismo punto, el promedio global.</li>
<li>
<strong>Sin pooling</strong>: Cada encuestadora se estimada de forma independiente.</li>
<li>
<strong>Partial pooling (Cazuela)</strong>: El modelo jerárquico regula —las encuestadoras con pocas encuestas se encogen más hacia el centro que las que tienen varias muestras.</li>
</ol>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-shrinkage" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-shrinkage-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/fig-shrinkage-1.gif" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-5" title="Figura&nbsp;5: Pooling en la Cazuela"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/fig-shrinkage-1.gif" class="img-fluid figure-img"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-shrinkage-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;5: Pooling en la Cazuela
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="correlación-entre-efectos-de-casa" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="correlación-entre-efectos-de-casa">Correlación entre efectos de casa</h2>
<p>El modelo estima explícitamente la matriz de correlación <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5COmega"> entre los efectos de casa de los candidatos usando un prior LKJ. Esto captura si las encuestadoras que sobreestiman a un candidato tienden a subestimar a otro Figura&nbsp;6.</p>
<div class="cell">
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">18</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-cazuela-corr" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-cazuela-corr-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/fig-cazuela-corr-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-6" title="Figura&nbsp;6: Matriz de correlación posterior de efectos de casa"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/fig-cazuela-corr-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-cazuela-corr-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;6: Matriz de correlación posterior de efectos de casa
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="diagnósticos" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="diagnósticos">Diagnósticos</h2>
<p>El muestreo MCMC:</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb6" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">bayesplot</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/reference/MCMC-traces.html">mcmc_trace</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cazuela_fit</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">draws</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, pars <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/vars.html">vars</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matches</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"beta0_raw"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/traceplot-cazuela-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-7"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/2026-cazuela_files/figure-html/traceplot-cazuela-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="receta-cazuela" class="level2"><h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="receta-cazuela">Receta <strong>Cazuela</strong>
</h2>
<p>La <strong>Cazuela</strong> extiende el <strong>Ajiaco2</strong> al permitir que las proporciones de candidatos varíen por encuesta como función de covariables. En lugar de un solo vector <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D"> pooled, cada encuesta <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?j"> tiene su propio <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D_j"> construido a partir de un predictor lineal con función de enlace softmax, como en un GLM multinomial.</p>
<p>La novedad clave es que los efectos de casa se modelan como <strong>efectos aleatorios multinivel</strong> con una estructura de covarianza completa. Los vectores <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Cdelta%7D_h"> se extraen de una distribución normal multivariada cuya matriz de covarianza se descompone en desviaciones estándar por candidato (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Csigma%7D_%5Cdelta">) y una matriz de correlación (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5COmega">) con prior LKJ. Se usa la <strong>parametrización no-centrada</strong> (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Cdelta%7D_h%20=%20%5Cmathrm%7Bdiag%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Csigma%7D_%5Cdelta)%20%5Ccdot%20L_%5COmega%20%5Ccdot%20%5Cmathbf%7Bz%7D_h">) para mejorar la eficiencia del muestreo MCMC:</p>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%0A%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BPredictor%20lineal:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Ceta_%7Bjk%7D%20=%20%5Cbeta_%7B0k%7D%20+%20%5Cbeta_%7B1k%7D%20%5Ccdot%20t_j%20+%20%5Cdelta_%7Bk,h_j%7D,%20%5Cquad%20k=1,%5Cdots,K-1,%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Ceta_%7BjK%7D%20=%200%20%5Cquad%20%5Ctext%7B(candidato%20de%20referencia)%7D.%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BEnlace:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D_j%20=%20%5Cmathrm%7Bsoftmax%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Ceta%7D_j).%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BEfectos%20aleatorios%20de%20casa%20(multinivel):%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Cdelta%7D_h%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BNormal%7D_%7BK-1%7D(%5Cmathbf%7B0%7D,%5C;%20%5CSigma),%20%5Cquad%20h=1,%5Cdots,H,%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5CSigma%20=%20%5Cmathrm%7Bdiag%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Csigma%7D_%5Cdelta)%5C;%5COmega%5C;%5Cmathrm%7Bdiag%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Csigma%7D_%5Cdelta).%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BParametrizaci%C3%B3n%20no-centrada:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Cdelta%7D_h%20=%20%5Cmathrm%7Bdiag%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Csigma%7D_%5Cdelta)%20%5Ccdot%20L_%5COmega%20%5Ccdot%20%5Cmathbf%7Bz%7D_h,%20%5Cquad%20%5Cmathbf%7Bz%7D_h%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BNormal%7D_%7BK-1%7D(%5Cmathbf%7B0%7D,%20I).%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BPriors:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cbeta_%7B0k%7D%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BNormal%7D(0,%202),%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cbeta_%7B1k%7D%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BNormal%7D(0,%201),%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Csigma_%7B%5Cdelta,k%7D%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BNormal%7D%5E+(0,%201),%5C%5C%0A&amp;L_%5COmega%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BLKJ%5C_cholesky%7D(2),%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Ckappa%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BLogNormal%7D(%5Clog%20200,%200.7).%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BLikelihood:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cmathbf%7BY%7D_j%20%5Cmid%20%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D_j,%20%5Ckappa%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BDirichlet%5Ctext%7B-%7DMultinomial%7D(n_j,%20%5Ckappa%20%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D_j).%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D%0A"></p>
<p>Donde <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?t_j"> es el tiempo centrado y escalado de la encuesta <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?j">, <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?h_j"> es el índice de la encuestadora, y <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?L_%5COmega"> es el factor Cholesky de la matriz de correlación <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5COmega">. El prior <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmathrm%7BLKJ%7D(2)"> favorece correlaciones moderadas, lo que actúa como regularización contra matrices de correlación extremas.</p>
</section><section id="modelo" class="level2"><h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="modelo">Modelo</h2>
<div class="tabset-margin-container"></div><div class="panel-tabset">
<ul class="nav nav-tabs"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" id="tabset-1-1-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-1" aria-controls="tabset-1-1" aria-selected="true" href="">Stan</a></li></ul>
<div class="tab-content">
<div id="tabset-1-1" class="tab-pane active" aria-labelledby="tabset-1-1-tab">
<div class="cell" data-output.var="cazuela">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb7" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="sourceCode stan code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode stan"><span id="cb7-1"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">data</span> {</span>
<span id="cb7-2">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>&gt; J;                     <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// encuestas</span></span>
<span id="cb7-3">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>&gt; K;                     <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// candidatos</span></span>
<span id="cb7-4">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>&gt; H;                     <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// encuestadoras</span></span>
<span id="cb7-5">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; n;           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// tamaño muestral</span></span>
<span id="cb7-6">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J, K] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; Y;        <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// conteos Y[j, k]</span></span>
<span id="cb7-7">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[J] time;                     <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// covariable temporal (centrada)</span></span>
<span id="cb7-8">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">upper</span>=H&gt; house; <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// índice de encuestadora</span></span>
<span id="cb7-9">}</span>
<span id="cb7-10"></span>
<span id="cb7-11"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">parameters</span> {</span>
<span id="cb7-12">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] beta0_raw;           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// intercepto (log-ratio vs candidato K)</span></span>
<span id="cb7-13">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] beta_time_raw;       <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// pendiente temporal (log-ratio vs K)</span></span>
<span id="cb7-14"></span>
<span id="cb7-15">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Efectos aleatorios de casa: multinivel con covarianza LKJ</span></span>
<span id="cb7-16">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, H] z_delta;          <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// efectos estandarizados (non-centered)</span></span>
<span id="cb7-17">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt;[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] sigma_delta; <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// sd por candidato</span></span>
<span id="cb7-18">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cholesky_factor_corr</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] L_Omega; <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// factor Cholesky de correlación</span></span>
<span id="cb7-19"></span>
<span id="cb7-20">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; kappa;                <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// concentración DM</span></span>
<span id="cb7-21">}</span>
<span id="cb7-22"></span>
<span id="cb7-23"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">transformed parameters</span> {</span>
<span id="cb7-24">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Reconstruir efectos de casa: delta[,h] = diag(sigma) * L * z[,h]</span></span>
<span id="cb7-25">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, H] delta;</span>
<span id="cb7-26">  delta = diag_pre_multiply(sigma_delta, L_Omega) * z_delta;</span>
<span id="cb7-27"></span>
<span id="cb7-28">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">matrix</span>[J, K] eta;</span>
<span id="cb7-29">  <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:J) {</span>
<span id="cb7-30">    <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (k <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:(K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>)) {</span>
<span id="cb7-31">      eta[j, k] = beta0_raw[k] + beta_time_raw[k] * time[j] + delta[k, house[j]];</span>
<span id="cb7-32">    }</span>
<span id="cb7-33">    eta[j, K] = <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>;</span>
<span id="cb7-34">  }</span>
<span id="cb7-35"></span>
<span id="cb7-36">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">simplex</span>[K] p;</span>
<span id="cb7-37">  <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:J) {</span>
<span id="cb7-38">    p[j] = softmax(eta[j]');</span>
<span id="cb7-39">  }</span>
<span id="cb7-40">}</span>
<span id="cb7-41"></span>
<span id="cb7-42"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">model</span> {</span>
<span id="cb7-43">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Priors efectos fijos</span></span>
<span id="cb7-44">  beta0_raw ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>);</span>
<span id="cb7-45">  beta_time_raw ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>);</span>
<span id="cb7-46"></span>
<span id="cb7-47">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Priors multinivel para efectos de casa</span></span>
<span id="cb7-48">  sigma_delta ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>);</span>
<span id="cb7-49">  L_Omega ~ lkj_corr_cholesky(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>);</span>
<span id="cb7-50">  to_vector(z_delta) ~ std_normal();</span>
<span id="cb7-51"></span>
<span id="cb7-52">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Prior concentración</span></span>
<span id="cb7-53">  kappa ~ lognormal(log(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">200</span>), <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.7</span>);</span>
<span id="cb7-54"></span>
<span id="cb7-55">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Likelihood</span></span>
<span id="cb7-56">  <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:J) {</span>
<span id="cb7-57">    Y[j] ~ dirichlet_multinomial(kappa * to_vector(p[j]));</span>
<span id="cb7-58">  }</span>
<span id="cb7-59">}</span>
<span id="cb7-60"></span>
<span id="cb7-61"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">generated quantities</span> {</span>
<span id="cb7-62">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J, K] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span> Y_rep;</span>
<span id="cb7-63">  <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:J) {</span>
<span id="cb7-64">    Y_rep[j] = dirichlet_multinomial_rng(kappa * to_vector(p[j]), n[j]);</span>
<span id="cb7-65">  }</span>
<span id="cb7-66"></span>
<span id="cb7-67">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Matriz de correlación de efectos de casa</span></span>
<span id="cb7-68">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">corr_matrix</span>[K - <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>] Omega;</span>
<span id="cb7-69">  Omega = multiply_lower_tri_self_transpose(L_Omega);</span>
<span id="cb7-70">}</span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="comparación-con-el-ajiaco2" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="comparación-con-el-ajiaco2">Comparación con el Ajiaco2</h2>
<table class="caption-top table">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 33%">
<col style="width: 33%">
<col style="width: 33%">
</colgroup>
<thead><tr class="header">
<th></th>
<th><strong>Ajiaco2</strong></th>
<th><strong>Cazuela</strong></th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Proporciones</td>
<td>Un solo <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D"> pooled</td>
<td>
<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D_j"> por encuesta</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Tendencia temporal</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Sí (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cbeta_%7B1k%7D">)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Efecto casa</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Sí, multinivel con LKJ</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Covarianza casa</td>
<td>No</td>
<td><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5CSigma%20=%20%5Cmathrm%7Bdiag%7D(%5Csigma)%5C,%5COmega%5C,%5Cmathrm%7Bdiag%7D(%5Csigma)"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Parametrización</td>
<td>Directa</td>
<td>Non-centered (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmathbf%7Bz%7D_h">)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Enlace</td>
<td>Dirichlet prior directo</td>
<td>Softmax (multinomial logit)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Parámetros</td>
<td><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?K%20+%201"></td>
<td><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?(K-1)(2%20+%20H)%20+%20K%20+%20%5Cbinom%7BK-1%7D%7B2%7D"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Interpretación</td>
<td>Estado promedio</td>
<td>Estado dinámico corregido</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb8" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cazuela_fit</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">summary</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>variables <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"beta0_raw"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"beta_time_raw"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"kappa"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 11 × 10
   variable       mean   median      sd     mad       q5      q95  rhat ess_bulk
   &lt;chr&gt;         &lt;dbl&gt;    &lt;dbl&gt;   &lt;dbl&gt;   &lt;dbl&gt;    &lt;dbl&gt;    &lt;dbl&gt; &lt;dbl&gt;    &lt;dbl&gt;
 1 beta0_raw…   1.03     1.03    0.154   0.140    0.777    1.27   1.00     5730.
 2 beta0_raw…   0.452    0.453   0.207   0.188    0.117    0.777  1.00     5962.
 3 beta0_raw…   0.373    0.374   0.185   0.165    0.0711   0.671  1.00     6859.
 4 beta0_raw…  -1.37    -1.37    0.258   0.237   -1.80    -0.969  1.00     7737.
 5 beta0_raw…  -1.64    -1.64    0.194   0.171   -1.95    -1.33   1.00     9827.
 6 beta_time…   0.0266   0.0251  0.0739  0.0725  -0.0918   0.150  1.00     7886.
 7 beta_time…   0.0557   0.0549  0.0802  0.0776  -0.0738   0.190  1.00     7814.
 8 beta_time…  -0.0172  -0.0184  0.0827  0.0807  -0.151    0.121  1.00     7664.
 9 beta_time…  -0.178   -0.182   0.126   0.123   -0.379    0.0342 1.00    10541.
10 beta_time…   0.0576   0.0552  0.149   0.145   -0.184    0.306  1.000   14392.
11 kappa      235.     227.     68.8    65.2    136.     359.     1.00     3754.
# ℹ 1 more variable: ess_tail &lt;dbl&gt;</code></pre>
</div>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2026,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🍲 Cazuela},
  date = {2026-04-13},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/2026-cazuela.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2026" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2026. <span>“🍲 Cazuela.”</span> April 13. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/2026-cazuela.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/2026-cazuela.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>dirichlet</category>
  <category>multinomial</category>
  <category>cmdstanr</category>
  <category>random effects</category>
  <category>lkj</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/2026-cazuela.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2026 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-04-13-cazuela/cazuela.jpg" medium="image" type="image/jpeg"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🍳 Promesas</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-03-29-promesas/2026-promesas.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <section id="qué-proponen-los-candidatos" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="qué-proponen-los-candidatos">¿Qué proponen los candidatos?</h2>
<p>Los programas de gobierno son documentos extensos, dispersos, y escritos para que nadie los lea. Cada campaña publica sus propuestas en su propia página, con su propio formato y su propia lógica de navegación. Compararlos requiere leerlos todos, organizarlos mentalmente, y tener buena memoria.</p>
<p>Los LLMs son buenos para esto. Resumen, comparan, y extraen información de textos enormes. El problema es que no tienen acceso a la información que está en las páginas de los candidatos: necesitan que alguien se las dé.</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-tip callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Tip</span>Un asistente que leyó todos los programas de gobierno
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>La app de abajo es un chatbot que usa <em>Retrieval-Augmented Generation</em> (<a href="https://ragnar.tidyverse.org/">RAG</a>) para responder preguntas sobre los programas de gobierno de los candidatos. Toda la información proviene de los documentos PDF oficiales de cada programa de gobierno y de las páginas web de cada campaña.</p>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="ingredientes" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ingredientes">Ingredientes</h2>
<p>La app fue construida con:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://ragnar.tidyverse.org/"><strong>ragnar</strong></a>: para crear un <em>store</em> vectorial con el contenido de las páginas web de cada campaña. El store usa DuckDB como base de datos, embeddings de OpenAI (<code>text-embedding-3-small</code>) para la búsqueda semántica, y BM25 para la búsqueda por palabras clave.</li>
<li>
<a href="https://ellmer.tidyverse.org/"><strong>ellmer</strong></a>: para conectar con un LLM (GPT-4o-mini) que responde las preguntas usando el contexto recuperado del store.</li>
<li>
<a href="https://posit-dev.github.io/shinychat/r/"><strong>shinychat</strong></a>: para la interfaz de chat dentro de una app de Shiny.</li>
</ul>
<p>El proceso tiene dos pasos:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<strong>Ingesta</strong>: se procesan los PDFs de los programas de gobierno y se recorren las páginas oficiales de cada candidato. Todo el contenido se divide en fragmentos (<em>chunks</em>), se generan embeddings, y se almacenan en el store.</li>
<li>
<strong>Consulta</strong>: cuando el usuario hace una pregunta, el LLM busca los fragmentos más relevantes en el store y los usa como contexto para generar una respuesta fundamentada.</li>
</ol></section><section id="fuentes" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="fuentes">Fuentes</h2>
<p>El store combina dos tipos de fuentes para cada candidato:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>Programas de gobierno (PDF)</strong>: los documentos oficiales registrados ante el CNE por cada campaña.</li>
<li>
<strong>Páginas web</strong>: el contenido publicado en las páginas oficiales de cada campaña.</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://vincentarelbundock.github.io/tinytable/">tinytable</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tibble.html">tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  Candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Claudia López"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Iván Cepeda"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Abelardo de la Espriella"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Paloma Valencia"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  `Programa de gobierno (PDF)` <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Claudia-lopez-Programa-de-Gobierno.pdf"</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Programa de gobierno Cambio. Serio. Seguro.pdf"</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"programa-gobierno-2026-2030 (1).pdf"</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"programa-de-gobierno-abelardo-delaspriella-.pdf"</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Plan-Integrado-de-Gobierno-Final_compressed.pdf"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  `Página web` <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"claudia-lopez.com"</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergiofajardo.com"</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"movimientopactohistorico.co"</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"defensoresdelapatria.com"</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"palomavalencia.com"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tinytable</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://vincentarelbundock.github.io/tinytable/man/tt.html">tt</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div id="tbl-promesas" class="cell quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-tbl figure"><figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-top quarto-float-caption quarto-float-tbl" id="tbl-promesas-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Tabla&nbsp;1: Fuentes consultadas por candidato
</figcaption><div aria-describedby="tbl-promesas-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<div class="cell-output-display">
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<div class="container">
      <table class="tinytable" id="tinytable_ibe3n8olpzxotbrllq6v" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" data-quarto-disable-processing="true">
<thead><tr>
<th scope="col" data-row="0" data-col="1">Candidato</th>
                <th scope="col" data-row="0" data-col="2">Programa de gobierno (PDF)</th>
                <th scope="col" data-row="0" data-col="3">Página web</th>
              </tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td data-row="1" data-col="1">Claudia López</td>
                  <td data-row="1" data-col="2">Claudia-lopez-Programa-de-Gobierno.pdf</td>
                  <td data-row="1" data-col="3">claudia-lopez.com</td>
                </tr>
<tr>
<td data-row="2" data-col="1">Sergio Fajardo</td>
                  <td data-row="2" data-col="2">Programa de gobierno Cambio. Serio. Seguro.pdf</td>
                  <td data-row="2" data-col="3">sergiofajardo.com</td>
                </tr>
<tr>
<td data-row="3" data-col="1">Iván Cepeda</td>
                  <td data-row="3" data-col="2">programa-gobierno-2026-2030 (1).pdf</td>
                  <td data-row="3" data-col="3">movimientopactohistorico.co</td>
                </tr>
<tr>
<td data-row="4" data-col="1">Abelardo de la Espriella</td>
                  <td data-row="4" data-col="2">programa-de-gobierno-abelardo-delaspriella-.pdf</td>
                  <td data-row="4" data-col="3">defensoresdelapatria.com</td>
                </tr>
<tr>
<td data-row="5" data-col="1">Paloma Valencia</td>
                  <td data-row="5" data-col="2">Plan-Integrado-de-Gobierno-Final_compressed.pdf</td>
                  <td data-row="5" data-col="3">palomavalencia.com</td>
                </tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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</div>
</div>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="la-app-promesas" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="la-app-promesas">La app <em>Promesas</em>
</h2>
<iframe src="https://019e0aa4-9adc-754c-d8f1-5a54e80f1c47.share.connect.posit.cloud/" width="100%" height="750" style="border: none; border-radius: 8px;" loading="lazy">
</iframe>
<hr>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-warning callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".callout-2-contents" aria-controls="callout-2" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle callout">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Advertencia</span>Limitaciones
</div>
<div class="callout-btn-toggle d-inline-block border-0 py-1 ps-1 pe-0 float-end"><i class="callout-toggle"></i></div>
</div>
<div id="callout-2" class="callout-2-contents callout-collapse collapse">
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<ul>
<li>El contenido del store refleja lo publicado en las páginas oficiales al <strong>29 de marzo de 2026</strong>. Las campañas pueden actualizar sus propuestas después de esa fecha.</li>
<li>Algunas páginas tienen contenido dinámico (JavaScript) que puede no capturarse completamente durante la ingesta.</li>
<li>El LLM puede cometer errores de interpretación. Siempre es buena idea verificar las respuestas consultando directamente las fuentes.</li>
<li>La calidad de las respuestas depende de la calidad del contenido publicado por cada campaña. Si un candidato no publica propuestas detalladas, el asistente no podrá inventarlas.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2026,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🍳 Promesas},
  date = {2026-03-29},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-03-29-promesas/2026-promesas.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2026" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2026. <span>“🍳 Promesas.”</span> March 29. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-03-29-promesas/2026-promesas.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-03-29-promesas/2026-promesas.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>llms</category>
  <category>propuestas</category>
  <category>ragnar</category>
  <category>ellmer</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-03-29-promesas/2026-promesas.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2026 23:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-03-29-promesas/promise.gif" medium="image" type="image/gif"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🍽️ Entrada, las sobrevivientes</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-26-entrada/2026-entrada.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“Any outcome that is made possible by creating a law could have happened without the law.”</em><br> –Kaushik Basu (2018)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“Artículo 11. Responsabilidad de las firmas encuestadoras. Las firmas encuestadoras deberán cumplir con las leyes de la estadística. Si no lo hicieren, responderán civil y penalmente por sus actos cuando corresponda.”</em><br> –Ley 2494 de 2025</p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<section id="las-encuestas-que-sobrevivieron-la-regulación-que-buscó-acabarlas" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="las-encuestas-que-sobrevivieron-la-regulación-que-buscó-acabarlas">Las encuestas que sobrevivieron la regulación que buscó acabarlas</h2>
<p>En 1897, el médico Edward Goodwin propuso una ley para determinar que la razón entre la circumferencia y el diámetro de un círculo <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cpi"> era 3.2. La intersección entre la ignorancia y la arrogancia siempre produce cosas así.</p>
<p>Las barbaridades escritas en la Ley 2494 de 2025 no están lejos del episodio de 1897. Ninguna es más reveladora de la ignorancia que lo quedó escrito en el Art 11, que amenaza el trabajo estadístico con consequencias penales por no seguir las leyes de la estadística.</p>
<p>Ignorando por un momento que la ley fue propuesta por políticos cercanos a los futuros candidatos que se beneficiarían de la ignorancia producida por la veda a las encuestas, la existencia de esa ley es un triste reflejo de cómo unas élites pueden reconocer a todo el país que no entienden la diferencia entre una norma que hay que seguir y una regularidad científica.</p>
<p>Afortunadamente ni la honestidad ni el rigor estadístico se pueden legislar. Hay que seguir impulsando ambas así exista una ley que persigua lo contrario.</p>
</section><section id="las-encuestas-juntas." class="level2"><h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="las-encuestas-juntas.">Las encuestas, juntas.</h2>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Iván Cepeda"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"adle"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Abelardo de la Espriella"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#000066"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"vd"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Vicky Dávila"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Juan Manuel Galán"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#BE1100"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"jcp"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"encuestas_2026.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    fecha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/ymd.html">mdy</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    encuesta_id <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">:</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/context.html">n</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    cand_ruido <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/colSums.html">rowSums</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/across.html">across</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"fecha"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"encuesta_id"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"encuestadora"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"muestra"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"voto_blanco"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ns_nr"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, na.rm <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>,</span>
<span>    values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Datos para grafica ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">datos_entrada</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2026</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/match.html">%in%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_ic"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_adle"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_pv"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_sf"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cand_cl"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_sub.html">str_sub</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>, start <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6L</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidatos_df</span>, by <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cod"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ruido"</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># LOESS por candidato (grilla densa para curva suave) ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">loess_entrada</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">datos_entrada</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/context.html">n</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_map.html">group_modify</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">{</span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stats</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/loess.html">loess</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.x</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha_grid</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/seq.html">seq</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">min</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.x</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">max</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.x</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, by <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"day"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tibble.html">tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>      fecha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha_grid</span>,</span>
<span>      int_voto <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stats</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/predict.html">predict</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fit</span>, newdata <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html">data.frame</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fecha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha_grid</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">}</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">ungroup</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Grafica ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">entrada_2026</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">datos_entrada</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>, y <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_path.html">geom_line</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">loess_entrada</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>, y <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>, group <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                     linetype <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"dotdash"</span>, linewidth <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.8</span>, show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>shape <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                                   text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">": "</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">scales</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://scales.r-lib.org/reference/percent_format.html">percent</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>, accuracy <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">" ("</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/format.html">format</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"%d-%b"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">")"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                      size <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>, alpha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.85</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_manual.html">scale_color_manual</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>values <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/setNames.html">setNames</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidatos_df</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">color_cand</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidatos_df</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_continuous.html">scale_y_continuous</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>labels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">scales</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://scales.r-lib.org/reference/percent_format.html">percent_format</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>accuracy <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/guides.html">guides</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>shape <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"none"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/labs.html">labs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NULL</span>, y <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Intención de voto"</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NULL</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggtheme.html">theme_minimal</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>legend.position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"bottom"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#ggplotly ####</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plotly</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/plotly/man/ggplotly.html">ggplotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">entrada_2026</span>, tooltip <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"text"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plotly</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">layout</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>orientation <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"h"</span>, y <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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</div>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2026,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🍽️ Entrada, las sobrevivientes},
  date = {2026-01-28},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-26-entrada/2026-entrada.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2026" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2026. <span>“🍽️ Entrada, las
sobrevivientes.”</span> January 28. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-26-entrada/2026-entrada.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-26-entrada/2026-entrada.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>candidatos</category>
  <category>encuestadoras</category>
  <category>cne</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-26-entrada/2026-entrada.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Tue, 27 Jan 2026 23:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-26-entrada/think.gif" medium="image" type="image/gif"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🥑 Ajiaco2</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-28-ajiaco2/2026-ajiaco2.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“Failure is a favor to the future.”</em><br>–Rita Dove</p>
</blockquote>
<section id="introduciendo-el-ajiaco2" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="introduciendo-el-ajiaco2">Introduciendo el <strong>Ajiaco2</strong>
</h2>
<p>El <strong>Ajiaco2</strong> es un modelo probabilístico que las Recetas Electorales han tratado de preparar desde hace 5 años. Es complejo, pero funciona divínamente. Es el motor inferencial para la primera vuelta.</p>
<p>Es un modelo que procesa simultáneamente todas las encuestas como un proceso Dirichlet-multinomial, de manera que se preserven las cotas de que los posibles candidatos no tengan probabilidades absurdas de pasar a la segunda vuelta. Esto es mucho más difícil de lo que parece, y hay que hacer ciertos supuestos importantes como imputaciones de los conteos de las encuestas con base en las proporciones reportadas en las fichas técnicas. De cualquier forma, el nuevo <strong>Ajiaco2</strong> supera las limitaciones de la receta de 2022 y se puede servir completo.</p>
<p>Veamos los resultados de la más reciente estimación del <strong>Ajiaco2</strong> Figura&nbsp;1 para los candidatos a la primera vuelta luego de las consultas del 13 de marzo:</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Graph posterior ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco2_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">posterior</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/reference/draws_df.html">as_draws_df</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/as_tibble.html">as_tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/rename.html">rename_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"p_"</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/colnames.html">colnames</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">conteos_2026</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    .cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"p["</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/seq.html">seq_along</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/colnames.html">colnames</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">conteos_2026</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"]"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"p"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                      names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"prop"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_sub.html">str_sub</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>, start <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8L</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato_m <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prop</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, .group_by <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"drop"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Nombres</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidatos_2026</span>,</span>
<span>    by <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"cod"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Quitar ruido</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ruido"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prop</span>, y <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/reorder.factor.html">reorder</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato_m</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-ajiaco2-todos" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-ajiaco2-todos-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-ajiaco2_files/figure-html/fig-ajiaco2-todos-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-1" title="Figura&nbsp;1: Ajiaco2"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-28-ajiaco2/2026-ajiaco2_files/figure-html/fig-ajiaco2-todos-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-ajiaco2-todos-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;1: Ajiaco2
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="evolución-acumulada" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="evolución-acumulada">Evolución acumulada</h2>
<p>La siguiente animación muestra cómo el <strong>Ajiaco2</strong> actualiza sus estimaciones a medida que llegan nuevas encuestas, desde marzo hasta mayo 2026.</p>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="../../../animate/ajiaco2_acumulado.gif" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-2" title="Ajiaco2: evolución acumulada de la distribución posterior"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/animate/ajiaco2_acumulado.gif" class="img-fluid figure-img" alt="Ajiaco2: evolución acumulada de la distribución posterior"></a></p>
<figcaption>Ajiaco2: evolución acumulada de la distribución posterior</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</section><section id="valencia-o-de-la-espriella-las-probabilidades" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="valencia-o-de-la-espriella-las-probabilidades">Valencia o De la Espriella? Las probabilidades</h2>
<p>Una ventaja del enfoque bayesiano es que las comparaciones directas entre candidatos son inmediatas, solo hay que calcular la fracción de muestras en los que la proporción de un candidato supera la del otro. No hay prueba de hipótesis, ni p-values, ni carreta frecuentista: solo probabilidades posteriores.</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-simple callout-note no-icon">
<div class="callout-body d-flex">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon no-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container">
<p>Según el <strong>Ajiaco2</strong> a 19 Mayo 2026, la probabilidad posterior de que <strong>Paloma Valencia</strong> obtenga más votos que <strong>De la Espriella</strong> en primera vuelta es <strong>3.2%</strong>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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<span>      <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"p_cand_pv"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#63B9E9"</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"p_cand_adle"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Paloma Valencia"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#000066"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"De la Espriella"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>        <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"&lt;b&gt;P(Paloma &gt; De la Espriella) = &lt;span style='color:#63B9E9'&gt;%.1f%%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;"</span>,</span>
<span>        <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prob_pv_gt_adle</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">*</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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<span>    inherit.aes  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span>,</span>
<span>    hjust        <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">1.1</span>,</span>
<span>    vjust        <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>    size         <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span>,</span>
<span>    family       <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-paloma-vs-adle" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-paloma-vs-adle-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-ajiaco2_files/figure-html/fig-paloma-vs-adle-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-3" title="Figura&nbsp;2: Distribuciones posteriores de Paloma Valencia y De la Espriella."><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-28-ajiaco2/2026-ajiaco2_files/figure-html/fig-paloma-vs-adle-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-paloma-vs-adle-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;2: Distribuciones posteriores de Paloma Valencia y De la Espriella.
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="descifrando-porcentajes-y-probabilidades-en-el-ajiaco2" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="descifrando-porcentajes-y-probabilidades-en-el-ajiaco2">Descifrando porcentajes y probabilidades en el Ajiaco2</h2>
<p>Es relativamente fácil interpretar el <strong>Ajiaco2</strong>, así que ilustremos para uno de los punteros Figura&nbsp;3. Cada curva muestra la distribución posterior de la proporción de voto del candidato, estimada a partir del modelo Dirichlet-multinomial. Por ejemplo, para <a href="https://x.com/IvanCepedaCast"><span class="citation" data-cites="IvanCepedaCast">@IvanCepedaCast</span></a> la mayor densidad se concentra alrededor del 36%, lo que indica que este es el valor más compatible con las encuestas observadas. El modelo sugiere que la probabilidad posterior de que la intención de voto sea inferior al 25% es prácticamente nula y que sea mayor a 50%, lo que necesitaría un candidato para ganar en primera vuelta, es también nula.</p>
<p>El intervalo creíble del 50% pone la intención de voto entre 34% y 37%, mientras que el intervalo de 95% se extiende desde cerca de 31% hasta 40%, lo que refleja la incertidumbre que resulta de la heterogeneidad de las encuestas disponibles.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>    y <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>    text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_text</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span>family <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>    panel.grid.minor <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_blank</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>    legend.position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-ajiaco2-interpretacion" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-ajiaco2-interpretacion-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-ajiaco2_files/figure-html/fig-ajiaco2-interpretacion-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-4" title="Figura&nbsp;3: Interpretando el Ajiaco2"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-28-ajiaco2/2026-ajiaco2_files/figure-html/fig-ajiaco2-interpretacion-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-ajiaco2-interpretacion-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;3: Interpretando el Ajiaco2
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<span class="screen-reader-only">Tip</span><em>Ñapa</em>: <strong>Ajiaco2App</strong> para explorar cada candidato
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<p>El ajiaco viene con ñapa para explorar interactivamente el modelo Ajiaco2. Selecciona un candidato y un umbral de intención de voto para ver probabilidades posteriores.</p>
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<section id="retrovisor-el-ajiaco-de-2022-quedó-aguado.-qué-falló" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="retrovisor-el-ajiaco-de-2022-quedó-aguado.-qué-falló">
<em>Retrovisor</em>: El Ajiaco de 2022 quedó aguado. ¿Qué falló?</h3>
<p>En 2022 salió la primera versión de <strong>Ajiaco</strong>, que en su momento buscaba solucionar un problema técnico complejo en el análisis de encuestas: ¿Cómo se pueden representar correctamente las probabilidades de <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?N"> candidatos que compiten en la primera vuelta? Para solucionar el problema era necesario usar distribuciones de probabilidad un tanto complejas; tal vez más complicado aún era determinar la parametrización de esas funciones.</p>
<p>El <strong>Ajiaco</strong> en 2022 buscó estimar simuláneamente la proporción de votos para cada candidato teniendo en cuenta las proporciones de voto blanco e indeciso, y trató de proyectar la incertidumbre que hay en cada votación sin romper el techo que mantiene acotadas las proporciones para que nunca sumen menos de cero o más de cien por ciento.</p>
<p>Fracasó: el <strong>Ajiaco</strong> de 2022 quedó aguado. No logró lo que pretendía y cometió muchos errores, algunos imperdonables. El modelo avanzó en el uso de la función correcta, una Dirichlet, pero no usó las observaciones a nivel cada encuesta directamente; además ignoró la varianza muestral, las diferencias por encuestadora y el paso del tiempo. El modelo usó estimaciones de promedios por candidato para simular a cada candidato. El muestreo MCMC era redundante y no había propagación de la incertidumbre como se pensaba. Metodológicamente no fue un modelo predictivo inferencial porque fijaba arbitrariamente el tamaño de muestra (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?N=100">) de resultados de las encuestas existentes.</p>
<p><em>Mea culpa</em>. Estas cosas son dificiles de hacer y se hizo lo que se pudo en 2022. Pero como dice la poeta Rita Doves, el error del pasado al menos nos ayudó a solucionar el problema del presente.</p>
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<span class="screen-reader-only">Advertencia</span>Ajiaco2 cocinado con los ingredientes de 2022
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<p>El modelo corregido se puede aplicar a la primera vuelta de 2022. El resultado Figura&nbsp;4 es similar: Las encuesta no detectaron la subida de Rodolfo Hernandez por la veda.</p>
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-ajiaco-recalentado" class="quarto-float quarto-figure quarto-figure-center anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure"><div aria-describedby="fig-ajiaco-recalentado-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<a href="2026-ajiaco2_files/figure-html/fig-ajiaco-recalentado-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-5" title="Figura&nbsp;4: Ajiaco2 recalentado con los ingredientes de la primera vuelta de 2022"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-28-ajiaco2/2026-ajiaco2_files/figure-html/fig-ajiaco-recalentado-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a>
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-ajiaco-recalentado-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figura&nbsp;4: Ajiaco2 recalentado con los ingredientes de la primera vuelta de 2022
</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section></section><section id="receta-ajiaco2" class="level2"><h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="receta-ajiaco2">Receta <strong>Ajiaco2</strong>
</h2>
<p>El <strong>Ajiaco2</strong> agrega encuestas <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?j"> como un vector de conteos por candidato <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?y_j"> que se modela como un proceso Dirichlet-Multinomial con un tamaño de muestra <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?n_j">, que corresponde a la muestra de cada encuesta.</p>
<p>La lógica del modelo es que existe una distribución de apoyo a los candidatos (las proporciones <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?p">), común a todas las encuestas, y que cada encuesta es una realización ruidosa de esa distribución. Muy similar a los métodos de meta análisis. El parámetro de concentración <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Ckappa"> controla qué tan similares son las encuestas entre sí: valores altos implican encuestas muy parecidas y valores bajos permiten mayor variabilidad. El modelo produce no solo estimaciones de apoyo para cada candidato, sino también simulaciones de resultados de encuestas hipotéticas, lo que permite evaluar la incertidumbre y la coherencia del modelo con los datos observados.</p>
<p>Agárrese que el modelo es complicado pero se puede describir, con ayuda de un LLM para el Latex, de la siguiente manera:</p>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%0A%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BDatos:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;J%20%5Cin%20%5C%7B1,2,%5Cdots%5C%7D,%20%5Cqquad%20K%20%5Cin%20%5C%7B2,3,%5Cdots%5C%7D,%5C%5C%0A&amp;n_j%20%5Cin%20%5C%7B0,1,2,%5Cdots%5C%7D,%20%5Cqquad%0A%5Cmathbf%7BY%7D_j%20=%20(Y_%7Bj1%7D,%5Cdots,Y_%7BjK%7D)%20%5Cin%20%5C%7B0,1,2,%5Cdots%5C%7D%5EK,%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Csum_%7Bk=1%7D%5EK%20Y_%7Bjk%7D%20=%20n_j%20%5Cquad%20%5Ctext%7Bpara%20%7D%20j=1,%5Cdots,J.%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BPar%C3%A1metros:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D=(p_1,%5Cdots,p_K)%20%5Cin%20%5CDelta_%7BK-1%7D,%20%5Cqquad%20%5Ckappa%3E0.%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BPriors:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D%5Csim%5Cmathrm%7BDirichlet%7D(%5Cmathbf%7B1%7D_K),%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Ckappa%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BLogNormal%7D(%5Clog%20200,%5C;0.7).%5C%5C%5B6pt%5D%0A&amp;%5Ctextbf%7BLikelihood:%7D%5C%5C%0A&amp;%5Cmathbf%7BY%7D_j%20%5Cmid%20%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D,%5Ckappa%20%5Csim%20%5Cmathrm%7BDirichlet%5Ctext%7B-%7DMultinomial%7D%0A%5C!%5Cleft(n_j,%5C;%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Calpha%7D%5Cright),%0A%5Cqquad%20%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Calpha%7D=%5Ckappa%5C,%5Cmathbf%7Bp%7D,%20%5Cquad%20j=1,%5Cdots,J.%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D%0A"></p>
</section><section id="modelo" class="level2"><h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="modelo">Modelo</h2>
<p>Abajo se describe el modelo en Stan.</p>
<div class="tabset-margin-container"></div><div class="panel-tabset">
<ul class="nav nav-tabs"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" id="tabset-1-1-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-1" aria-controls="tabset-1-1" aria-selected="true" href="">Stan</a></li></ul>
<div class="tab-content">
<div id="tabset-1-1" class="tab-pane active" aria-labelledby="tabset-1-1-tab">
<div class="cell" data-output.var="ajiaco2">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="sourceCode stan code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode stan"><span id="cb5-1"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">data</span> {</span>
<span id="cb5-2">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>&gt; J;                     <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// encuestas</span></span>
<span id="cb5-3">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>&gt; K;                     <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// candidatos</span></span>
<span id="cb5-4">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; n;            <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// tamaño muestral</span></span>
<span id="cb5-5">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J, K] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; Y;         <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// conteos Y[j, k]</span></span>
<span id="cb5-6">}</span>
<span id="cb5-7"></span>
<span id="cb5-8"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">parameters</span> {</span>
<span id="cb5-9">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">simplex</span>[K] p;                   <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// preferencias pooled</span></span>
<span id="cb5-10">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; kappa;            <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// concentración DM</span></span>
<span id="cb5-11">}</span>
<span id="cb5-12"></span>
<span id="cb5-13"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">model</span> {</span>
<span id="cb5-14">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// priors</span></span>
<span id="cb5-15">  p ~ dirichlet(rep_vector(<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1.0</span>, K));    <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// relativamente débil</span></span>
<span id="cb5-16">  kappa ~ lognormal(log(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">200</span>), <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.7</span>);    <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// centrado en 200</span></span>
<span id="cb5-17"></span>
<span id="cb5-18">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// likelihood</span></span>
<span id="cb5-19">  <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:J) {</span>
<span id="cb5-20">    Y[j] ~ dirichlet_multinomial(kappa * p);</span>
<span id="cb5-21">  }</span>
<span id="cb5-22">}</span>
<span id="cb5-23"></span>
<span id="cb5-24"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">generated quantities</span> {</span>
<span id="cb5-25">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[K] alpha = kappa * to_vector(p);</span>
<span id="cb5-26">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[J, K] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span> Y_rep;              <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// conteos</span></span>
<span id="cb5-27">  <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">for</span> (j <span class="cf" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">in</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>:J) {</span>
<span id="cb5-28">    Y_rep[j] = dirichlet_multinomial_rng(alpha, n[j]);</span>
<span id="cb5-29">  }</span>
<span id="cb5-30">}</span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="estimación" class="level2"><h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="estimación">Estimación</h2>
<p>Usamos <strong><code>cmdstanr</code></strong> para estimar el modelo luego de transformar las proporciones reportadas en las fichas técnicas de las encuestas en conteos sobre la muestra de cada encuesta. Por ejemplo, si un candidato marcó 20% de la intención de voto en una encuesta de 2 000 personas, el conteo es 400.</p>
<p>Luego la maravilla de compiladores se encargan de estimar el modelo.</p>
<p>El muestreo funciona bien:</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb6" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">bayesplot</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/reference/MCMC-traces.html">mcmc_trace</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco2_fit</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">draws</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,  pars <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/vars.html">vars</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"p["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2026-ajiaco2_files/figure-html/traceplot-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-6"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-28-ajiaco2/2026-ajiaco2_files/figure-html/traceplot-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></a></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="resultados" class="level2"><h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="resultados">Resultados</h2>
<p>Ahora miremos los parametros:</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb7" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco2_fit</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">summary</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>variables <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"p"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"kappa"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 7 × 10
  variable    mean  median       sd      mad      q5      q95  rhat ess_bulk
  &lt;chr&gt;      &lt;dbl&gt;   &lt;dbl&gt;    &lt;dbl&gt;    &lt;dbl&gt;   &lt;dbl&gt;    &lt;dbl&gt; &lt;dbl&gt;    &lt;dbl&gt;
1 p[1]      0.375   0.375   0.0141   0.0140   0.352    0.399  1.00    25364.
2 p[2]      0.231   0.231   0.0123   0.0121   0.211    0.252  1.00    19738.
3 p[3]      0.196   0.196   0.0117   0.0117   0.177    0.215  1.00    21774.
4 p[4]      0.0406  0.0403  0.00551  0.00551  0.0320   0.0500 1.00    16067.
5 p[5]      0.0295  0.0293  0.00461  0.00457  0.0223   0.0374 1.000   18235.
6 p[6]      0.128   0.127   0.00958  0.00938  0.112    0.143  1.000   21039.
7 kappa    93.1    92.1    16.6     16.4     67.8    122.     1.00    15470.
# ℹ 1 more variable: ess_tail &lt;dbl&gt;</code></pre>
</div>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2026,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🥑 Ajiaco2},
  date = {2026-01-28},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-28-ajiaco2/2026-ajiaco2.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2026" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2026. <span>“🥑 Ajiaco2.”</span> January 28. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-28-ajiaco2/2026-ajiaco2.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-28-ajiaco2/2026-ajiaco2.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>dirichlet</category>
  <category>probabilístico</category>
  <category>multinomial</category>
  <category>cmdstanr</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-28-ajiaco2/2026-ajiaco2.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Tue, 27 Jan 2026 23:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2026-colombia/2026-01-28-ajiaco2/ajiaco.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="91" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🍰 Postre logístico</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-06-10-postre-2022/2022-postre.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“There is no inference without assumption, but do not choose your assumptions for the sake of inference. Build complex models one piece at a time. Be critical. Be kind.”</em> <br> – <a href="https://xcelab.net/rm/">Richard McElreath</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>El <strong>Postre</strong> 2022 estima qué tan probable es que gane <a href="https://twitter.com/petrogustavo">Gustavo Petro</a>. A diferencia del Ajiaco, el <strong>Postre</strong> solo hace una transformación logística a un modelo sencillo que se puede interpretar como un pronóstico probabilístico para la segunda vuelta.</p>
<p>Veamos cómo se prepara.</p>
<hr>
<section id="postre-logístico-2022" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="postre-logístico-2022">Postre Logístico 2022</h2>
<p>Este nuevo <strong>Postre</strong> recoge la probabilidad de que <a href="https://twitter.com/petrogustavo">Gustavo Petro</a> sea presidente, estimada por el modelo que se describe abajo.</p>
<p>Las probabilidades se obtienen de muchas simulaciones de cada uno de los parámetros del modelo, y luego calcular la mediana de la densidad que resulta de esas simulaciones.</p>
<p>En estas primeras estimaciones la densidad es bimodal, porque las encuestas se contradicen: las telefónicas dan como ganador a Hernandez, mientras que las presenciales dan como ganador a Petro.</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-important callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Importante</span>Carrera apretada, según el modelo basado en las encuestas
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>Segun la más reciente estimación, <a href="https://twitter.com/petrogustavo"><strong>Gustavo Petro</strong></a> tiene más o menos 45% de probabilidad de ganar</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rethinking</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">RColorBrewer</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org">lubridate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/rstan/">rstan</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># ponderador LSV ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lsv_semaforo</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">semaforo</span>,</span>
<span>                          <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"CNC"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7.1</span>,</span>
<span>                          <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Invamer"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,</span>
<span>                          <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"GAD3"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span>,</span>
<span>                          <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"AtlasIntel"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7.5</span>,</span>
<span>                          <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"MassiveCaller"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.6</span>,</span>
<span>                          <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"YanHaas"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.5</span>,</span>
<span>                          <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Guarumo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8.9</span>,</span>
<span>                          <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"TYSE"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.5</span>,</span>
<span>                          <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"CELAG"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Encuestas ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gustavo_petro</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rodolfo_hernandez</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-29"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>gp<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gustavo_petro</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span>,</span>
<span>                rh<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rodolfo_hernandez</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span>,</span>
<span>                encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>dd <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/character.html">as.character</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/now.html">today</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, format<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"%Y-%m-%d"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/character.html">as.character</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, format<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"%Y-%m-%d"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>dd <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dd</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>gp_win <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rh</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                rh_win <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rh</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>tipo_1<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"presencial"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                tipo_2<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"telefonico y presencial"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                tipo_3<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"digital"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Numero de encuestas disponibles</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_disponibles</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-30"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/count.html">tally</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestadoras</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-30"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/n_distinct.html">n_distinct</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Postre ulam Petro ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_ulam_gp</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rethinking</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/rethinking/man/ulam.html">ulam</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">alist</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#modelo</span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Binomial.html">dbinom</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">logit</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dd</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo_1</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#priors</span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">s</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">45</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b1</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b2</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">s</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Cauchy.html">dcauchy</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    N <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_disponibles</span>,</span>
<span>    encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>    muestra <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,</span>
<span>    dd <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dd</span>,</span>
<span>    tipo_1 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo_1</span>,</span>
<span>    gp<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  control<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>adapt_delta<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.96</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  iter<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5000</span>, </span>
<span>  warmup<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1000</span>, </span>
<span>  chains<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>, </span>
<span>  cores<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  log_lik<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Postre ulam Hernandez ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_ulam_rh</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rethinking</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/rethinking/man/ulam.html">ulam</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">alist</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#modelo</span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rh</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Binomial.html">dbinom</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">logit</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dd</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo_1</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#priors</span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">s</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b1</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b2</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">s</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Cauchy.html">dcauchy</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    N <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_disponibles</span>,</span>
<span>    encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>    muestra <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,</span>
<span>    dd <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dd</span>,</span>
<span>    tipo_1 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo_1</span>,</span>
<span>    rh<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rh</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  control<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>adapt_delta<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.96</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  iter<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5000</span>, </span>
<span>  warmup<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1000</span>, </span>
<span>  chains<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>, </span>
<span>  cores<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  log_lik<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rethinking</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">RColorBrewer</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Estimar prob 50% para incluir en grafico </span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prob_win_gp</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_ulam_gp</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rethinking</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/rethinking/man/link.html">link</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>n<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20000</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/as_tibble.html">as_tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/everything.html">everything</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"poll_n"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"estimate"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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<span>                   p90 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/rethinking/man/link.html">link</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarize</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/median.html">median</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   p10 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   p90 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#postre logis</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">postre2022_ulam_gp</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/rethinking/man/link.html">link</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/as_tibble.html">as_tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/everything.html">everything</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"estimate"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_density.html">geom_density</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,fill<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#800080"</span>,color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"grey60"</span>, alpha<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_abline.html">geom_vline</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>xintercept <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">prob_win_gp</span>, color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gold"</span>, linetype<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"dashed"</span>, size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/annotate.html">annotate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.38</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,</span>
<span>           color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#800080"</span>,</span>
<span>           label<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Probabilidad de ganar: "</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-postre_files/figure-html/postre2022-gp-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-1" title="Postre logístico 2022 para Gustavo Petro"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-06-10-postre-2022/2022-postre_files/figure-html/postre2022-gp-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Postre logístico 2022 para Gustavo Petro"></a></p>
<figcaption>Postre logístico 2022 para Gustavo Petro</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="ingredientes" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ingredientes">Ingredientes</h2>
<p>Los únicos ingredientes de esta receta son las encuestas que han salido desde la primera vuelta. Como <em>priors</em> se toman los promedios y desviaciones estándar de cada candidato.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">"Fecha: 2022-05-21"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas disponibles: "</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<table class="table" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;border-bottom: 0;">
<caption>
Priors por candidato
</caption>
<thead><tr>
<th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Candidato
</th>
<th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmu_%7Bt%7D">
</th>
<th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csigma_%7Bt%7D">
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 255) !important;">
Gustavo Petro
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 255) !important;">
45.0
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 255) !important;">
2.5
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(247, 190, 10, 255) !important;">
Rodolfo Hernandez
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(247, 190, 10, 255) !important;">
46.6
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(247, 190, 10, 255) !important;">
5.9
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup>1</sup> Fecha: 2022-05-21
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup>2</sup> Encuestas disponibles: 13
</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
<p>Postre 2022: Priors</p>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="receta" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="receta">Receta</h2>
<p>El <strong>Postre</strong> modela directamente las encuestas como una distribución binomial donde cada encuesta es un ensayo:</p>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%20N%5E%7BPetro%7D_i%20%5Csim%20%5Ctextrm%7BBinomial%7D(Muestra_i,%20%5Cpi%5E%7BPetro%7D_i)%20"> donde <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?N_i"> es la muestra de cada encuesta y <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cpi%5E%7BPetro%7D_i"> es la proporción de la intención de voto para Petro. La proporción de intención de voto <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cpi%5E%7BPetro%7D_i"> se determina a través de una función logística (<em>log-link function</em>) y, como es costumbre en este recetario, efectos aleatorios por encuestadora, la duración entre la encuesta y la estimación y una <em>dummy</em> para el tipo de encuestas (i.e.&nbsp;telefónica, presencial) así:</p>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Ctextrm%7Blogit%7D%20(%5Cpi%5E%7BPetro%7D_i)%20=%20%5Calpha_%7Bencuestadora%7D%20+%20%5Cbeta_1*duracion%20+%20%5Cbeta_2*tipo"> <br></p>
</section><section id="preparación" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="preparación">Preparación</h2>
<p><br> Este es el postre completo, con los <em>priors</em> del caso: <br><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%20N%5E%7BPetro%7D_i%20%5Csim%20%5Ctextrm%7BBinomial%7D(N_i,%20%5Cpi%5E%7BPetro%7D_i)%20"> <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Ctextrm%7Blogit%7D%20(%5Cpi%5E%7BPetro%7D_i)%20=%20%5Calpha_%7Bencuestadora%7D%20+%20%5Cbeta_1*duracion%20+%20%5Cbeta_2*tipo"> <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csmall%5Calpha_%7Bencuestadora%7D%20%5Csim%20Normal(%5Calpha,%5Csigma)%20"> <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csmall%5Calpha%20%5Csim%20Normal(44,%205)%20"> <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csmall%5Cbeta%20%5Csim%20Normal(0,%205)%20"> <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csmall%5Csigma%20%5Csim%20HalfCauchy(0,5)%20"> <br></p>
</section><section id="estimación-con-ulam" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="estimación-con-ulam">Estimación con ulam</h2>
<p>El modelo estimado con ulam de McElreath a continuación: <br></p>
<div class="cell" data-fig.capt="Postre 2022 en ulam">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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<span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Modelo logístico en map2stan:</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Cauchy.html">dcauchy</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    N <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_disponibles</span>,</span>
<span>    encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>    muestra <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,</span>
<span>    dd <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dd</span>,</span>
<span>    tipo_1 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo_1</span>,</span>
<span>    gp<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre2022_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  control<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>adapt_delta<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.96</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  iter<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1e4</span>, </span>
<span>  warmup<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1000</span>, </span>
<span>  chains<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>, </span>
<span>  cores<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  log_lik<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2022,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🍰 Postre logístico},
  date = {2022-06-05},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-06-10-postre-2022/2022-postre.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2022" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2022. <span>“🍰 Postre logístico.”</span> June 5.
<a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-06-10-postre-2022/2022-postre.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-06-10-postre-2022/2022-postre.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>logístico</category>
  <category>probabilidad</category>
  <category>pronósticos</category>
  <category>elecciones</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-06-10-postre-2022/2022-postre.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sat, 04 Jun 2022 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-06-10-postre-2022/postre2022.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="83" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>☕ Café post-electoral</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-31-cafe-2022/2022-cafe.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“Everything is obvious –once you know the answer”</em> <br> –Duncan Watts</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Lista la primera vuelta: <a href="https://twitter.com/petrogustavo">Gustavo Petro</a> obtuvo 40% de la votación, seguido por la sorpresa de la jornada <a href="https://twitter.com/ingrodolfohdez">Rodolfo Hernández</a> con 28%. <a href="https://twitter.com/FicoGutierrez">Federico Gutierrez</a> obtuvo 25%, y <a href="https://twitter.com/sergio_fajardo">Sergio Fajardo</a> 4%.</p>
<p>Aplicando la fórmula de <strong>🥇 Recetas Abiertas</strong>, todas las recetas que ponderaron más el pasado inmediato tuvieron relativamente un mejor desempeño. De las 8 recetas incluídas en el Sancocho 2022 a las que mejor les fue: En primera vuelta, un promedio simple sin ponderacion de las encuestas y <strong>La Silla Vacia</strong><sup>1</sup> tuvieron el mejor desempeño, y en segunda vuelta un modelo ensamble de <a href="https://twitter.com/PoliticaConDato"><span class="citation" data-cites="PoliticaConDato">@PoliticaConDato</span></a>.</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-important no-icon callout-empty-content callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon no-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Importante</span>Con base en los resultados del escrutinio y solo teniendon en cuenta lo <em>pronósticos abiertos y documentados</em>, La Silla Vacia hizo el mejor pronóstico en la 1<sup>era</sup> vuelta y <span class="citation" data-cites="PoliConDato">@PoliConDato</span> en la 2<sup>da</sup> vuelta
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">

</div>
</div>
<div class="tabset-margin-container"></div><div class="panel-tabset">
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" id="tabset-1-1-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-1" aria-controls="tabset-1-1" aria-selected="true" href="">Primera vuelta</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="tabset-1-2-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-2" aria-controls="tabset-1-2" aria-selected="false" href="">Segunda vuelta</a></li>
</ul>
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<div id="tabset-1-1" class="tab-pane active" aria-labelledby="tabset-1-1-tab">
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://plotly-r.com">plotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Parametros ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">shape_cafe_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@PoliticaConDato"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@ColombiaRisk"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Simple 2022"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Mixto 2022"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ajiaco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El Pais"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@calc_electoral"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NULL</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colors_cafe_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"purple3"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@PoliticaConDato"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blue"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@ColombiaRisk"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gold2"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Simple 2022"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"orangered"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Mixto 2022"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"orangered"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ajiaco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"orangered"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El Pais"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"green4"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"darkturquoise"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@calc_electoral"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"royalblue2"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#ff4800"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Cafe plot ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cafe_2022_plot</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-31-cafe-2022"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sancocho_resultados.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Round.html">round</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>                 color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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<span>             size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_linerange.html">geom_errorbar</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;"># Resultados</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_bar.html">geom_col</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span>data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado "</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">": "</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Round.html">round</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>, digits <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">" %"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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<span>           alpha<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.4</span>, fill<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#ff4800"</span>, show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>legend.position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"none"</span>,</span>
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;"># ggplotly ####</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Cafe post electoral 2022 - Primara vuelta'</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;'</span>,</span>
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<span>                                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Pronosticos (puntos) vs Resultados (barra)'</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;/sup&gt;'</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-cb34ec4c126ab789fbe2" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
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Vacia","legendgroup":"La Silla Vacia","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[25.058455396183415,35.73068404850725,10.343553105586476,9.1780296795593106],"y":[2.1666666666666665,4.166666666666667,3.1666666666666665,1.1666666666666667],"text":["Estimado por:  Mixto 2022 <br />Valor estimado:  25.06  %","Estimado por:  Mixto 2022 <br />Valor estimado:  35.73  %","Estimado por:  Mixto 2022 <br />Valor estimado:  10.34  %","Estimado por:  Mixto 2022 <br />Valor estimado:  9.18  %"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(255,69,0,1)","opacity":1,"size":15.118110236220474,"symbol":"circle","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(255,69,0,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"Mixto 2022","legendgroup":"Mixto 2022","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[25.665874806578948,35.735599357894735,10.339032492499999,9.8618817190384593],"y":[2.2222222222222223,4.2222222222222223,3.2222222222222223,1.2222222222222223],"text":["Estimado por:  Simple 2022 <br />Valor estimado:  25.67  %","Estimado por:  Simple 2022 <br />Valor estimado:  35.74  %","Estimado por:  Simple 2022 <br />Valor estimado:  10.34  %","Estimado por:  Simple 2022 <br />Valor estimado:  9.86  %"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(255,69,0,1)","opacity":1,"size":15.118110236220474,"symbol":"square","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(255,69,0,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"Simple 2022","legendgroup":"Simple 2022","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[43.100000000000001,24.899999999999999,5.7000000000000002,22.300000000000001],"y":[3.7777777777777777,1.7777777777777777,0.77777777777777779,2.7777777777777777],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[10.799999999999997,7.8999999999999986,3.7999999999999998,7.3999999999999986],"arrayminus":[10.399999999999999,7.2999999999999972,2.8000000000000003,6.5],"type":"data","width":0.17503555409692531,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(67,110,238,1)"},"name":"(@calc_electoral,1)","legendgroup":"(@calc_electoral,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[34.990000000000002,19.239999999999998,7.4900000000000002,12.460000000000001],"y":[3.8333333333333335,1.8333333333333333,0.83333333333333326,2.8333333333333335],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[null,null,null,null],"arrayminus":[null,null,null,null],"type":"data","width":0.17503555409692531,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(238,201,0,1)"},"name":"(@ColombiaRisk,1)","legendgroup":"(@ColombiaRisk,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[25.2790931381424,41.457940128336098,17.919197722153399,6.0758792543432403],"y":[1.8888888888888888,3.8888888888888888,2.8888888888888888,0.88888888888888884],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[null,null,null,null],"arrayminus":[null,null,null,null],"type":"data","width":0.17503555409692531,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(0,139,0,1)"},"name":"(@JorgeGalindo El Pais,1)","legendgroup":"(@JorgeGalindo El Pais,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[40.806956958628,27.362386086724602,17.943754920910699,9.6008788551978093],"y":[3.9444444444444446,1.9444444444444444,2.9444444444444446,0.94444444444444442],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[3.5930430413719989,4.4376139132753991,7.556245079089301,2.09912114480219],"arrayminus":[3.8069569586279997,4.2623860867246002,3.0437549209106987,3.7008788551978089],"type":"data","width":0.17503555409692531,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(0,0,255,1)"},"name":"(@PoliticaConDato,1)","legendgroup":"(@PoliticaConDato,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[36,24,8,14],"y":[4,2,1,3],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[9,8,5,7],"arrayminus":[8,7,4,5],"type":"data","width":0.17503555409692531,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(255,69,0,1)"},"name":"(Ajiaco,1)","legendgroup":"(Ajiaco,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[25.293333333333333,39.524999999999999,23.6755,7.9696296296296296],"y":[2.0555555555555554,4.0555555555555554,3.0555555555555554,1.0555555555555556],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[6.3066666666666684,8.0750000000000028,31.724499999999999,4.3303703703703711],"arrayminus":[6.293333333333333,8.0249999999999986,16.1755,3.9696296296296296],"type":"data","width":0.17503555409692531,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(125,38,205,1)"},"name":"(Encuestas,1)","legendgroup":"(Encuestas,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[39,25,5,20],"y":[4.1111111111111107,2.1111111111111112,1.1111111111111112,3.1111111111111112],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[null,null,null,null],"arrayminus":[null,null,null,null],"type":"data","width":0.17503555409692531,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(0,206,209,1)"},"name":"(La Silla Vacia,1)","legendgroup":"(La Silla Vacia,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[25.058455396183415,35.73068404850725,10.343553105586476,9.1780296795593106],"y":[2.1666666666666665,4.166666666666667,3.1666666666666665,1.1666666666666667],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[5.1735658038165795,5.5153936954927474,2.3993829348135254,1.9802866544406896],"arrayminus":[5.8983353405834116,3.2154588705072555,1.6673744000864765,2.2870727387593117],"type":"data","width":0.17503555409692531,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(255,69,0,1)"},"name":"(Mixto 2022,1)","legendgroup":"(Mixto 2022,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[25.665874806578948,35.735599357894735,10.339032492499999,9.8618817190384593],"y":[2.2222222222222223,4.2222222222222223,3.2222222222222223,1.2222222222222223],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[4.1269251934210516,5.1369106421052706,2.2207675074999997,1.5401282809615413],"arrayminus":[4.3383748065789476,3.2194993578947333,1.5612254924999984,1.9949957190384593],"type":"data","width":0.17503555409692531,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(255,69,0,1)"},"name":"(Simple 2022,1)","legendgroup":"(Simple 2022,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"orientation":"h","width":[0.90000000000000036,0.90000000000000013,0.89999999999999991,0.90000000000000036],"base":[0,0,0,0],"x":[39.840000000000003,23.640000000000001,4.1299999999999999,27.82],"y":[4,2,1,3],"text":["Resultado Gustavo Petro: 39.84  %","Resultado Federico Gutierrez: 23.64  %","Resultado Sergio Fajardo: 4.13  %","Resultado Rodolfo Hernandez: 27.82  %"],"type":"bar","textposition":"none","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(255,72,0,0.4)","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"transparent"}},"showlegend":false,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null}],"layout":{"margin":{"t":40.840182648401829,"r":7.3059360730593621,"b":25.570776255707766,"l":142.46575342465755},"plot_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","paper_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724},"title":{"text":"Cafe post electoral 2022 - Primara vuelta<br><sup>Pronosticos (puntos) vs Resultados (barra)<\/sup>","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":17.534246575342465},"x":0,"xref":"paper"},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[-2.77,58.170000000000002],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["0","20","40"],"tickvals":[0,20,40],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["0","20","40"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"","tickcolor":null,"ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0,"showticklabels":false,"tickfont":{"color":null,"family":null,"size":0},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176002,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"y","title":{"text":"<br />% Votos validos vs % Votos estimados","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[0.40000000000000002,4.5999999999999996],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["Sergio Fajardo","Federico Gutierrez","Rodolfo Hernandez","Gustavo Petro"],"tickvals":[1,2,3,4],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["Sergio Fajardo","Federico Gutierrez","Rodolfo Hernandez","Gustavo Petro"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176002,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":{"text":"","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[],"showlegend":false,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.8897637795275593,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"911425034c3f":{"x":{},"y":{},"shape":{},"text":{},"colour":{},"type":"scatter"},"911478f733bb":{"x":{},"y":{},"ymax":{},"ymin":{},"colour":{}},"911481d669a":{"x":{},"y":{},"text":{}}},"cur_data":"911425034c3f","visdat":{"911425034c3f":["function (y) ","x"],"911478f733bb":["function (y) ","x"],"911481d669a":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Café post electoral 2022 - Primera vuelta</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://plotly-r.com">plotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># parametros ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">shape_cafe_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@PoliticaConDato"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@ColombiaRisk"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Simple 2022"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Mixto 2022"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ajiaco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El Pais"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@calc_electoral"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@Scalvo25"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NULL</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colors_cafe_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"purple3"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@PoliticaConDato"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blue"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@ColombiaRisk"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gold2"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Simple 2022"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"orangered"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Mixto 2022"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"orangered"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ajiaco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"orangered"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El Pais"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"green4"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"darkturquoise"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@calc_electoral"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"royalblue2"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@Scalvo25"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gold2"</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#ff4800"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org">lubridate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Encuestas 2022 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2022</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 0. Resultado 2da vuelta ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_2da_vuelta_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50.44</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47.31</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 1. Base: promedio de las encuestas ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2da_vuelta_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Filter despues de consultas </span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-29"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Seleccionar candidatos que encabezan las encuestas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">otros</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Pivotear los datos</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blanco"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"otros"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                      names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Promedios</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>pronostico <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   high <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">max</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   low <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">min</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blanco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"otros"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Otros candidatos"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>                <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 4. El País ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">elpais_2da_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JorgeGalindo/co-elect-2022/main/promedio_evol_2av.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/slice.html">slice_tail</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>n<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gustavo_petro</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rodolfo_hernandez</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/everything.html">everything</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>,values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pronostico"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El Pais"</span>,</span>
<span>                nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span></span>
<span>                                    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>                <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 5. La Silla Vacia ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lsv_2022_2da</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47.2</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">46.5</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 6. PoliticaConDato ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">politicacondato_2da_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">48.3</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">54.1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">44.8</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47.3</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50.7</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">41.4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@PoliticaConDato"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 8. Calculo Electoral ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calculo_electoral_2da_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">48</span>,<span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span>,<span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47.3</span>,<span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span>,<span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span></span>
<span>                     <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@calc_electoral"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 9 Sergio Calvo</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sergio_calvo_2da_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">48.19</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50.83</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">44.36</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47.69</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">53.98</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">40.24</span></span>
<span>                     <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@Scalvo25"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Preparar cafe 2da vuelta ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cafe2022_2da_vuelta</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/bind_rows.html">bind_rows</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_2da_vuelta_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2da_vuelta_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">elpais_2da_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lsv_2022_2da</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">politicacondato_2da_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sergio_calvo_2da_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calculo_electoral_2da_2022</span></span>
<span>                             <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>, levels<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,levels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El Pais"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@PoliticaConDato"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@calc_electoral"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@Scalvo25"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Cafe 2nda vuelta ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cafe2022_2da_vuelta_plot</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cafe2022_2da_vuelta</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_detect.html">str_detect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Blanco|Otros"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/reorder.factor.html">reorder</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/desc.html">desc</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,</span>
<span>                 text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Candidato: '</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Estimacion: '</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Round.html">round</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>, digits<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Cocinero: '</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>             position<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/position_dodge.html">position_dodge</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_linerange.html">geom_errorbar</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,ymax<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>,ymin<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/position_dodge.html">position_dodge</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,width<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span>, show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Resultados</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_bar.html">geom_col</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>           <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado "</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">": "</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Round.html">round</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>, digits <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Cafe post electoral 2022 - Segunda vuelta'</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;'</span>,</span>
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<span>                                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-6d7e6af1ee0f2e7a6fa4" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
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Encuestas"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(125,38,205,1)","opacity":1,"size":15.118110236220474,"symbol":"triangle-down-open","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(125,38,205,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"Encuestas","legendgroup":"Encuestas","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[50.439999999999998,47.310000000000002],"y":[1.7857142857142856,0.7857142857142857],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[null,null],"arrayminus":[null,null],"type":"data","width":0.37507618735055653,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(255,72,0,1)"},"name":"(Resultado,1)","legendgroup":"(Resultado,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[47.214192299659715,46.925510511320894],"y":[1.8571428571428572,0.85714285714285721],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[null,null],"arrayminus":[null,null],"type":"data","width":0.37507618735055653,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(0,139,0,1)"},"name":"(@JorgeGalindo El Pais,1)","legendgroup":"(@JorgeGalindo El Pais,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[47.200000000000003,46.5],"y":[1.9285714285714286,0.9285714285714286],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[null,null],"arrayminus":[null,null],"type":"data","width":0.37507618735055653,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(0,206,209,1)"},"name":"(La Silla Vacia,1)","legendgroup":"(La Silla Vacia,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[48.299999999999997,47.299999999999997],"y":[2,1],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[5.8000000000000043,3.4000000000000057],"arrayminus":[3.5,5.8999999999999986],"type":"data","width":0.37507618735055409,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(0,0,255,1)"},"name":"(@PoliticaConDato,1)","legendgroup":"(@PoliticaConDato,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[48,47.299999999999997],"y":[2.0714285714285716,1.0714285714285714],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[null,null],"arrayminus":[null,null],"type":"data","width":0.37507618735055409,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(67,110,238,1)"},"name":"(@calc_electoral,1)","legendgroup":"(@calc_electoral,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[48.189999999999998,47.689999999999998],"y":[2.1428571428571428,1.1428571428571428],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[-3.8299999999999983,-7.4499999999999957],"arrayminus":[-2.6400000000000006,-6.2899999999999991],"type":"data","width":0.37507618735055409,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(238,201,0,1)"},"name":"(@Scalvo25,1)","legendgroup":"(@Scalvo25,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[44.979230769230767,46.552307692307693],"y":[2.2142857142857144,1.2142857142857144],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","opacity":1,"line":{"color":"transparent"},"error_x":{"array":[2.6207692307692341,8.8476923076923057],"arrayminus":[5.9792307692307674,11.552307692307693],"type":"data","width":0.37507618735055409,"symmetric":false,"color":"rgba(125,38,205,1)"},"name":"(Encuestas,1)","legendgroup":"(Encuestas,1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"orientation":"h","width":[0.90000000000000013,0.89999999999999991],"base":[0,0],"x":[50.439999999999998,47.310000000000002],"y":[2,1],"text":["Resultado Gustavo Petro: 50.44  %","Resultado Rodolfo Hernandez: 47.31  %"],"type":"bar","textposition":"none","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(0,255,255,0.4)","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"transparent"}},"showlegend":false,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null}],"layout":{"margin":{"t":40.840182648401829,"r":7.3059360730593621,"b":25.570776255707766,"l":135.15981735159818},"plot_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","paper_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724},"title":{"text":"Cafe post electoral 2022 - Segunda vuelta<br><sup>Pronosticos (puntos) vs Resultados (barra)<\/sup>","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":17.534246575342465},"x":0,"xref":"paper"},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[-2.77,58.170000000000002],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["0","20","40"],"tickvals":[0,20,40],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["0","20","40"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"","tickcolor":null,"ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0,"showticklabels":false,"tickfont":{"color":null,"family":null,"size":0},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176002,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"y","title":{"text":"<br />% votos pronosticados/estimados por candidato","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[0.40000000000000002,2.6000000000000001],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["Rodolfo Hernandez","Gustavo Petro"],"tickvals":[1,2],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["Rodolfo Hernandez","Gustavo Petro"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176002,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":{"text":"","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[],"showlegend":false,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.8897637795275593,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"91145d89760b":{"x":{},"y":{},"shape":{},"text":{},"colour":{},"type":"scatter"},"9114305862a7":{"x":{},"y":{},"colour":{},"ymax":{},"ymin":{}},"911422093325":{"x":{},"y":{},"text":{}}},"cur_data":"91145d89760b","visdat":{"91145d89760b":["function (y) ","x"],"9114305862a7":["function (y) ","x"],"911422093325":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Café post electoral 2022 - Segunda vuelta</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<section id="sirvió-el-de-encuestadoras-de-la-silla-vacía" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="sirvió-el-de-encuestadoras-de-la-silla-vacía">¿Sirvió el 🚦 de encuestadoras de La Silla Vacía?</h2>
<p>El <a href="https://www.lasillavacia.com/historias/silla-nacional/el-semaforo-de-las-encuestadoras-actualizado-de-cara-a-primera-vuelta/">semáforo</a> es una evaluación <em>ex ante</em> del desempeño de las encuestadoras basado en algunos atributos deseables, como la transparencia de publicación y la precisión en pasadas elecciones. Fue un insumo también para el ejercicio de promedios ponderados de <a href="https://twitter.com/JorgeGalindo"><code>@JorgeGalindo</code></a>.</p>
<p>¿Qué poder predictivo tuvo el semáforo? ¿Realmente las encuestadoras con mejor puntaje fueron las más precisas? Usando la misma fórmula de evaluación de las recetas, abajo se muestra la relación entre el score de cada encuestadora y el semáforo para la primera y segunda vuelta.</p>
<p>El semáforo fue un muy buen predictor de los sesgos <em>polling house</em> excepto para las encuestadoras más precisas: <a href="https://twitter.com/AtlasIntel_es">AtlasIntel</a> en primera vuelta y <a href="https://twitter.com/GAD3_com">GAD3</a> en segunda vuelta. Es claro que el semáforo le da un puntaje muy bajo a las mejores encuestadoras y muy alto a otras que tal vez no lo merecen.</p>
<p>En el futuro, el semáforo podría tener en cuenta que hay mucha variabilidad interna entre las encuestas que hace cada encuestadora.</p>
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<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org">lubridate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">RColorBrewer</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://plotly-r.com">plotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggrepel.slowkow.com/">ggrepel</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Encuestas ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2022</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Parametros ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">shape_entrada_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">22</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colors_entrada_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alejandro Gaviria"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">205</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">31</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">161</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">46</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Juan Manuel Galan"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">213</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">48</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">62</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">185</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alex Char"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">228</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">120</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"David Barguil"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">97</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">169</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Peñalosa"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">139</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">139</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Oscar I. Zuluaga"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">144</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">128</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">128</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">247</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">190</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Resultado 1era vuelta ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_1era_vuelta_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39.84</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23.64</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4.13</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">27.82</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Encuestadoras ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">semaforo_1era_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">otros</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,merror<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">margen_error</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blanco"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"otros"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                      names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>e_max <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,</span>
<span>                e_min <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,</span>
<span>                fecha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span></span>
<span>                                    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                order_colors <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/between.html">between</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                        <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Start</span></span>
<span>                        <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-13"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                        <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#End</span></span>
<span>                        <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-28"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarize</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>promedio_encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>, na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                max_encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">max</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>, na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                min_encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">min</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>, na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>pronostico<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">promedio_encuestadora</span>,high<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">max_encuestadora</span>,low<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">min_encuestadora</span>,plato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Join resultados </span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_1era_vuelta_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>Resultado<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"nombres"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Distancia media pronostico-resultado</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>evaluacion <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/MathFun.html">abs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">Resultado</span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarize</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>score <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html">sum</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">evaluacion</span>, na.rm <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Join semaforo</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">semaforo</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Invamer"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"CNC"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8.1</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Guarumo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7.2</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"TYSE"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.7</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"YanHaas"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.2</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"CELAG"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4.7</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"AtlasIntel"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3.5</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"MassiveCaller"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2.5</span></span>
<span>                           <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"plato"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Plot</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">semaforo</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">score</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-b82f290ff49dec31f621" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
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Semáforo La Silla Vacía","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[6.879008566279694,36.955857674524289],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["10","20","30"],"tickvals":[10,20,30],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["10","20","30"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176002,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":{"text":"Score evaluación resultados","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[],"showlegend":false,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.8897637795275593,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"9114613c23a6":{"x":{},"y":{},"text":{},"colour":{},"fill":{},"shape":{},"type":"scatter"},"9114114d46d6":{"x":{},"y":{},"label":{}},"9114132d6e02":{"x":{},"y":{}}},"cur_data":"9114613c23a6","visdat":{"9114613c23a6":["function (y) ","x"],"9114114d46d6":["function (y) ","x"],"9114132d6e02":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Café post electoral: Evaluación del semáforo de La Silla Vacía</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="tabset-2-2" class="tab-pane" aria-labelledby="tabset-2-2-tab">
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org">lubridate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">RColorBrewer</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggrepel.slowkow.com/">ggrepel</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Resultado 1era vuelta ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_2da_vuelta_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50.44</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47.31</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Encuestadoras ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">semaforo_2da_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">otros</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,merror<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">margen_error</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blanco"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"otros"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                      names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>e_max <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,</span>
<span>                e_min <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,</span>
<span>                fecha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span></span>
<span>                                    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                order_colors <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/between.html">between</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                        <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Start</span></span>
<span>                        <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-29"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                        <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#End</span></span>
<span>                        <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-06-20"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarize</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>promedio_encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>, na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                max_encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">max</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>, na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                min_encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">min</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>, na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>pronostico<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">promedio_encuestadora</span>,high<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">max_encuestadora</span>,low<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">min_encuestadora</span>,plato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Join resultados </span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_2da_vuelta_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>Resultado<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"nombres"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Distancia media pronostico-resultado</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>evaluacion <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/MathFun.html">abs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">Resultado</span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarize</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>score <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html">sum</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">evaluacion</span>, na.rm <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Join semaforo</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">semaforo</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Invamer"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"CNC"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7.1</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"GAD3"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Guarumo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"TYSE"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.5</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"YanHaas"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.3</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"CELAG"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.1</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"AtlasIntel"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7.5</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"MassiveCaller"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3.5</span></span>
<span>                           </span>
<span>                           <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"plato"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Plot</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">semaforo</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">score</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>               text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestadora: "</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"\nScore Recetas Electorales: "</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Round.html">round</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">score</span>, digits <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"\nPuntaje Semaforo La Silla Vacia: "</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">semaforo</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>               color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>, fill<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>, shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>             show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggrepel</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggrepel.slowkow.com/reference/geom_text_repel.html">geom_text_repel</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>label<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_smooth.html">geom_smooth</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>method<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"lm"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>legend.position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"none"</span>,</span>
<span>        legend.title <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_blank</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>        legend.key<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-849474d63de0553592e9" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
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Semáforo La Silla Vacía","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[-3.3337492516207363,23.569837534223979],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["0","5","10","15","20"],"tickvals":[0,5,10,15.000000000000002,20],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["0","5","10","15","20"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176002,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":{"text":"Score evaluación resultados","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[],"showlegend":false,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.8897637795275593,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"91143689aa5":{"x":{},"y":{},"text":{},"colour":{},"fill":{},"shape":{},"type":"scatter"},"91148da36d0":{"x":{},"y":{},"label":{}},"91142a992ff0":{"x":{},"y":{}}},"cur_data":"91143689aa5","visdat":{"91143689aa5":["function (y) ","x"],"91148da36d0":["function (y) ","x"],"91142a992ff0":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Café post electoral: Evaluación del semáforo de La Silla Vacía en 2da vuelta</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="ñapa-del-trabajo-con-linterna-verde" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ñapa-del-trabajo-con-linterna-verde">Ñapa del trabajo con <a href="https://www.linternaverde.org/"><em>Linterna Verde</em></a>
</h2>
<p>Gracias al equipo de <a href="https://www.linternaverde.org/">Linterna Verde</a>, fue posible analizar algunas de las más populares encuestas hechas en Twitter sobre las elecciones.</p>
<p>Estas encuestas son un reflejo directo de lo que dicen y piensan los seguidores de estas populares cuentas, por lo que se espera que tengan una distancia abismal con la realidad. Al final del día, es mejor tener una muestra bien tomada de 2 000 ciudadanos que cientos de miles de respuestas digitales que representan poco más que el perfil de seguidores de una cuenta de Twitter.</p>
<p>Abajo se muestra algo que faltó en el primer análisis: el resultado de las elecciones. Además, gracias a la gráfica interactiva, se puede ver cada uno de los puntos en detalle.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb5" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Packages ####</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mjskay.github.io/ggdist/">ggdist</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://wilkelab.org/ggridges/">ggridges</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">RColorBrewer</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://gganimate.com">gganimate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://plotly-r.com">plotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Load data ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">twitter_polls</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-31-cafe-2022"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"linterna_verde"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"df_polls_procesados.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">twitter_posts</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-31-cafe-2022"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"linterna_verde"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"df_posts_procesados.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Wrangle ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">twitter_linterna</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> </span>
<span>  <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">twitter_polls</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Join handle and name</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">inner_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">twitter_posts</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">twitter_id</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">post_id</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">name</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">handle</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">followers</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"status_id"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"post_id"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Count choices in each poll</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">poll_id</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>poll_id_simple <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/context.html">cur_group_id</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">ungroup</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">poll_id_simple</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>poll_choices <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/context.html">n</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Keep same choices: All 4 candidates to the 1st round</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">poll_choices</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">label_estandar</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/match.html">%in%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutiérrez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernández"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Create percentage poll results</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>result <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">votes</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html">sum</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">votes</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Round.html">round</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>digits<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                poll_responses <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html">sum</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">votes</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>label_estandar <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">label_estandar</span>, levels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutiérrez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernández"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">ungroup</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Result 1: Twitter vs La realidad ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">twitter_vs_realidad</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> </span>
<span>  <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">twitter_linterna</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>label_estandar <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_detect.html">str_detect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">label_estandar</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                           <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_detect.html">str_detect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">label_estandar</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fede"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                           <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_detect.html">str_detect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">label_estandar</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fajardo"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                           <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_detect.html">str_detect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">label_estandar</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Petro"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>   <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>label_estandar <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">label_estandar</span>, levels<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># PLOT</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">label_estandar</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/reorder.factor.html">reorder</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/desc.html">desc</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">label_estandar</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">result</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/coord_flip.html">coord_flip</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_abline.html">geom_hline</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>yintercept <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">40</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">60</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">70</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">80</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">90</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,alpha<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.4</span>, linetype<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"dashed"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_boxplot.html">geom_boxplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fill<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">label_estandar</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,alpha<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span>, show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Twitter</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">poll_responses</span>,</span>
<span>                 text<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Cuenta:"</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">handle</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"&lt;br&gt;Nombre:"</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">name</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"&lt;br&gt;Seguidores:"</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">followers</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"&lt;br&gt;Resultado:"</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Round.html">round</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">result</span>, digits <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">" %"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                 color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">label_estandar</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, alpha<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.4</span>,shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span>, position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"jitter"</span>, show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Resultados</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-31-cafe-2022"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sancocho_resultados.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>               <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,label_estandar<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,result<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>               <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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<span>             <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"Promedio Encuestas "</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">label_estandar</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Round.html">round</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">" %"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"red2"</span>, size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">8</span>, shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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<span>  </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/labs.html">labs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado poll Twitter/Encuestas: % votos para cada candidato"</span>,</span>
<span>       x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
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<span>       title <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas en Twitter vs Realidad"</span>,</span>
<span>       subtitle <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Distribucion de resultados Polls en Twitter (N = 546)\nEncuestas con muestreo probabilistico (circulo rojo) (N = 27)\nResultado primera vuelta (triangulo verde)"</span>,</span>
<span>       caption <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fuente: @RecetaElectoral basado en datos recuperados por @linterna y resultados electorales"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_manual.html">scale_fill_manual</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>values<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_manual.html">scale_color_manual</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>values<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"forestgreen"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggtheme.html">theme_classic</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>legend.position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"none"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># ggplotly</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">plotly</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/plotly/man/ggplotly.html">ggplotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">twitter_vs_realidad</span>, tooltip <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"text"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
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Edward Aaron Calle <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: jossegregory <br>Nombre: Gяεgσяισ Vαяgαs <br>Seguidores: 21597 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: estadisticas_co <br>Nombre: Solo Estadisticas <br>Seguidores: 6384 <br>Resultado: 88.19  %","Cuenta: rodgar11 <br>Nombre: rodgar1 <br>Seguidores: 2394 <br>Resultado: 6.52  %","Cuenta: ankara300 <br>Nombre: ANKARA <br>Seguidores: 7746 <br>Resultado: 69.12  %","Cuenta: enterate_bogota <br>Nombre: Entérate Bogotá <br>Seguidores: 1967 <br>Resultado: 84.21  %","Cuenta: encuestascolo11 <br>Nombre: enpocol <br>Seguidores: 603 <br>Resultado: 85.95  %","Cuenta: bucaranotas <br>Nombre: NotasBucara <br>Seguidores: 2215 <br>Resultado: 49.15  %","Cuenta: FernanMartinez <br>Nombre: Fernán Martinez <br>Seguidores: 314284 <br>Resultado: 26.25  %","Cuenta: davidsanntiago <br>Nombre: David Santiago. <br>Seguidores: 264 <br>Resultado: 86.14  %","Cuenta: noticias_bm <br>Nombre: BM Noticias Co <br>Seguidores: 24 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: tigre903 <br>Nombre: Jorge M. <br>Seguidores: 1148 <br>Resultado: 22.22  %","Cuenta: afroVisible <br>Nombre: afroVisible <br>Seguidores: 3385 <br>Resultado: 61.11  %","Cuenta: jhonalexandergh <br>Nombre: Jhon Guevara <br>Seguidores: 3588 <br>Resultado: 90.41  %","Cuenta: ElGranDebate <br>Nombre: Adolfo Beck-Beckrtv.com <br>Seguidores: 4139 <br>Resultado: 19.98  %","Cuenta: josellinas70 <br>Nombre: Jose Ignacio Llinás Chica <br>Seguidores: 4544 <br>Resultado: 91.95  %","Cuenta: DanielC021vet <br>Nombre: Daniel <br>Seguidores: 27 <br>Resultado: 71.76  %","Cuenta: Fernand82951691 <br>Nombre: El cordobés <br>Seguidores: 3025 <br>Resultado: 95.64  %","Cuenta: sebastiangue2 <br>Nombre: 🇨🇴🇨🇴Sebas 🐝🐝🇨🇴🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 686 <br>Resultado: 81.16  %","Cuenta: camiloprietoval <br>Nombre: Camilo Prieto <br>Seguidores: 89856 <br>Resultado: 54.39  %","Cuenta: cesarmendozaro <br>Nombre: Cesar Mendoza <br>Seguidores: 3049 <br>Resultado: 93.03  %","Cuenta: dinoapetro <br>Nombre: Anti Petrista de Corazon <br>Seguidores: 52 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: psicorebelde <br>Nombre: Psicólogo Rebelde <br>Seguidores: 986 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: robinsonbaena <br>Nombre: 🥑Robinson Crusoe. 🥑👽🐝🥑☕ <br>Seguidores: 1758 <br>Resultado: 98.48  %","Cuenta: cam_ortiz0599 <br>Nombre: Cam <br>Seguidores: 138 <br>Resultado: 90.91  %","Cuenta: prensatucucuta <br>Nombre: Tu Cúcuta <br>Seguidores: 378 <br>Resultado: 57.89  %","Cuenta: soydssc <br>Nombre: Daniel <br>Seguidores: 3 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: WilmerBeltran6 <br>Nombre: W beltran <br>Seguidores: 25 <br>Resultado: 83.33  %","Cuenta: memoriapolitico <br>Nombre: 🇨🇴Aquí 🇨🇴Diciendo Cosas🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 258 <br>Resultado: 53.57  %","Cuenta: ganeshagates <br>Nombre: 💋GANESHA GATES 💋 <br>Seguidores: 2948 <br>Resultado: 88.89  %","Cuenta: tigre903 <br>Nombre: Jorge M. <br>Seguidores: 1154 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: danivasqez <br>Nombre: Daniela Vasquez <br>Seguidores: 724 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: Elbuentaxista7 <br>Nombre: El Buen Taxista <br>Seguidores: 451 <br>Resultado: 23.81  %","Cuenta: noticiasrptv <br>Nombre: NOTICIAS RPTV <br>Seguidores: 7491 <br>Resultado: 57.14  %","Cuenta: elsantixxxx <br>Nombre: Guzmán ♛. <br>Seguidores: 346 <br>Resultado: 52.38  %","Cuenta: ankara300 <br>Nombre: ANKARA <br>Seguidores: 7768 <br>Resultado: 91.52  %","Cuenta: lafuncionariaco <br>Nombre: Funcionaria Pública <br>Seguidores: 831 <br>Resultado: 61.9  %","Cuenta: EfrainHdezChica <br>Nombre: Efrain Hdez Chica <br>Seguidores: 434 <br>Resultado: 55.84  %","Cuenta: natalygr16 <br>Nombre: Natalyguevara16 <br>Seguidores: 63078 <br>Resultado: 68.46  %","Cuenta: momento24co <br>Nombre: Momento24 <br>Seguidores: 1116 <br>Resultado: 77.78  %","Cuenta: yovph <br>Nombre: Gio <br>Seguidores: 49 <br>Resultado: 40.91  %","Cuenta: jhonlopez_99 <br>Nombre: Jhon jairo López ortiz <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 88.46  %","Cuenta: jhonlopez_99 <br>Nombre: Jhon jairo López ortiz <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 7.69  %","Cuenta: jjonsa2 <br>Nombre: Jjonsa <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 91.67  %","Cuenta: colombiaresist7 <br>Nombre: COLOMBIA RESISTE🇨🇴❤ <br>Seguidores: 11 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: alvaritoposada <br>Nombre: Alvaro Posada <br>Seguidores: 1099 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: shadowstark40 <br>Nombre: Shadow Stark <br>Seguidores: 67 <br>Resultado: 40  %","Cuenta: carlosmedinag1 <br>Nombre: Carlos Medina G <br>Seguidores: 8190 <br>Resultado: 95.45  %","Cuenta: infopoliticacol <br>Nombre: Info Politica Col 🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 21.43  %","Cuenta: jobtips_ <br>Nombre: jobtips_ <br>Seguidores: 64454 <br>Resultado: 69.67  %","Cuenta: ValoraAnalitik <br>Nombre: Valora Analitik <br>Seguidores: 61246 <br>Resultado: 78.54  %","Cuenta: juanpabloquin_ <br>Nombre: Juan Pablo Quintero <br>Seguidores: 313 <br>Resultado: 83.33  %","Cuenta: henrymorenon <br>Nombre: Henry Moreno Oficial <br>Seguidores: 362 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: CarlosDavidPJ <br>Nombre: Carlos David Peña J🪐 <br>Seguidores: 269 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: gusnegocios <br>Nombre: Gustavo Diaz <br>Seguidores: 3121 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: voceroscolombia <br>Nombre: Voceros <br>Seguidores: 360 <br>Resultado: 13.88  %","Cuenta: encuestascolo11 <br>Nombre: enpocol <br>Seguidores: 603 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: chopachon <br>Nombre: Oscar J. Pachón C. <br>Seguidores: 649 <br>Resultado: 40  %","Cuenta: sanchezrusinke <br>Nombre: Rusinke, pero sin Cielo <br>Seguidores: 1635 <br>Resultado: 57.14  %","Cuenta: jafan6a <br>Nombre: Javier Andrade <br>Seguidores: 200 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: tobonsanin <br>Nombre: Gilberto Tobón Sanín <br>Seguidores: 470928 <br>Resultado: 77.78  %","Cuenta: andres11quiceno <br>Nombre: Andrés Quiceno <br>Seguidores: 798 <br>Resultado: 68.29  %","Cuenta: legarda77443474 <br>Nombre: El Man de los CROCS <br>Seguidores: 24123 <br>Resultado: 8.19  %","Cuenta: filigramaospina <br>Nombre: Jhonathan Ospina filigrama <br>Seguidores: 55 <br>Resultado: 72  %","Cuenta: danielmesaq24 <br>Nombre: Daniel Mesa <br>Seguidores: 938 <br>Resultado: 12.68  %","Cuenta: luiscrh <br>Nombre: Luis Carlos Reyes <br>Seguidores: 13292 <br>Resultado: 47.66  %","Cuenta: miguelsilvabog <br>Nombre: Miguel Silva <br>Seguidores: 10415 <br>Resultado: 18.07  %","Cuenta: hufercao04 <br>Nombre: HUGO FERNANDO CO. <br>Seguidores: 3286 <br>Resultado: 24.32  %","Cuenta: encuestasimpar1 <br>Nombre: 📊 Encuestas Imparciales <br>Seguidores: 1784 <br>Resultado: 62.5  %","Cuenta: santicasarrubia <br>Nombre: Santiago Casarrubia <br>Seguidores: 596 <br>Resultado: 57.89  %","Cuenta: todoelmundodic <br>Nombre: TODO EL MUNDO DICE <br>Seguidores: 80 <br>Resultado: 88  %","Cuenta: michellegonza94 <br>Nombre: Miguel Ángel Ortiz <br>Seguidores: 865 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: Debate2022 <br>Nombre: Elecciones2022 <br>Seguidores: 8856 <br>Resultado: 68.44  %","Cuenta: luis10337702 <br>Nombre: La Colombia olvidada <br>Seguidores: 7008 <br>Resultado: 89.13  %","Cuenta: juanpab61249706 <br>Nombre: Juanpablo <br>Seguidores: 168 <br>Resultado: 94.12  %","Cuenta: andresdiaz2012 <br>Nombre: Andrés Diaz 🌀 <br>Seguidores: 1961 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: antonioceram <br>Nombre: Kiara reutilia <br>Seguidores: 125 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: TulcanAlveiro <br>Nombre: Alveiro Tulcan <br>Seguidores: 1990 <br>Resultado: 94.22  %","Cuenta: camilocarpo <br>Nombre: Camilo Cardenas <br>Seguidores: 1586 <br>Resultado: 90.91  %","Cuenta: ozkr_19oficial <br>Nombre: Oscar Ochoa <br>Seguidores: 123 <br>Resultado: 73.33  %","Cuenta: garzonnortes <br>Nombre: F🌟🌞🌞☀️☀️ G <br>Seguidores: 358 <br>Resultado: 87.83  %","Cuenta: cpolo68 <br>Nombre: Chepolo <br>Seguidores: 609 <br>Resultado: 85  %","Cuenta: MR__ANDRES <br>Nombre: 🅼🆁 🅰🅽🅳🆁🅴🆂 <br>Seguidores: 20 <br>Resultado: 56.25  %","Cuenta: DulceAventura2 <br>Nombre: Dulce Aventura <br>Seguidores: 8017 <br>Resultado: 67.61  %","Cuenta: jsrinconc <br>Nombre: Jhoan Sebastian Rincon Cardenas <br>Seguidores: 126 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: ximepgr <br>Nombre: Ximena 23K sigámonos 🥑🐝❤️‍🔥 <br>Seguidores: 23762 <br>Resultado: 95.1  %","Cuenta: colombiavota_ <br>Nombre: Colombia Vota 2022 🗳️ <br>Seguidores: 373 <br>Resultado: 90.64  %","Cuenta: zevaztiancortes <br>Nombre: Sebastián Cortés🌎 <br>Seguidores: 300 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: LaBodeguita_TV <br>Nombre: La Bodeguita <br>Seguidores: 14148 <br>Resultado: 10.55  %","Cuenta: sergi0r0jas <br>Nombre: ★ SERGIO ROJAS ★ <br>Seguidores: 1530 <br>Resultado: 88.89  %","Cuenta: alexandertiquea <br>Nombre: Alexander Tique <br>Seguidores: 374 <br>Resultado: 25.93  %","Cuenta: revistagrama <br>Nombre: Revista Grama Internacional © <br>Seguidores: 7890 <br>Resultado: 32.52  %","Cuenta: josluis34430545 <br>Nombre: José C. <br>Seguidores: 1575 <br>Resultado: 88.89  %","Cuenta: AnonySudamerica <br>Nombre: Anonymous Sudamerica🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 23672 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: pipekmacho <br>Nombre: Felipe Camacho <br>Seguidores: 537 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: colombiaenmex <br>Nombre: ColombianosEnMéxico <br>Seguidores: 2388 <br>Resultado: 65.71  %","Cuenta: juancahernandez <br>Nombre: JuanCarlos Hernández <br>Seguidores: 369 <br>Resultado: 18.89  %","Cuenta: encuestascolo11 <br>Nombre: Simplemente Encuestas 🇨🇴📊 <br>Seguidores: 601 <br>Resultado: 57.58  %","Cuenta: mapias15 <br>Nombre: mapiaguilars <br>Seguidores: 19820 <br>Resultado: 91.69  %","Cuenta: hoynoticias2 <br>Nombre: Hoy|Noticias <br>Seguidores: 3747 <br>Resultado: 68.57  %","Cuenta: nelsonpachon <br>Nombre: Nelson Pachón <br>Seguidores: 187 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: alexmcortes1 <br>Nombre: ALEX M CORTES <br>Seguidores: 11476 <br>Resultado: 71.43  %","Cuenta: pactoguajira <br>Nombre: PACTO HISTÓRICO GUAJIRA <br>Seguidores: 334 <br>Resultado: 91.56  %","Cuenta: alexhogarymoda <br>Nombre: Alexis Escobar <br>Seguidores: 350 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: rrodolfistas <br>Nombre: Red Rodolfistas <br>Seguidores: 769 <br>Resultado: 9.44  %","Cuenta: alejandrosua18 <br>Nombre: Alejandro Suárez <br>Seguidores: 88 <br>Resultado: 4.81  %","Cuenta: mariana98785337 <br>Nombre: MARIANA RODRIGUEZ DIAZ <br>Seguidores: 3504 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: andruepi <br>Nombre: Gio rey <br>Seguidores: 303 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: ingjohnortiz <br>Nombre: John Ortiz <br>Seguidores: 259 <br>Resultado: 40  %","Cuenta: christianrc1 <br>Nombre: Christian Rodriguez <br>Seguidores: 164 <br>Resultado: 47.06  %","Cuenta: jayorco <br>Nombre: Jayo <br>Seguidores: 84 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: bacteriapiensa <br>Nombre: Bacteria <br>Seguidores: 195 <br>Resultado: 93.76  %","Cuenta: _jorgeisaac342 <br>Nombre: Jorge Isaac López <br>Seguidores: 552 <br>Resultado: 69.23  %","Cuenta: pleyadiano83 <br>Nombre: Pleyadiano <br>Seguidores: 1119 <br>Resultado: 93.33  %","Cuenta: jororman2014 <br>Nombre: Joran <br>Seguidores: 4078 <br>Resultado: 89.57  %","Cuenta: mariogongora42 <br>Nombre: 🌅Mario Góngora 🚑🏥 <br>Seguidores: 41 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: laboyacenseonl1 <br>Nombre: @laboyacenseonline <br>Seguidores: 1202 <br>Resultado: 14.94  %","Cuenta: ghodwalker <br>Nombre: Gerhard Hodwalker <br>Seguidores: 737 <br>Resultado: 62.5  %","Cuenta: leonelterraza99 <br>Nombre: Sintitubeo <br>Seguidores: 45 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: coyote73387871 <br>Nombre: Coyote 🇮🇸 <br>Seguidores: 443 <br>Resultado: 10.34  %","Cuenta: coyote73387871 <br>Nombre: Coyote 🇮🇸 <br>Seguidores: 443 <br>Resultado: 41.38  %","Cuenta: coyote73387871 <br>Nombre: Coyote 🇮🇸 <br>Seguidores: 443 <br>Resultado: 3.45  %","Cuenta: coyote73387871 <br>Nombre: Coyote 🇮🇸 <br>Seguidores: 443 <br>Resultado: 44.83  %","Cuenta: ramirezever <br>Nombre: Ramírez Quiroga E <br>Seguidores: 3914 <br>Resultado: 88.1  %","Cuenta: andresabellol <br>Nombre: ANDRÉS ABELLO LÓPEZ <br>Seguidores: 602 <br>Resultado: 83.33  %","Cuenta: NicoBetancourts <br>Nombre: Nicolás Betancourt <br>Seguidores: 361 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: javiermonje_ <br>Nombre: Javier Monje <br>Seguidores: 273 <br>Resultado: 10.87  %","Cuenta: meli_paez_ <br>Nombre: canuto <br>Seguidores: 1119 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: jhonmor48056057 <br>Nombre: Jhon Moreno <br>Seguidores: 81 <br>Resultado: 90  %","Cuenta: donhpcolombiano <br>Nombre: Todos los días me paro...pero a trabajar. <br>Seguidores: 2275 <br>Resultado: 6.36  %","Cuenta: cucuta_men <br>Nombre: J. Andres Villa <br>Seguidores: 2237 <br>Resultado: 44.12  %","Cuenta: homerocritico <br>Nombre: Homero Histórico <br>Seguidores: 37 <br>Resultado: 93.75  %","Cuenta: bgadenuncia1 <br>Nombre: Bgadenuncia_ <br>Seguidores: 1 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: yulieruran <br>Nombre: yuyu <br>Seguidores: 524 <br>Resultado: 69.23  %","Cuenta: alexvalenkno <br>Nombre: Caballero🇨🇴Templario🇩🇪SgloXXI🇨🇴🇩🇪 <br>Seguidores: 198 <br>Resultado: 94  %","Cuenta: tatasanmiguel10 <br>Nombre: @tatasanmiguel <br>Seguidores: 1901 <br>Resultado: 2.04  %","Cuenta: alfredobustillo <br>Nombre: ALFREDO BUSTILLO <br>Seguidores: 966 <br>Resultado: 30.56  %","Cuenta: nestorchef7 <br>Nombre: Néstor <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 98.43  %","Cuenta: daniel_ayalaf <br>Nombre: Daniel <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 37.14  %","Cuenta: eliecercamilo3 <br>Nombre: ELIECER CAMILO <br>Seguidores: 422 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: IESprisantander <br>Nombre: IES PRIVADAS DE SANTANDER <br>Seguidores: 66 <br>Resultado: 94.39  %","Cuenta: andresuarezf <br>Nombre: Andrés Suárez F. <br>Seguidores: 796 <br>Resultado: 75.61  %","Cuenta: ospinajmanuel <br>Nombre: Juan Manuel Ospina Restrepo <br>Seguidores: 2015 <br>Resultado: 31.25  %","Cuenta: mariat98908477 <br>Nombre: Maria t <br>Seguidores: 129 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: danielhdz69 <br>Nombre: Daniel Hdz M <br>Seguidores: 69 <br>Resultado: 77.78  %","Cuenta: dperezdeportes <br>Nombre: Way Sports <br>Seguidores: 93529 <br>Resultado: 45.35  %","Cuenta: noedebe <br>Nombre: Mauricio Delgado Bd <br>Seguidores: 113 <br>Resultado: 92.25  %","Cuenta: fernand82951691 <br>Nombre: El cordobés <br>Seguidores: 3098 <br>Resultado: 81.25  %","Cuenta: Elberraquillo <br>Nombre: Ⓜ️🅰️rcel J🅰️Ⓜ️rrℹ️e ™️ <br>Seguidores: 1812 <br>Resultado: 86.93  %","Cuenta: socrate97488298 <br>Nombre: SOCRATES <br>Seguidores: 74 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: toby17271 <br>Nombre: Toby1727 <br>Seguidores: 127 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: juanes_bedoya7 <br>Nombre: Juanes Bedoya <br>Seguidores: 3267 <br>Resultado: 85.89  %","Cuenta: soy_tolimense <br>Nombre: Soy Tolimense <br>Seguidores: 1950 <br>Resultado: 58.06  %","Cuenta: nachito_1203 <br>Nombre: El cambio es ahora!...#PactoHistórico💪🏻 <br>Seguidores: 2018 <br>Resultado: 73.91  %","Cuenta: carlosjjff <br>Nombre: CARLOS FF AA <br>Seguidores: 216 <br>Resultado: 16.92  %","Cuenta: camiloprieto9 <br>Nombre: Camilo Prieto <br>Seguidores: 520 <br>Resultado: 43.14  %","Cuenta: intriagomanuela <br>Nombre: manuela intriago <br>Seguidores: 26 <br>Resultado: 18.18  %","Cuenta: jairperez97 <br>Nombre: Jair Pérez <br>Seguidores: 635 <br>Resultado: 93.1  %","Cuenta: andreitaoslash <br>Nombre: Andreita <br>Seguidores: 172 <br>Resultado: 84.21  %","Cuenta: feiiruedalozano <br>Nombre: Feiver Rueda Lozano <br>Seguidores: 375 <br>Resultado: 77.78  %","Cuenta: alexcita92 <br>Nombre: Morita Rincón <br>Seguidores: 746 <br>Resultado: 78.57  %","Cuenta: _ellibertario <br>Nombre: EL CONSERVADOR LIBERTARIO <br>Seguidores: 633 <br>Resultado: 1.84  %","Cuenta: colderrida <br>Nombre: Col Derrida <br>Seguidores: 485 <br>Resultado: 77.27  %","Cuenta: lucho3127 <br>Nombre: Luis Escorcia <br>Seguidores: 46 <br>Resultado: 95.35  %","Cuenta: ibacas68 <br>Nombre: Jose Javier Ibañez C <br>Seguidores: 1191 <br>Resultado: 90.3  %","Cuenta: klich_33219 <br>Nombre: Carlos Guevara <br>Seguidores: 6244 <br>Resultado: 90  %","Cuenta: julioandradeb <br>Nombre: Julio Andrade B <br>Seguidores: 819 <br>Resultado: 62.22  %","Cuenta: Promagdalena1 <br>Nombre: ProMagdalena <br>Seguidores: 108 <br>Resultado: 86.34  %","Cuenta: navarrowolff <br>Nombre: Antonio Navarro <br>Seguidores: 822384 <br>Resultado: 65.7  %","Cuenta: jorgeovalle <br>Nombre: Jorge Ovalle <br>Seguidores: 3610 <br>Resultado: 52.08  %","Cuenta: barcelonista_sh <br>Nombre: Sher <br>Seguidores: 775 <br>Resultado: 77.36  %","Cuenta: blackmangel <br>Nombre: Miguel Angel <br>Seguidores: 61 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: dralejandro_d <br>Nombre: Alejandro Díaz Ramírez <br>Seguidores: 248 <br>Resultado: 29.41  %","Cuenta: josh_roo <br>Nombre: Jorge Rodríguez Ávila <br>Seguidores: 215 <br>Resultado: 53.85  %","Cuenta: hernandoandresg <br>Nombre: Andrés Guevara <br>Seguidores: 479 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: jarylondono <br>Nombre: Jary Londoño <br>Seguidores: 427 <br>Resultado: 70.27  %","Cuenta: alfredobustillo <br>Nombre: ALFREDO BUSTILLO <br>Seguidores: 966 <br>Resultado: 62.5  %","Cuenta: Matador000 <br>Nombre: matador <br>Seguidores: 472957 <br>Resultado: 79.55  %","Cuenta: transenmedios <br>Nombre: Transporte en Medios <br>Seguidores: 5926 <br>Resultado: 28.57  %","Cuenta: Calvo517 <br>Nombre: Calvo <br>Seguidores: 439 <br>Resultado: 71.48  %","Cuenta: Holger24286869 <br>Nombre: EMI <br>Seguidores: 988 <br>Resultado: 84.62  %","Cuenta: galita07 <br>Nombre: GALA MARTINEZ ACOSTA <br>Seguidores: 411 <br>Resultado: 71.43  %","Cuenta: manoslimpiasco <br>Nombre: Indignados Colombia 🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 123449 <br>Resultado: 89.87  %","Cuenta: edgarme07761318 <br>Nombre: Edgar Mejia <br>Seguidores: 337 <br>Resultado: 94.9  %","Cuenta: abogramirez7 <br>Nombre: Ramírez <br>Seguidores: 3997 <br>Resultado: 90.48  %","Cuenta: djandruofficial <br>Nombre: DJ ANDRU ⚡ <br>Seguidores: 1386 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: bogotasoy <br>Nombre: Soy Bogotá <br>Seguidores: 1024 <br>Resultado: 93.94  %","Cuenta: preguntemeloami <br>Nombre: Morelofereño. 🇮🇩 <br>Seguidores: 259 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: carlostuiran13 <br>Nombre: Carlos Alberto Suárez Tuiran <br>Seguidores: 337 <br>Resultado: 31.37  %","Cuenta: jhon8bc <br>Nombre: Jhon <br>Seguidores: 163 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: Joyenon <br>Nombre: Jnn <br>Seguidores: 318 <br>Resultado: 74.49  %","Cuenta: enfoquenoticios <br>Nombre: @enfoquenoticioso <br>Seguidores: 1176 <br>Resultado: 8.16  %","Cuenta: MatonsizimoKid <br>Nombre: Pretoriano <br>Seguidores: 9241 <br>Resultado: 79.17  %","Cuenta: luirrohernandez <br>Nombre: Luis Roberto Hernández <br>Seguidores: 264 <br>Resultado: 47.37  %","Cuenta: encuestaspolit <br>Nombre: Encuestas en linea <br>Seguidores: 994 <br>Resultado: 75.12  %","Cuenta: SMinoush <br>Nombre: Lili! <br>Seguidores: 1719 <br>Resultado: 72.41  %","Cuenta: gustavoguio <br>Nombre: Gustavo Andrés Guío Barrera <br>Seguidores: 298 <br>Resultado: 67.92  %","Cuenta: San_Tolima <br>Nombre: San Luis Tolima <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: 35.71  %","Cuenta: scabana7 <br>Nombre: Sebastian Cabana <br>Seguidores: 393 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: gandour <br>Nombre: gandour <br>Seguidores: 1452 <br>Resultado: 57.14  %","Cuenta: 360radioco <br>Nombre: 360 Radio <br>Seguidores: 49002 <br>Resultado: 11.76  %","Cuenta: duvanfarc <br>Nombre: Duvan Rodríguez <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: Debate2022 <br>Nombre: Elecciones2022 <br>Seguidores: 8971 <br>Resultado: 29.43  %","Cuenta: javiersilva0826 <br>Nombre: Pikachu de Musk y del Cambio por la Vida <br>Seguidores: 515 <br>Resultado: 83.33  %","Cuenta: monteriacalle <br>Nombre: Callejero D Montería <br>Seguidores: 15732 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: jagrueso <br>Nombre: Jesús Alberto Grueso <br>Seguidores: 21570 <br>Resultado: 94.6  %","Cuenta: carlosandresd_ <br>Nombre: Carlos Andrés Delgado <br>Seguidores: 276 <br>Resultado: 70  %","Cuenta: sebasgonpe18 <br>Nombre: Sebastian Gonzalez P <br>Seguidores: 91 <br>Resultado: 8.33  %","Cuenta: vanedelatorre <br>Nombre: Vanessa De La Torre <br>Seguidores: 489349 <br>Resultado: 63.43  %","Cuenta: JohnjairoGmezR3 <br>Nombre: John jairo Gómez Rozo <br>Seguidores: 278 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: Margaret_F21 <br>Nombre: Margaret <br>Seguidores: 69 <br>Resultado: 85.71  %","Cuenta: oscargualdron <br>Nombre: Oscar Gualdrón Lara <br>Seguidores: 696 <br>Resultado: 25.93  %","Cuenta: news247k <br>Nombre: Pacto histórico <br>Seguidores: 37 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: moviluppolitic <br>Nombre: Movilup Politic <br>Seguidores: 143 <br>Resultado: 56.41  %","Cuenta: jesmar72 <br>Nombre: Jesús Martínez <br>Seguidores: 24 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: polombiano88 <br>Nombre: Polombiano <br>Seguidores: 122 <br>Resultado: 71.43  %","Cuenta: adolfofv12 <br>Nombre: Adolfo Fernández V. <br>Seguidores: 181 <br>Resultado: 74.07  %","Cuenta: hernandomarti <br>Nombre: Hernando Jose Martinez <br>Seguidores: 24835 <br>Resultado: 8.07  %","Cuenta: garzonnortes <br>Nombre: F🌟🌞🌞☀️☀️ G <br>Seguidores: 539 <br>Resultado: 92.68  %","Cuenta: royserna <br>Nombre: POLLO SIN MENTE <br>Seguidores: 1405 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: teveoenclases <br>Nombre: Teveoenclases <br>Seguidores: 1860 <br>Resultado: 82.61  %","Cuenta: cncquindio <br>Nombre: CNC Quindio <br>Seguidores: 2522 <br>Resultado: 76.32  %","Cuenta: arvel33 <br>Nombre: arvel Liunsky <br>Seguidores: 145 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: idickyj <br>Nombre: ⓘ EsteUsuario. <br>Seguidores: 15639 <br>Resultado: 86.36  %","Cuenta: laperreraco <br>Nombre: La Perrera Política <br>Seguidores: 758 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: yonathanab98 <br>Nombre: Yonathan Alexis Betancur <br>Seguidores: 597 <br>Resultado: 11.76  %","Cuenta: nestor_ramjim_ <br>Nombre: Nestor Elias RAMIREZ <br>Seguidores: 19 <br>Resultado: 94.32  %","Cuenta: vladimirhermann <br>Nombre: Vladimir Hermann <br>Seguidores: 388 <br>Resultado: 92.74  %","Cuenta: cmunoz197801 <br>Nombre: PACHECO01 <br>Seguidores: 286 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: marishelsromero <br>Nombre: Marishel <br>Seguidores: 593 <br>Resultado: 76  %","Cuenta: PrensaTibanica <br>Nombre: PrensaTibanica <br>Seguidores: 426 <br>Resultado: 67.14  %","Cuenta: pablovi29257066 <br>Nombre: pablo villalba <br>Seguidores: 155 <br>Resultado: 91.88  %","Cuenta: san_tolima <br>Nombre: San Luis Tolima <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 70  %","Cuenta: notinaldigital <br>Nombre: Noticiero Nacional Digital <br>Seguidores: 2764 <br>Resultado: 75.56  %","Cuenta: germanzapatave <br>Nombre: Germán Zapata Vergara <br>Seguidores: 5232 <br>Resultado: 76.98  %","Cuenta: alejand77819825 <br>Nombre: ALEJANDRO GUTIERREZ <br>Seguidores: 16 <br>Resultado: 40  %","Cuenta: democratajoven <br>Nombre: PENSAMIENTO JOVEN <br>Seguidores: 44 <br>Resultado: 1.61  %","Cuenta: politicvirtual <br>Nombre: Política Virtual <br>Seguidores: 511 <br>Resultado: 17.35  %","Cuenta: jossegregory <br>Nombre: Gяεgσяισ Vαяgαs <br>Seguidores: 21552 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: fuelsmicroalgae <br>Nombre: Anti fascista <br>Seguidores: 1186 <br>Resultado: 87.61  %","Cuenta: mrjuaaan <br>Nombre: Juan!!!!!! <br>Seguidores: 499 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: nuryriao1 <br>Nombre: NOalestadoopresivo <br>Seguidores: 42 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: erick83186415 <br>Nombre: Erick <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: NaN  %","Cuenta: leonzambrano <br>Nombre: Leonardo Zambrano <br>Seguidores: 115 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: richenao <br>Nombre: Ricardo Henao Calderón <br>Seguidores: 85091 <br>Resultado: 9.02  %","Cuenta: joseromero1212 <br>Nombre: Jose A <br>Seguidores: 1355 <br>Resultado: 95.47  %","Cuenta: 1900d91491a7425 <br>Nombre: Diana Conde <br>Seguidores: 272 <br>Resultado: 63.64  %","Cuenta: justi_ciega <br>Nombre: Justicia Ciega <br>Seguidores: 31 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: claudiavallejo_ <br>Nombre: claudia vallejo <br>Seguidores: 273 <br>Resultado: 77.14  %","Cuenta: carolin70405757 <br>Nombre: Carolina Guerra <br>Seguidores: 91 <br>Resultado: 82.14  %","Cuenta: teacherbopi <br>Nombre: Boris Piñeres Yanes <br>Seguidores: 793 <br>Resultado: 69.23  %","Cuenta: cesarv2014 <br>Nombre: Cesar'Valdez💎🔥 <br>Seguidores: 1287 <br>Resultado: 57.14  %","Cuenta: luis12213247 <br>Nombre: Luis <br>Seguidores: 3 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: alejitomijodrum <br>Nombre: Alejandro Rodríguez <br>Seguidores: 462 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: ibacas68 <br>Nombre: Jose Javier Ibañez C <br>Seguidores: 1200 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: megacolombian <br>Nombre: Mega Colombian <br>Seguidores: 520 <br>Resultado: 83.02  %","Cuenta: mauriciolarrot7 <br>Nombre: Mauricio Larrottac <br>Seguidores: 19 <br>Resultado: 30  %","Cuenta: sergio_prieto10 <br>Nombre: Sergio David Prieto Romero <br>Seguidores: 2943 <br>Resultado: 10.55  %","Cuenta: lpdavila2008 <br>Nombre: LMPD <br>Seguidores: 79 <br>Resultado: NaN  %","Cuenta: lavozlahistoria <br>Nombre: Anderson Escobar <br>Seguidores: 40 <br>Resultado: 62.5  %","Cuenta: castellanosfj <br>Nombre: Francisco Castellanos 🇺🇳 <br>Seguidores: 7780 <br>Resultado: 90.37  %","Cuenta: paranoidrockbar <br>Nombre: 𝕻𝖆𝖗𝖆𝖓𝖔𝖎𝖉 𝕽𝖔𝖈𝖐 𝕭𝖆𝖗 - Edward Rubiano <br>Seguidores: 284 <br>Resultado: 94.07  %","Cuenta: wilkinmarin <br>Nombre: @wilkinmarin <br>Seguidores: 648 <br>Resultado: 78.43  %","Cuenta: soyandresgo29 <br>Nombre: Andrés GO <br>Seguidores: 576 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: jhonpin01422473 <br>Nombre: Jhon monsalve <br>Seguidores: 12 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: awitaecoc <br>Nombre: awitaecoco🇨🇴🥵 <br>Seguidores: 19 <br>Resultado: 60.11  %","Cuenta: DavidVevo20 <br>Nombre: VEVO STUDIOS COLOMBIA ™ <br>Seguidores: 23 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: benjumeatirado <br>Nombre: Juan Tirado Benjumea <br>Seguidores: 1051 <br>Resultado: 90.91  %","Cuenta: camilowhite1992 <br>Nombre: Camilo Blanco <br>Seguidores: 1800 <br>Resultado: 88.89  %","Cuenta: enfoquenoticios <br>Nombre: @enfoquenoticioso <br>Seguidores: 1350 <br>Resultado: 2.99  %","Cuenta: jalbertopd77 <br>Nombre: Jaime Pérez Díaz <br>Seguidores: 90 <br>Resultado: 62.5  %","Cuenta: moviluppolitic <br>Nombre: Movilup Politic <br>Seguidores: 141 <br>Resultado: 58.43  %","Cuenta: dogorfox <br>Nombre: Diego Pinzon <br>Seguidores: 119 <br>Resultado: 45.45  %","Cuenta: camiarredondod <br>Nombre: María Camila Arredondo <br>Seguidores: 857 <br>Resultado: 20.41  %","Cuenta: Tomas_Albeiro <br>Nombre: Tomas Albeiro <br>Seguidores: 250 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: el__rifas <br>Nombre: Yostin Suspendido <br>Seguidores: 611 <br>Resultado: 21.95  %","Cuenta: juanda_vera_ <br>Nombre: David_Vera <br>Seguidores: 331 <br>Resultado: 77.27  %","Cuenta: rafermora <br>Nombre: Fercho <br>Seguidores: 167 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: laboyacenseonl1 <br>Nombre: @laboyacenseonline <br>Seguidores: 1202 <br>Resultado: 11.82  %","Cuenta: activocucuta69 <br>Nombre: Eduar <br>Seguidores: 1370 <br>Resultado: 35.71  %","Cuenta: alinsong10 <br>Nombre: Alinson Gonzalez <br>Seguidores: 2083 <br>Resultado: 27.27  %","Cuenta: nancy39906574 <br>Nombre: Nancy Arias G. <br>Seguidores: 31 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: _juanluisguerra <br>Nombre: Juan Luis Guerra <br>Seguidores: 180 <br>Resultado: 47.73  %","Cuenta: elkinnain1 <br>Nombre: nain <br>Seguidores: 844 <br>Resultado: 88.28  %","Cuenta: mmiguelpn <br>Nombre: MiguelS2022 <br>Seguidores: 202 <br>Resultado: 87.56  %","Cuenta: edwinle43709332 <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Pérez Bernal <br>Seguidores: 5453 <br>Resultado: 87.68  %","Cuenta: eguinperez <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Perez AntiuribistasigueAntiuribista <br>Seguidores: 8782 <br>Resultado: 86.06  %","Cuenta: centroizquierd1 <br>Nombre: Centro Izquierda <br>Seguidores: 558 <br>Resultado: 91.78  %","Cuenta: stebang93 <br>Nombre: Esteban Guerra <br>Seguidores: 57114 <br>Resultado: 53.49  %","Cuenta: dieguito_tp <br>Nombre: Diego Tunjo Pinilla <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: 76.71  %","Cuenta: ankara300 <br>Nombre: ANKARA <br>Seguidores: 8453 <br>Resultado: 88.15  %","Cuenta: avanzarahora <br>Nombre: INFORMAR <br>Seguidores: 320 <br>Resultado: 85.11  %","Cuenta: donhpcolombiano <br>Nombre: Yo me identiFICO...identifícate tu también. <br>Seguidores: 2290 <br>Resultado: 27.4  %","Cuenta: carlosantares <br>Nombre: Carlos Ochoa <br>Seguidores: 1076 <br>Resultado: 2.22  %","Cuenta: bucaranotas <br>Nombre: NotasBucara <br>Seguidores: 2425 <br>Resultado: 46.27  %","Cuenta: alexbta94 <br>Nombre: Alex <br>Seguidores: 252 <br>Resultado: 88.66  %","Cuenta: alejobarragans <br>Nombre: Alejo Barragán S. <br>Seguidores: 15158 <br>Resultado: 90.24  %","Cuenta: alejoocampog <br>Nombre: Alejandro Ocampo <br>Seguidores: 5072 <br>Resultado: 89.13  %","Cuenta: soylaverdeee <br>Nombre: Solari <br>Seguidores: 293 <br>Resultado: 55.84  %","Cuenta: 360radioco <br>Nombre: 360 Radio <br>Seguidores: 49340 <br>Resultado: 15.96  %","Cuenta: Samibruno <br>Nombre: 🌷 𝕊𝕒𝕞𝕚 🌷 <br>Seguidores: 13272 <br>Resultado: 59.8  %","Cuenta: Patrici28488735 <br>Nombre: PatMor2019 <br>Seguidores: 1482 <br>Resultado: 45.16  %","Cuenta: jfjgonzalez <br>Nombre: Arquímedes <br>Seguidores: 1326 <br>Resultado: 74.47  %","Cuenta: lchaves12271242 <br>Nombre: Lucho Beto ✌🏽 <br>Seguidores: 728 <br>Resultado: 93.58  %","Cuenta: jcamiloorozco2 <br>Nombre: Juan  <br>Seguidores: 5669 <br>Resultado: 77.91  %","Cuenta: animodeofender_ <br>Nombre: Con ánimo de ofender <br>Seguidores: 39972 <br>Resultado: 75.29  %","Cuenta: eguinperez <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Perez AntiuribistasigueAntiuribista <br>Seguidores: 8792 <br>Resultado: 87.5  %","Cuenta: villabog <br>Nombre: Actualidad Col <br>Seguidores: 14 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: edwinle59158000 <br>Nombre: edwinleonardoperezbernal86@gmail.com <br>Seguidores: 571 <br>Resultado: 87.09  %","Cuenta: uriasv <br>Nombre: Urías Velásquez <br>Seguidores: 53820 <br>Resultado: 98.9  %","Cuenta: mamberroi___ <br>Nombre: why do you care? <br>Seguidores: 40 <br>Resultado: 57.14  %","Cuenta: jaime58108924 <br>Nombre: Jaime <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 88.89  %","Cuenta: lafeadelgrup <br>Nombre: La Fea Del Grup <br>Seguidores: 4836 <br>Resultado: 71.43  %","Cuenta: aalexbeta89 <br>Nombre: Alex Segura <br>Seguidores: 13 <br>Resultado: 71.43  %","Cuenta: vickydavilavih <br>Nombre: Vicky Devola <br>Seguidores: 134 <br>Resultado: 95.58  %","Cuenta: cacastella65 <br>Nombre: Carlos Castellanos <br>Seguidores: 743 <br>Resultado: 89.79  %","Cuenta: maormn <br>Nombre: Mauro N.N. <br>Seguidores: 10066 <br>Resultado: 34.15  %","Cuenta: titipizarro16 <br>Nombre: Titi Pizarro <br>Seguidores: 502 <br>Resultado: 54.29  %","Cuenta: Debate2022 <br>Nombre: Elecciones2022 <br>Seguidores: 8993 <br>Resultado: 73.76  %","Cuenta: ChinchillaYecid <br>Nombre: Yecid Chinchilla <br>Seguidores: 667 <br>Resultado: 28.57  %","Cuenta: j_bl10 <br>Nombre: j <br>Seguidores: 2590 <br>Resultado: 58.49  %","Cuenta: dianabotellove <br>Nombre: Diana Botello <br>Seguidores: 2329 <br>Resultado: 23.37  %","Cuenta: alexand36266859 <br>Nombre: vitalestoba <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: hugohdzp12 <br>Nombre: Hugo Hernández <br>Seguidores: 675 <br>Resultado: 54.84  %","Cuenta: avocolom <br>Nombre: A Votar Por Colombia <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 56.25  %","Cuenta: diegoal78912914 <br>Nombre: Diego Albarracin <br>Seguidores: 441 <br>Resultado: 88.24  %","Cuenta: farfandiaz <br>Nombre: Jeffersson Diaz <br>Seguidores: 148 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: josmara82193071 <br>Nombre: José María Herrera Campillo <br>Seguidores: 84 <br>Resultado: 63.64  %","Cuenta: parrado11 <br>Nombre: Parrado <br>Seguidores: 3732 <br>Resultado: 80  %","Cuenta: parrado11 <br>Nombre: Parrado <br>Seguidores: 3732 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: parrado11 <br>Nombre: Parrado <br>Seguidores: 3732 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: parrado11 <br>Nombre: Parrado <br>Seguidores: 3732 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: pequepeks045 <br>Nombre: Peque o Peks☽ <br>Seguidores: 3517 <br>Resultado: 34.34  %","Cuenta: josecmengual <br>Nombre: Jose Carlos Mengual <br>Seguidores: 1158 <br>Resultado: 15.38  %","Cuenta: noticias_24_ <br>Nombre: Noticias 24  <br>Seguidores: 2196 <br>Resultado: 14.45  %","Cuenta: carmao9 <br>Nombre: Carmao <br>Seguidores: 201 <br>Resultado: 79.5  %","Cuenta: danielhdz69 <br>Nombre: Daniel Hdz M <br>Seguidores: 69 <br>Resultado: 70  %","Cuenta: jmab1982 <br>Nombre: un humano mas <br>Seguidores: 1006 <br>Resultado: 96.14  %","Cuenta: edwinle43709332 <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Pérez Bernal <br>Seguidores: 5583 <br>Resultado: 85.64  %","Cuenta: pukyseshotmail1 <br>Nombre: El Iguazon 🇨🇴 Colombia. <br>Seguidores: 9417 <br>Resultado: 80.14  %","Cuenta: FelipeVillamilO <br>Nombre: Felipe Villamil O. <br>Seguidores: 3728 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: laperreraco <br>Nombre: La Perrera Política <br>Seguidores: 765 <br>Resultado: 49.28  %","Cuenta: maizzzber <br>Nombre: Maiber Olaya <br>Seguidores: 34984 <br>Resultado: 54.51  %","Cuenta: MIGUELA96784656 <br>Nombre: MIGUEL ANGEL ROMERO OCHOA <br>Seguidores: 2 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: davidhu20311187 <br>Nombre: Incredul0 <br>Seguidores: 635 <br>Resultado: 96.67  %","Cuenta: dairoferia1 <br>Nombre: 🥑Dairoferia🥑🎉🎸 <br>Seguidores: 549 <br>Resultado: 80.43  %","Cuenta: gab_haa <br>Nombre: Gabriel <br>Seguidores: 59 <br>Resultado: 44.12  %","Cuenta: soynicomelendro <br>Nombre: Soy Nicolas Melendro <br>Seguidores: 122 <br>Resultado: 77.78  %","Cuenta: hekatombe_ <br>Nombre: Revista Hekatombe 🔥 <br>Seguidores: 31749 <br>Resultado: 93.37  %","Cuenta: jahfrann <br>Nombre: Jahfrann <br>Seguidores: 66343 <br>Resultado: 92.09  %","Cuenta: caycedo1997 <br>Nombre: 𝓙𝓾𝓪𝓷 𝓢𝓮𝓫𝓪𝓼𝓽𝓲á𝓷 ®️ <br>Seguidores: 152 <br>Resultado: 45.71  %","Cuenta: enwichy <br>Nombre: Wichy En Las Redes <br>Seguidores: 1987 <br>Resultado: 74.98  %","Cuenta: juankynunez1999 <br>Nombre: Juan Camilo <br>Seguidores: 366 <br>Resultado: 62.86  %","Cuenta: cruzoscarmario <br>Nombre: Oscar Mario Cruz <br>Seguidores: 10256 <br>Resultado: 61.22  %","Cuenta: yeisonbilingue <br>Nombre: yeison asprilla <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 75.47  %","Cuenta: jccalar <br>Nombre: JuanC <br>Seguidores: 1738 <br>Resultado: 93.95  %","Cuenta: solanm815 <br>Nombre: Maurovix .🇨🇴Latinoamérica sin socialismo✊ <br>Seguidores: 2694 <br>Resultado: 9.69  %","Cuenta: ganeshagates <br>Nombre: GANESHA GATES 🦋 <br>Seguidores: 7208 <br>Resultado: 88.89  %","Cuenta: fillsilva01 <br>Nombre: filacho <br>Seguidores: 906 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: diegocajamarca1 <br>Nombre: Diego Cajamarca <br>Seguidores: 88 <br>Resultado: 69.23  %","Cuenta: catalondco <br>Nombre: Catalina Londoño <br>Seguidores: 6022 <br>Resultado: 91.04  %","Cuenta: RogerNiko <br>Nombre: ЯΘGΞRNIKΘ <br>Seguidores: 49 <br>Resultado: 42.86  %","Cuenta: locaporamerica1 <br>Nombre: DIABLAxSIEMPRE 👹 <br>Seguidores: 3780 <br>Resultado: 65.2  %","Cuenta: jennykathe <br>Nombre: Jennifer Castillo <br>Seguidores: 634 <br>Resultado: 90  %","Cuenta: mmiguelpn <br>Nombre: MiguelS2022 <br>Seguidores: 204 <br>Resultado: 57.89  %","Cuenta: sergioandresvr9 <br>Nombre: Sergio Andres Valencia <br>Seguidores: 885 <br>Resultado: 43.48  %","Cuenta: abrahamsoto01 <br>Nombre: Abraham Antonio Solano Torres <br>Seguidores: 2493 <br>Resultado: 80.95  %","Cuenta: miboyaca_co <br>Nombre: Mi Boyacá <br>Seguidores: 7891 <br>Resultado: 53.45  %","Cuenta: contadorfutbol <br>Nombre: ElContadordelFutbol <br>Seguidores: 178 <br>Resultado: 37.5  %","Cuenta: josefdotatism <br>Nombre: JTM. <br>Seguidores: 242 <br>Resultado: 81.33  %","Cuenta: luisern00352785 <br>Nombre: Luis Ernesto Barrera <br>Seguidores: 124 <br>Resultado: 57.14  %","Cuenta: ibadur16120910 <br>Nombre: Ruben Dario Benitez <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 61.11  %","Cuenta: alejandro_esch <br>Nombre: Alejandro Estupiñan <br>Seguidores: 333 <br>Resultado: 80.77  %","Cuenta: jalarcon_col <br>Nombre: 𝗝ota  <br>Seguidores: 408 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: untalruales <br>Nombre: Anderson Ruales <br>Seguidores: 2062 <br>Resultado: 94.6  %","Cuenta: lauraaavidal_ <br>Nombre: 𝓛𝓪𝓾𝓻𝓪 𝓥𝓲𝓭𝓪𝓵 👑 <br>Seguidores: 236 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: adriandonadom <br>Nombre: Adrián Donado <br>Seguidores: 838 <br>Resultado: 76.92  %","Cuenta: adriandonadom <br>Nombre: Adrián Donado <br>Seguidores: 838 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: adriandonadom <br>Nombre: Adrián Donado <br>Seguidores: 838 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: adriandonadom <br>Nombre: Adrián Donado <br>Seguidores: 838 <br>Resultado: 23.08  %","Cuenta: notmsc22 <br>Nombre: Marcela <br>Seguidores: 681 <br>Resultado: 70  %","Cuenta: isabela_alban <br>Nombre: Isabela Albán <br>Seguidores: 1979 <br>Resultado: 32.97  %","Cuenta: jesusivans17 <br>Nombre: Jesús Ivan Sanchez <br>Seguidores: 93 <br>Resultado: 65  %","Cuenta: yeisonbilingue <br>Nombre: yeison asprilla <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 70.83  %","Cuenta: brunetteinmoral <br>Nombre: Maria <br>Seguidores: 11457 <br>Resultado: 22.03  %","Cuenta: enilsonjavier1 <br>Nombre: Enilson Javier🇨🇴🇨🇴🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: 45.45  %","Cuenta: vallejosaberia <br>Nombre: Saberia Vallejo <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 57.14  %","Cuenta: bascobscd <br>Nombre: Santiago Córdoba <br>Seguidores: 3761 <br>Resultado: 94.51  %","Cuenta: colombia_dolor <br>Nombre: Petro Presidente <br>Seguidores: 88 <br>Resultado: 90.36  %","Cuenta: sago2022 <br>Nombre: Sago V. <br>Seguidores: 1298 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: vicmaodj <br>Nombre: Vicmaodj <br>Seguidores: 2 <br>Resultado: 64.71  %","Cuenta: vicmaodj <br>Nombre: Vicmaodj <br>Seguidores: 2 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: otroluismiguel <br>Nombre: luis miguel <br>Seguidores: 541 <br>Resultado: 15.48  %","Cuenta: andreadazalo <br>Nombre: Andrea Daza <br>Seguidores: 801 <br>Resultado: 11.76  %","Cuenta: canomenesesivan <br>Nombre: Iván David <br>Seguidores: 526 <br>Resultado: 91.73  %","Cuenta: jortiztorres10 <br>Nombre: Jesús Alberto Ortiz <br>Seguidores: 87 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: tremblemen <br>Nombre: tremblement☄️ <br>Seguidores: 100 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: brayhanvsoto1 <br>Nombre: Brayhan V. Soto <br>Seguidores: 783 <br>Resultado: 81.2  %","Cuenta: villamil24_ <br>Nombre: Andrés Villamil <br>Seguidores: 6177 <br>Resultado: 78.57  %","Cuenta: aioraiz <br>Nombre: Walther Largo F <br>Seguidores: 14 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: bellocesar244 <br>Nombre: Cesar Mauricio Bello <br>Seguidores: 58 <br>Resultado: 63.64  %","Cuenta: sloowlifee <br>Nombre: Ana María <br>Seguidores: 3558 <br>Resultado: 83.33  %","Cuenta: Atiipareja <br>Nombre: Bernardo Pareja Coy <br>Seguidores: 166 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: bjonathan0703 <br>Nombre: Jesus Barraza🦉 <br>Seguidores: 7607 <br>Resultado: 62.31  %","Cuenta: JOSEVIECCOM <br>Nombre: JOSE  VIECCO <br>Seguidores: 920 <br>Resultado: 55.56  %","Cuenta: fernandocorra02 <br>Nombre: Instagram: @shape.arq <br>Seguidores: 1800 <br>Resultado: 94.38  %","Cuenta: harvey_h__ <br>Nombre: Harvey <br>Seguidores: 47 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: diego38965711 <br>Nombre: Diego <br>Seguidores: 8 <br>Resultado: 69.23  %","Cuenta: nanism_ <br>Nombre: 🤍❤️🦁 <br>Seguidores: 400 <br>Resultado: 59.18  %","Cuenta: nataliiavalde2 <br>Nombre: NaTii Valde2 <br>Seguidores: 87 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: reaccionh <br>Nombre: Enrique del castillo <br>Seguidores: 23 <br>Resultado: 57.14  %","Cuenta: cowil0419 <br>Nombre: Wii <br>Seguidores: 237 <br>Resultado: 68.42  %","Cuenta: moviluppolitic <br>Nombre: Movilup Politic <br>Seguidores: 142 <br>Resultado: 42  %","Cuenta: mattusspenagos <br>Nombre: Mattussalen <br>Seguidores: 3982 <br>Resultado: 94.74  %","Cuenta: daviid_pv <br>Nombre: Francisco David <br>Seguidores: 1036 <br>Resultado: 85.71  %","Cuenta: andretojaimes <br>Nombre: Andreto Jaimes <br>Seguidores: 401 <br>Resultado: 58.82  %","Cuenta: gaboenlared <br>Nombre: Gabriel Orozco <br>Seguidores: 49960 <br>Resultado: 55.27  %","Cuenta: mariacharnish <br>Nombre: mchm <br>Seguidores: 1654 <br>Resultado: 40.79  %","Cuenta: hapipe <br>Nombre: HAPIPE <br>Seguidores: 827 <br>Resultado: 81.28  %","Cuenta: fetichesluna <br>Nombre: Pacto Historico YA !!! <br>Seguidores: 727 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: christianrr64 <br>Nombre: Christian Amin Ríos Ramírez <br>Seguidores: 467 <br>Resultado: 74.38  %","Cuenta: johanmaruber <br>Nombre: Johan Marulanda Bernal <br>Seguidores: 21145 <br>Resultado: 90.78  %","Cuenta: JosMara82193071 <br>Nombre: José María Herrera Campillo <br>Seguidores: 113 <br>Resultado: 91.92  %","Cuenta: edisonbedoya21 <br>Nombre: Edison Bedoya 🌍🌎🌏🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 27106 <br>Resultado: 82.13  %","Cuenta: gabyhvt <br>Nombre: 🅶🅰🅱🅾🆅🅰🆂🆀🆄🅴🆉🚲🚉🌳 <br>Seguidores: 1321 <br>Resultado: 64.29  %","Cuenta: elsantanderista <br>Nombre: @elsantanderista <br>Seguidores: 1083 <br>Resultado: 47.39  %","Cuenta: jesusjavierlobo <br>Nombre: Jesús Lobo <br>Seguidores: 6 <br>Resultado: 80  %","Cuenta: raulonoro <br>Nombre: Juan mecanico <br>Seguidores: 2446 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: UrbanArtOne <br>Nombre: Mulato - Urban Art <br>Seguidores: 633 <br>Resultado: 67.12  %","Cuenta: checho_0726 <br>Nombre: Sergio Herrera Arias <br>Seguidores: 668 <br>Resultado: 69.23  %","Cuenta: arnold97_3 <br>Nombre: Arnold gonzalez <br>Seguidores: 75 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: kevinpe49736505 <br>Nombre: Kevin_Peña <br>Seguidores: 496 <br>Resultado: 84.07  %","Cuenta: moraroch <br>Nombre: Alejo Mora <br>Seguidores: 4166 <br>Resultado: 57.42  %","Cuenta: kike_gavilan007 <br>Nombre: Titi Cohen <br>Seguidores: 517 <br>Resultado: 70.59  %","Cuenta: govalle369 <br>Nombre: GaOm (Ovalle) 🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 27807 <br>Resultado: 52.82  %","Cuenta: ajcarrascal <br>Nombre: ajcarrascal <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 58.06  %","Cuenta: jesuam2012 <br>Nombre: Jesus arias <br>Seguidores: 52 <br>Resultado: 40  %","Cuenta: solounbollo <br>Nombre: Marco Franceschi <br>Seguidores: 165 <br>Resultado: 71.43  %","Cuenta: tavitoamorales <br>Nombre: ElTavo★ <br>Seguidores: 958 <br>Resultado: 58.54  %","Cuenta: janeroficial <br>Nombre: JANER GONZÁLEZ LÓPEZ <br>Seguidores: 267 <br>Resultado: 72.73  %","Cuenta: jupacaba97 <br>Nombre: juan pablo <br>Seguidores: 112 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: sofialopezmera <br>Nombre: 𝓡𝓸𝓼𝓲𝓽𝓪 𝓒𝓪𝓶𝓹𝓾𝔃𝓪𝓷𝓸🌹 <br>Seguidores: 427 <br>Resultado: 78.88  %","Cuenta: capb_01 <br>Nombre: CAPB <br>Seguidores: 72 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: dr54socrates <br>Nombre: Sócrates <br>Seguidores: 3162 <br>Resultado: 83.26  %","Cuenta: lazilack <br>Nombre: Me Llamo Zilack <br>Seguidores: 1361 <br>Resultado: 90.76  %","Cuenta: pipeastu <br>Nombre: Felipe Astu ♛ <br>Seguidores: 488 <br>Resultado: 91.76  %","Cuenta: joarvas <br>Nombre: Jonathan Arcila <br>Seguidores: 5442 <br>Resultado: 82.05  %","Cuenta: dondaniel25 <br>Nombre: DANIEL PÉREZ® <br>Seguidores: 938 <br>Resultado: 43.75  %","Cuenta: alexanderortizm <br>Nombre: ALEXANDER ORTIZ👇🏻 <br>Seguidores: 3309 <br>Resultado: 85.71  %","Cuenta: sergi0r0jas <br>Nombre: ★ SERGIO ROJAS ★ <br>Seguidores: 1684 <br>Resultado: 72.73  %","Cuenta: marcelinagl <br>Nombre: Marcela. <br>Seguidores: 841 <br>Resultado: 70.59  %","Cuenta: lavozlahistoria <br>Nombre: Anderson Escobar <br>Seguidores: 43 <br>Resultado: 83.33  %","Cuenta: misspoirot07 <br>Nombre: MISS POIROT <br>Seguidores: 54095 <br>Resultado: 92.7  %","Cuenta: jhonjaquesea <br>Nombre: Jhon Jaime León <br>Seguidores: 4355 <br>Resultado: 81.44  %","Cuenta: jorgeluism1971 <br>Nombre: jorge luis martinez <br>Seguidores: 367 <br>Resultado: 82.61  %","Cuenta: daniela91669309 <br>Nombre: DM <br>Seguidores: 90 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: isozmin <br>Nombre: 𝕀𝕧á𝕟 𝕊𝕠𝕫𝕒 <br>Seguidores: 534 <br>Resultado: 86.36  %","Cuenta: drefc88 <br>Nombre: Pedro Pablo León <br>Seguidores: 88 <br>Resultado: 70  %","Cuenta: soyniggles <br>Nombre: Quentin TaranTrino <br>Seguidores: 280 <br>Resultado: 8.33  %","Cuenta: juliomizger <br>Nombre: Julio Mizger Diaz <br>Seguidores: 1643 <br>Resultado: 84.62  %","Cuenta: fabipaz1paz <br>Nombre: Fabian Paz <br>Seguidores: 373 <br>Resultado: 97  %","Cuenta: AndyLunaOficial <br>Nombre: Andy Luna <br>Seguidores: 829 <br>Resultado: 55.56  %","Cuenta: oreydiaz <br>Nombre: Rey <br>Seguidores: 579 <br>Resultado: 91.89  %","Cuenta: activo_morbo10 <br>Nombre: Monteríano activo <br>Seguidores: 2329 <br>Resultado: 67.39  %","Cuenta: donviruseado <br>Nombre: Grenouille <br>Seguidores: 963 <br>Resultado: 65.38  %","Cuenta: maiger1 <br>Nombre: MAIGER✌ <br>Seguidores: 367 <br>Resultado: 70  %","Cuenta: paupolca <br>Nombre: Papoca <br>Seguidores: 90 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: ingjuanosma <br>Nombre: Juan José Osma Pinto <br>Seguidores: 1091 <br>Resultado: 58.04  %","Cuenta: javie_anaya <br>Nombre: JanayA <br>Seguidores: 208 <br>Resultado: 61.94  %","Cuenta: davidargsejin <br>Nombre: David Argumedo Sejín <br>Seguidores: 49 <br>Resultado: 34.78  %","Cuenta: rafistan73 <br>Nombre: Rafistan73 <br>Seguidores: 3164 <br>Resultado: 78.26  %","Cuenta: Kikestreet <br>Nombre: Gabriel Calle <br>Seguidores: 219 <br>Resultado: 55.56  %","Cuenta: laubetanm <br>Nombre: Laubetanm <br>Seguidores: 106 <br>Resultado: 20.69  %","Cuenta: jonathan_colh <br>Nombre: Jonathan Jaramillo | Antiuribista <br>Seguidores: 217 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: franciscoarzt <br>Nombre: F|C⚡ <br>Seguidores: 682 <br>Resultado: 71.43  %","Cuenta: williambedoya <br>Nombre: 𝕎𝕚𝕝𝕝𝕚𝕒𝕞 𝔹𝕖𝕕𝕠𝕪𝕒🥑🐝🇨🇴 🇨🇦 🌈🍁😻 <br>Seguidores: 6393 <br>Resultado: 87.4  %","Cuenta: miletoytales <br>Nombre: Tales de Mileto <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: felipe41510 <br>Nombre: Felipe <br>Seguidores: 4101 <br>Resultado: 75.38  %","Cuenta: sebagog1290 <br>Nombre: Sebastian Gomez Ruiz <br>Seguidores: 30 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: jorgenavarro_09 <br>Nombre: Jorge Navarro <br>Seguidores: 505 <br>Resultado: 78.95  %","Cuenta: jvanpablobayona <br>Nombre: Juan Pablo Bayona <br>Seguidores: 768 <br>Resultado: 7.89  %","Cuenta: lauragr88483706 <br>Nombre: Laura Grajales <br>Seguidores: 43 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: eldiarioboyaca <br>Nombre: EL DIARIO BOYACÁ <br>Seguidores: 63833 <br>Resultado: 61.85  %","Cuenta: davidr_acevedo <br>Nombre: David Rodriguez Acevedo <br>Seguidores: 241 <br>Resultado: 38.46  %","Cuenta: Sajaramillo <br>Nombre: Sebastián Jaramillo <br>Seguidores: 624 <br>Resultado: 44.44  %","Cuenta: carolinagomezsn <br>Nombre: CAROLINA GÓMEZ <br>Seguidores: 18896 <br>Resultado: 73.68  %","Cuenta: anacris05996779 <br>Nombre: Café LUAN. Petro presidente 🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 3247 <br>Resultado: 85.48  %","Cuenta: dandevia13 <br>Nombre: Dan <br>Seguidores: 1033 <br>Resultado: 57.69  %","Cuenta: juangodev <br>Nombre: 🐙 Juan 🦑 <br>Seguidores: 1573 <br>Resultado: 78.38  %","Cuenta: jeisonmuysca <br>Nombre: Jeison F. Triviño Cabiativa <br>Seguidores: 860 <br>Resultado: 75.76  %","Cuenta: ingperezandres <br>Nombre: Andres Perez <br>Seguidores: 140 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: humana_up <br>Nombre: Nodo Estrella Humana <br>Seguidores: 369 <br>Resultado: 73.24  %","Cuenta: davidcasast <br>Nombre: David casas <br>Seguidores: 880 <br>Resultado: 52.03  %","Cuenta: germanome <br>Nombre: G O <br>Seguidores: 514 <br>Resultado: 69.71  %","Cuenta: ReyCastillo92 <br>Nombre: Rey Castillo <br>Seguidores: 789 <br>Resultado: 54.55  %","Cuenta: tom56991481 <br>Nombre: @tomizquierdo <br>Seguidores: 218 <br>Resultado: 93.02  %","Cuenta: slondono00 <br>Nombre: Sebastián Londoño <br>Seguidores: 7773 <br>Resultado: 35.04  %","Cuenta: LOROFILMS <br>Nombre: ROBERTO HERNÁNDEZ <br>Seguidores: 644 <br>Resultado: 70.97  %","Cuenta: andresmania <br>Nombre: Andres Moreno Jaramillo 📊 <br>Seguidores: 24158 <br>Resultado: 14.14  %","Cuenta: resentida917 <br>Nombre: SECRETOSKY 😉💙💖 <br>Seguidores: 766 <br>Resultado: 91.55  %","Cuenta: juanpablogld <br>Nombre: juanpablogld <br>Seguidores: 723 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: alela_perez <br>Nombre: Ángela María Pérez M <br>Seguidores: 309 <br>Resultado: 27.27  %","Cuenta: lcrgaba <br>Nombre: luis carlos rojas <br>Seguidores: 573 <br>Resultado: 48.39  %","Cuenta: jeroriveracine <br>Nombre: jeronimorivera <br>Seguidores: 5216 <br>Resultado: 50.82  %","Cuenta: DaynerOCruz <br>Nombre: Dayner O. Cruz <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: mudralfari <br>Nombre: Mudralfari <br>Seguidores: 90 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: luisfariasl <br>Nombre: Luís Farias López <br>Seguidores: 226 <br>Resultado: 88.39  %","Cuenta: lucasarnau <br>Nombre: Lucas Arnau <br>Seguidores: 501407 <br>Resultado: 75.17  %","Cuenta: danielquiroga <br>Nombre: Daniel Quiroga <br>Seguidores: 21508 <br>Resultado: 75.25  %","Cuenta: manuel1548_ <br>Nombre: manuel cogollo <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 44.44  %","Cuenta: Hipsterlativo <br>Nombre: IDK <br>Seguidores: 98430 <br>Resultado: 79.7  %","Cuenta: EnterateCali <br>Nombre: Entérate Cali <br>Seguidores: 434581 <br>Resultado: 49  %","Cuenta: criaturasp <br>Nombre: Criaturas al Poder <br>Seguidores: 462 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: nicolasfeliperp <br>Nombre: Nicolas Rodríguez <br>Seguidores: 9417 <br>Resultado: 72.73  %","Cuenta: j_alexalzate <br>Nombre: ALEX ALZATE <br>Seguidores: 652 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: gacr17801 <br>Nombre: Gacr1780 ↗️ <br>Seguidores: 1448 <br>Resultado: 90.48  %","Cuenta: lincurvy <br>Nombre: Linda🦋 <br>Seguidores: 25 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: liberte_97 <br>Nombre: SP Democracia & Libertad <br>Seguidores: 681 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: lacoronadation <br>Nombre: Diana Coronado <br>Seguidores: 2804 <br>Resultado: 35.9  %","Cuenta: brandonbellost <br>Nombre: Brandon Bello <br>Seguidores: 501 <br>Resultado: 88  %","Cuenta: luisy0582 <br>Nombre: LUCHO KIKE <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 63.64  %","Cuenta: EncuestasImpar1 <br>Nombre: 📊 Encuestas Imparciales <br>Seguidores: 1776 <br>Resultado: 68.89  %","Cuenta: carlosbernierc3 <br>Nombre: Bernie <br>Seguidores: 684 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: nichoalajillo <br>Nombre: Don Nicho <br>Seguidores: 4491 <br>Resultado: 58.96  %","Cuenta: rodrigocasasa <br>Nombre: Rodrigo Casas <br>Seguidores: 7681 <br>Resultado: 95.91  %","Cuenta: jobtips_ <br>Nombre: jobtips_ <br>Seguidores: 66041 <br>Resultado: 60.07  %","Cuenta: elmetacho_ <br>Nombre: Metacho. <br>Seguidores: 314550 <br>Resultado: 79.22  %","Cuenta: alemoros <br>Nombre: Variedades Isa_Mar <br>Seguidores: 485 <br>Resultado: 82.35  %","Cuenta: lauraroblesruiz <br>Nombre: Daniela... <br>Seguidores: 666 <br>Resultado: 82.05  %","Cuenta: danilo_s06 <br>Nombre: 𝓓𝓪𝓷𝓲𝓵𝓸 <br>Seguidores: 53 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: elgolgarracol <br>Nombre: Gol Garra ⚽ <br>Seguidores: 118609 <br>Resultado: 53.7  %","Cuenta: marcogmusica <br>Nombre: Marco. <br>Seguidores: 39550 <br>Resultado: 67.49  %","Cuenta: NandoBenavidesC <br>Nombre: Nando Benavides Correa <br>Seguidores: 1293 <br>Resultado: 71.43  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dan_ichu <br>Nombre: Danny Chamorro <br>Seguidores: 3860 <br>Resultado: 24.24  %","Cuenta: usechepily <br>Nombre: pily <br>Seguidores: 12885 <br>Resultado: 28.87  %","Cuenta: gabbiigc <br>Nombre: Gabriela <br>Seguidores: 1215 <br>Resultado: 17.39  %","Cuenta: naruchiquito <br>Nombre: N A R U <br>Seguidores: 14 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jorge_dhl <br>Nombre: Jorge De la Hoz L. <br>Seguidores: 623 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: uribpi2 <br>Nombre: Uriel ♒ <br>Seguidores: 4585 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: dan_ichu <br>Nombre: Danny Chamorro <br>Seguidores: 3861 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: encuestascolo11 <br>Nombre: Encuestadora política <br>Seguidores: 593 <br>Resultado: 4.01  %","Cuenta: albherc4357 <br>Nombre: Albherc4357 <br>Seguidores: 1 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: leonardojerez1 <br>Nombre: Leonardo Jerez <br>Seguidores: 168 <br>Resultado: 37.5  %","Cuenta: avolopez <br>Nombre: Avo López <br>Seguidores: 1393 <br>Resultado: 67.65  %","Cuenta: bluvalledupar <br>Nombre: BLUvalledupar <br>Seguidores: 1506 <br>Resultado: 17.39  %","Cuenta: edwardaaronca <br>Nombre: Edward Aaron Calle <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jossegregory <br>Nombre: Gяεgσяισ Vαяgαs <br>Seguidores: 21597 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: estadisticas_co <br>Nombre: Solo Estadisticas <br>Seguidores: 6384 <br>Resultado: 7.85  %","Cuenta: rodgar11 <br>Nombre: rodgar1 <br>Seguidores: 2394 <br>Resultado: 90.22  %","Cuenta: ankara300 <br>Nombre: ANKARA <br>Seguidores: 7746 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: enterate_bogota <br>Nombre: Entérate Bogotá <br>Seguidores: 1967 <br>Resultado: 13.16  %","Cuenta: encuestascolo11 <br>Nombre: enpocol <br>Seguidores: 603 <br>Resultado: 14.05  %","Cuenta: bucaranotas <br>Nombre: NotasBucara <br>Seguidores: 2215 <br>Resultado: 18.64  %","Cuenta: FernanMartinez <br>Nombre: Fernán Martinez <br>Seguidores: 314284 <br>Resultado: 63.66  %","Cuenta: davidsanntiago <br>Nombre: David Santiago. <br>Seguidores: 264 <br>Resultado: 9.24  %","Cuenta: noticias_bm <br>Nombre: BM Noticias Co <br>Seguidores: 24 <br>Resultado: 5  %","Cuenta: tigre903 <br>Nombre: Jorge M. <br>Seguidores: 1148 <br>Resultado: 55.56  %","Cuenta: afroVisible <br>Nombre: afroVisible <br>Seguidores: 3385 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jhonalexandergh <br>Nombre: Jhon Guevara <br>Seguidores: 3588 <br>Resultado: 2.74  %","Cuenta: ElGranDebate <br>Nombre: Adolfo Beck-Beckrtv.com <br>Seguidores: 4139 <br>Resultado: 74.11  %","Cuenta: josellinas70 <br>Nombre: Jose Ignacio Llinás Chica <br>Seguidores: 4544 <br>Resultado: 3.83  %","Cuenta: DanielC021vet <br>Nombre: Daniel <br>Seguidores: 27 <br>Resultado: 21.83  %","Cuenta: Fernand82951691 <br>Nombre: El cordobés <br>Seguidores: 3025 <br>Resultado: 1.7  %","Cuenta: sebastiangue2 <br>Nombre: 🇨🇴🇨🇴Sebas 🐝🐝🇨🇴🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 686 <br>Resultado: 15.94  %","Cuenta: camiloprietoval <br>Nombre: Camilo Prieto <br>Seguidores: 89856 <br>Resultado: 24.54  %","Cuenta: cesarmendozaro <br>Nombre: Cesar Mendoza <br>Seguidores: 3049 <br>Resultado: 5.51  %","Cuenta: dinoapetro <br>Nombre: Anti Petrista de Corazon <br>Seguidores: 52 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: psicorebelde <br>Nombre: Psicólogo Rebelde <br>Seguidores: 986 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: robinsonbaena <br>Nombre: 🥑Robinson Crusoe. 🥑👽🐝🥑☕ <br>Seguidores: 1758 <br>Resultado: 0.76  %","Cuenta: cam_ortiz0599 <br>Nombre: Cam <br>Seguidores: 138 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: prensatucucuta <br>Nombre: Tu Cúcuta <br>Seguidores: 378 <br>Resultado: 26.32  %","Cuenta: soydssc <br>Nombre: Daniel <br>Seguidores: 3 <br>Resultado: 13.89  %","Cuenta: WilmerBeltran6 <br>Nombre: W beltran <br>Seguidores: 25 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: memoriapolitico <br>Nombre: 🇨🇴Aquí 🇨🇴Diciendo Cosas🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 258 <br>Resultado: 46.43  %","Cuenta: ganeshagates <br>Nombre: 💋GANESHA GATES 💋 <br>Seguidores: 2948 <br>Resultado: 5.56  %","Cuenta: tigre903 <br>Nombre: Jorge M. <br>Seguidores: 1154 <br>Resultado: 88.89  %","Cuenta: danivasqez <br>Nombre: Daniela Vasquez <br>Seguidores: 724 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: Elbuentaxista7 <br>Nombre: El Buen Taxista <br>Seguidores: 451 <br>Resultado: 57.14  %","Cuenta: noticiasrptv <br>Nombre: NOTICIAS RPTV <br>Seguidores: 7491 <br>Resultado: 42.86  %","Cuenta: elsantixxxx <br>Nombre: Guzmán ♛. <br>Seguidores: 346 <br>Resultado: 23.81  %","Cuenta: ankara300 <br>Nombre: ANKARA <br>Seguidores: 7768 <br>Resultado: 2.23  %","Cuenta: lafuncionariaco <br>Nombre: Funcionaria Pública <br>Seguidores: 831 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: EfrainHdezChica <br>Nombre: Efrain Hdez Chica <br>Seguidores: 434 <br>Resultado: 39.6  %","Cuenta: natalygr16 <br>Nombre: Natalyguevara16 <br>Seguidores: 63078 <br>Resultado: 22.75  %","Cuenta: momento24co <br>Nombre: Momento24 <br>Seguidores: 1116 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: yovph <br>Nombre: Gio <br>Seguidores: 49 <br>Resultado: 45.45  %","Cuenta: jhonlopez_99 <br>Nombre: Jhon jairo López ortiz <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jjonsa2 <br>Nombre: Jjonsa <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 8.33  %","Cuenta: colombiaresist7 <br>Nombre: COLOMBIA RESISTE🇨🇴❤ <br>Seguidores: 11 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: alvaritoposada <br>Nombre: Alvaro Posada <br>Seguidores: 1099 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: shadowstark40 <br>Nombre: Shadow Stark <br>Seguidores: 67 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: carlosmedinag1 <br>Nombre: Carlos Medina G <br>Seguidores: 8190 <br>Resultado: 1.52  %","Cuenta: infopoliticacol <br>Nombre: Info Politica Col 🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 67.03  %","Cuenta: jobtips_ <br>Nombre: jobtips_ <br>Seguidores: 64454 <br>Resultado: 14.22  %","Cuenta: ValoraAnalitik <br>Nombre: Valora Analitik <br>Seguidores: 61246 <br>Resultado: 12.38  %","Cuenta: juanpabloquin_ <br>Nombre: Juan Pablo Quintero <br>Seguidores: 313 <br>Resultado: 5.56  %","Cuenta: henrymorenon <br>Nombre: Henry Moreno Oficial <br>Seguidores: 362 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: CarlosDavidPJ <br>Nombre: Carlos David Peña J🪐 <br>Seguidores: 269 <br>Resultado: 34.55  %","Cuenta: gusnegocios <br>Nombre: Gustavo Diaz <br>Seguidores: 3121 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: voceroscolombia <br>Nombre: Voceros <br>Seguidores: 360 <br>Resultado: 17.51  %","Cuenta: encuestascolo11 <br>Nombre: enpocol <br>Seguidores: 603 <br>Resultado: 19.44  %","Cuenta: chopachon <br>Nombre: Oscar J. Pachón C. <br>Seguidores: 649 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: sanchezrusinke <br>Nombre: Rusinke, pero sin Cielo <br>Seguidores: 1635 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: jafan6a <br>Nombre: Javier Andrade <br>Seguidores: 200 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: tobonsanin <br>Nombre: Gilberto Tobón Sanín <br>Seguidores: 470928 <br>Resultado: 12.01  %","Cuenta: andres11quiceno <br>Nombre: Andrés Quiceno <br>Seguidores: 798 <br>Resultado: 9.76  %","Cuenta: legarda77443474 <br>Nombre: El Man de los CROCS <br>Seguidores: 24123 <br>Resultado: 90.57  %","Cuenta: filigramaospina <br>Nombre: Jhonathan Ospina filigrama <br>Seguidores: 55 <br>Resultado: 16  %","Cuenta: danielmesaq24 <br>Nombre: Daniel Mesa <br>Seguidores: 938 <br>Resultado: 81.69  %","Cuenta: luiscrh <br>Nombre: Luis Carlos Reyes <br>Seguidores: 13292 <br>Resultado: 12.14  %","Cuenta: miguelsilvabog <br>Nombre: Miguel Silva <br>Seguidores: 10415 <br>Resultado: 22.74  %","Cuenta: hufercao04 <br>Nombre: HUGO FERNANDO CO. <br>Seguidores: 3286 <br>Resultado: 35.14  %","Cuenta: encuestasimpar1 <br>Nombre: 📊 Encuestas Imparciales <br>Seguidores: 1784 <br>Resultado: 28.12  %","Cuenta: santicasarrubia <br>Nombre: Santiago Casarrubia <br>Seguidores: 596 <br>Resultado: 26.32  %","Cuenta: todoelmundodic <br>Nombre: TODO EL MUNDO DICE <br>Seguidores: 80 <br>Resultado: 8  %","Cuenta: michellegonza94 <br>Nombre: Miguel Ángel Ortiz <br>Seguidores: 865 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: Debate2022 <br>Nombre: Elecciones2022 <br>Seguidores: 8856 <br>Resultado: 27.34  %","Cuenta: luis10337702 <br>Nombre: La Colombia olvidada <br>Seguidores: 7008 <br>Resultado: 6.52  %","Cuenta: juanpab61249706 <br>Nombre: Juanpablo <br>Seguidores: 168 <br>Resultado: 1.96  %","Cuenta: andresdiaz2012 <br>Nombre: Andrés Diaz 🌀 <br>Seguidores: 1961 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: antonioceram <br>Nombre: Kiara reutilia <br>Seguidores: 125 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: TulcanAlveiro <br>Nombre: Alveiro Tulcan <br>Seguidores: 1990 <br>Resultado: 2.05  %","Cuenta: camilocarpo <br>Nombre: Camilo Cardenas <br>Seguidores: 1586 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: ozkr_19oficial <br>Nombre: Oscar Ochoa <br>Seguidores: 123 <br>Resultado: 13.33  %","Cuenta: garzonnortes <br>Nombre: F🌟🌞🌞☀️☀️ G <br>Seguidores: 358 <br>Resultado: 6.53  %","Cuenta: cpolo68 <br>Nombre: Chepolo <br>Seguidores: 609 <br>Resultado: 5  %","Cuenta: MR__ANDRES <br>Nombre: 🅼🆁 🅰🅽🅳🆁🅴🆂 <br>Seguidores: 20 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: DulceAventura2 <br>Nombre: Dulce Aventura <br>Seguidores: 8017 <br>Resultado: 22.54  %","Cuenta: jsrinconc <br>Nombre: Jhoan Sebastian Rincon Cardenas <br>Seguidores: 126 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: ximepgr <br>Nombre: Ximena 23K sigámonos 🥑🐝❤️‍🔥 <br>Seguidores: 23762 <br>Resultado: 1.05  %","Cuenta: colombiavota_ <br>Nombre: Colombia Vota 2022 🗳️ <br>Seguidores: 373 <br>Resultado: 5.02  %","Cuenta: zevaztiancortes <br>Nombre: Sebastián Cortés🌎 <br>Seguidores: 300 <br>Resultado: 25.93  %","Cuenta: LaBodeguita_TV <br>Nombre: La Bodeguita <br>Seguidores: 14148 <br>Resultado: 89.45  %","Cuenta: sergi0r0jas <br>Nombre: ★ SERGIO ROJAS ★ <br>Seguidores: 1530 <br>Resultado: 7.41  %","Cuenta: alexandertiquea <br>Nombre: Alexander Tique <br>Seguidores: 374 <br>Resultado: 14.81  %","Cuenta: revistagrama <br>Nombre: Revista Grama Internacional © <br>Seguidores: 7890 <br>Resultado: 47.57  %","Cuenta: josluis34430545 <br>Nombre: José C. <br>Seguidores: 1575 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: AnonySudamerica <br>Nombre: Anonymous Sudamerica🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 23672 <br>Resultado: 4.17  %","Cuenta: pipekmacho <br>Nombre: Felipe Camacho <br>Seguidores: 537 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: colombiaenmex <br>Nombre: ColombianosEnMéxico <br>Seguidores: 2388 <br>Resultado: 8.57  %","Cuenta: juancahernandez <br>Nombre: JuanCarlos Hernández <br>Seguidores: 369 <br>Resultado: 73.32  %","Cuenta: encuestascolo11 <br>Nombre: Simplemente Encuestas 🇨🇴📊 <br>Seguidores: 601 <br>Resultado: 30.3  %","Cuenta: mapias15 <br>Nombre: mapiaguilars <br>Seguidores: 19820 <br>Resultado: 4.84  %","Cuenta: hoynoticias2 <br>Nombre: Hoy|Noticias <br>Seguidores: 3747 <br>Resultado: 5.71  %","Cuenta: nelsonpachon <br>Nombre: Nelson Pachón <br>Seguidores: 187 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: alexmcortes1 <br>Nombre: ALEX M CORTES <br>Seguidores: 11476 <br>Resultado: 20.41  %","Cuenta: pactoguajira <br>Nombre: PACTO HISTÓRICO GUAJIRA <br>Seguidores: 334 <br>Resultado: 7.14  %","Cuenta: alexhogarymoda <br>Nombre: Alexis Escobar <br>Seguidores: 350 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: rrodolfistas <br>Nombre: Red Rodolfistas <br>Seguidores: 769 <br>Resultado: 7.96  %","Cuenta: alejandrosua18 <br>Nombre: Alejandro Suárez <br>Seguidores: 88 <br>Resultado: 89.98  %","Cuenta: mariana98785337 <br>Nombre: MARIANA RODRIGUEZ DIAZ <br>Seguidores: 3504 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: andruepi <br>Nombre: Gio rey <br>Seguidores: 303 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: ingjohnortiz <br>Nombre: John Ortiz <br>Seguidores: 259 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: christianrc1 <br>Nombre: Christian Rodriguez <br>Seguidores: 164 <br>Resultado: 35.29  %","Cuenta: jayorco <br>Nombre: Jayo <br>Seguidores: 84 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: bacteriapiensa <br>Nombre: Bacteria <br>Seguidores: 195 <br>Resultado: 2.39  %","Cuenta: _jorgeisaac342 <br>Nombre: Jorge Isaac López <br>Seguidores: 552 <br>Resultado: 7.69  %","Cuenta: pleyadiano83 <br>Nombre: Pleyadiano <br>Seguidores: 1119 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jororman2014 <br>Nombre: Joran <br>Seguidores: 4078 <br>Resultado: 5.01  %","Cuenta: mariogongora42 <br>Nombre: 🌅Mario Góngora 🚑🏥 <br>Seguidores: 41 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: laboyacenseonl1 <br>Nombre: @laboyacenseonline <br>Seguidores: 1202 <br>Resultado: 74.03  %","Cuenta: ghodwalker <br>Nombre: Gerhard Hodwalker <br>Seguidores: 737 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: leonelterraza99 <br>Nombre: Sintitubeo <br>Seguidores: 45 <br>Resultado: 80  %","Cuenta: ramirezever <br>Nombre: Ramírez Quiroga E <br>Seguidores: 3914 <br>Resultado: 4.76  %","Cuenta: andresabellol <br>Nombre: ANDRÉS ABELLO LÓPEZ <br>Seguidores: 602 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: NicoBetancourts <br>Nombre: Nicolás Betancourt <br>Seguidores: 361 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: javiermonje_ <br>Nombre: Javier Monje <br>Seguidores: 273 <br>Resultado: 4.15  %","Cuenta: meli_paez_ <br>Nombre: canuto <br>Seguidores: 1119 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: jhonmor48056057 <br>Nombre: Jhon Moreno <br>Seguidores: 81 <br>Resultado: 5  %","Cuenta: donhpcolombiano <br>Nombre: Todos los días me paro...pero a trabajar. <br>Seguidores: 2275 <br>Resultado: 92.37  %","Cuenta: cucuta_men <br>Nombre: J. Andres Villa <br>Seguidores: 2237 <br>Resultado: 38.24  %","Cuenta: homerocritico <br>Nombre: Homero Histórico <br>Seguidores: 37 <br>Resultado: 6.25  %","Cuenta: bgadenuncia1 <br>Nombre: Bgadenuncia_ <br>Seguidores: 1 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: yulieruran <br>Nombre: yuyu <br>Seguidores: 524 <br>Resultado: 7.69  %","Cuenta: alexvalenkno <br>Nombre: Caballero🇨🇴Templario🇩🇪SgloXXI🇨🇴🇩🇪 <br>Seguidores: 198 <br>Resultado: 2  %","Cuenta: tatasanmiguel10 <br>Nombre: @tatasanmiguel <br>Seguidores: 1901 <br>Resultado: 95.92  %","Cuenta: alfredobustillo <br>Nombre: ALFREDO BUSTILLO <br>Seguidores: 966 <br>Resultado: 52.78  %","Cuenta: nestorchef7 <br>Nombre: Néstor <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 1.57  %","Cuenta: daniel_ayalaf <br>Nombre: Daniel <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 51.43  %","Cuenta: eliecercamilo3 <br>Nombre: ELIECER CAMILO <br>Seguidores: 422 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: IESprisantander <br>Nombre: IES PRIVADAS DE SANTANDER <br>Seguidores: 66 <br>Resultado: 1.54  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Luis Roberto Hernández <br>Seguidores: 264 <br>Resultado: 5.26  %","Cuenta: jaimebordaval1 <br>Nombre: Jaime Borda V <br>Seguidores: 636 <br>Resultado: 15.38  %","Cuenta: encuestaspolit <br>Nombre: Encuestas en linea <br>Seguidores: 994 <br>Resultado: 21.04  %","Cuenta: SMinoush <br>Nombre: Lili! <br>Seguidores: 1719 <br>Resultado: 6.9  %","Cuenta: gustavoguio <br>Nombre: Gustavo Andrés Guío Barrera <br>Seguidores: 298 <br>Resultado: 20.75  %","Cuenta: San_Tolima <br>Nombre: San Luis Tolima <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: scabana7 <br>Nombre: Sebastian Cabana <br>Seguidores: 393 <br>Resultado: 44.44  %","Cuenta: gandour <br>Nombre: gandour <br>Seguidores: 1452 <br>Resultado: 7.14  %","Cuenta: 360radioco <br>Nombre: 360 Radio <br>Seguidores: 49002 <br>Resultado: 58.82  %","Cuenta: duvanfarc <br>Nombre: Duvan Rodríguez <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: Debate2022 <br>Nombre: Elecciones2022 <br>Seguidores: 8971 <br>Resultado: 11.53  %","Cuenta: javiersilva0826 <br>Nombre: Pikachu de Musk y del Cambio por la Vida <br>Seguidores: 515 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: monteriacalle <br>Nombre: Callejero D Montería <br>Seguidores: 15732 <br>Resultado: 36.36  %","Cuenta: jagrueso <br>Nombre: Jesús Alberto Grueso <br>Seguidores: 21570 <br>Resultado: 1.69  %","Cuenta: carlosandresd_ <br>Nombre: Carlos Andrés Delgado <br>Seguidores: 276 <br>Resultado: 30  %","Cuenta: sebasgonpe18 <br>Nombre: Sebastian Gonzalez P <br>Seguidores: 91 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: vanedelatorre <br>Nombre: Vanessa De La Torre <br>Seguidores: 489349 <br>Resultado: 22.35  %","Cuenta: JohnjairoGmezR3 <br>Nombre: John jairo Gómez Rozo <br>Seguidores: 278 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: Margaret_F21 <br>Nombre: Margaret <br>Seguidores: 69 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: oscargualdron <br>Nombre: Oscar Gualdrón Lara <br>Seguidores: 696 <br>Resultado: 18.52  %","Cuenta: news247k <br>Nombre: Pacto histórico <br>Seguidores: 37 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: moviluppolitic <br>Nombre: Movilup Politic <br>Seguidores: 143 <br>Resultado: 23.08  %","Cuenta: jesmar72 <br>Nombre: Jesús Martínez <br>Seguidores: 24 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: polombiano88 <br>Nombre: Polombiano <br>Seguidores: 122 <br>Resultado: 21.43  %","Cuenta: adolfofv12 <br>Nombre: Adolfo Fernández V. <br>Seguidores: 181 <br>Resultado: 18.52  %","Cuenta: hernandomarti <br>Nombre: Hernando Jose Martinez <br>Seguidores: 24835 <br>Resultado: 87  %","Cuenta: garzonnortes <br>Nombre: F🌟🌞🌞☀️☀️ G <br>Seguidores: 539 <br>Resultado: 2.85  %","Cuenta: royserna <br>Nombre: POLLO SIN MENTE <br>Seguidores: 1405 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: teveoenclases <br>Nombre: Teveoenclases <br>Seguidores: 1860 <br>Resultado: 2.17  %","Cuenta: cncquindio <br>Nombre: CNC Quindio <br>Seguidores: 2522 <br>Resultado: 10.53  %","Cuenta: arvel33 <br>Nombre: arvel Liunsky <br>Seguidores: 145 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: idickyj <br>Nombre: ⓘ EsteUsuario. <br>Seguidores: 15639 <br>Resultado: 4.55  %","Cuenta: laperreraco <br>Nombre: La Perrera Política <br>Seguidores: 758 <br>Resultado: 5  %","Cuenta: yonathanab98 <br>Nombre: Yonathan Alexis Betancur <br>Seguidores: 597 <br>Resultado: 85.29  %","Cuenta: nestor_ramjim_ <br>Nombre: Nestor Elias RAMIREZ <br>Seguidores: 19 <br>Resultado: 2.27  %","Cuenta: vladimirhermann <br>Nombre: Vladimir Hermann <br>Seguidores: 388 <br>Resultado: 5.65  %","Cuenta: cmunoz197801 <br>Nombre: PACHECO01 <br>Seguidores: 286 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: marishelsromero <br>Nombre: Marishel <br>Seguidores: 593 <br>Resultado: 8  %","Cuenta: PrensaTibanica <br>Nombre: PrensaTibanica <br>Seguidores: 426 <br>Resultado: 17.14  %","Cuenta: pablovi29257066 <br>Nombre: pablo villalba <br>Seguidores: 155 <br>Resultado: 4.06  %","Cuenta: san_tolima <br>Nombre: San Luis Tolima <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: notinaldigital <br>Nombre: Noticiero Nacional Digital <br>Seguidores: 2764 <br>Resultado: 12.59  %","Cuenta: germanzapatave <br>Nombre: Germán Zapata Vergara <br>Seguidores: 5232 <br>Resultado: 12.21  %","Cuenta: alejand77819825 <br>Nombre: ALEJANDRO GUTIERREZ <br>Seguidores: 16 <br>Resultado: 40  %","Cuenta: democratajoven <br>Nombre: PENSAMIENTO JOVEN <br>Seguidores: 44 <br>Resultado: 91.94  %","Cuenta: politicvirtual <br>Nombre: Política Virtual <br>Seguidores: 511 <br>Resultado: 75.51  %","Cuenta: jossegregory <br>Nombre: Gяεgσяισ Vαяgαs <br>Seguidores: 21552 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: fuelsmicroalgae <br>Nombre: Anti fascista <br>Seguidores: 1186 <br>Resultado: 5.98  %","Cuenta: mrjuaaan <br>Nombre: Juan!!!!!! <br>Seguidores: 499 <br>Resultado: 13.89  %","Cuenta: nuryriao1 <br>Nombre: NOalestadoopresivo <br>Seguidores: 42 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: erick83186415 <br>Nombre: Erick <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: NaN  %","Cuenta: leonzambrano <br>Nombre: Leonardo Zambrano <br>Seguidores: 115 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: richenao <br>Nombre: Ricardo Henao Calderón <br>Seguidores: 85091 <br>Resultado: 86.51  %","Cuenta: joseromero1212 <br>Nombre: Jose A <br>Seguidores: 1355 <br>Resultado: 0.98  %","Cuenta: 1900d91491a7425 <br>Nombre: Diana Conde <br>Seguidores: 272 <br>Resultado: 36.36  %","Cuenta: justi_ciega <br>Nombre: Justicia Ciega <br>Seguidores: 31 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: claudiavallejo_ <br>Nombre: claudia vallejo <br>Seguidores: 273 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: carolin70405757 <br>Nombre: Carolina Guerra <br>Seguidores: 91 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: teacherbopi <br>Nombre: Boris Piñeres Yanes <br>Seguidores: 793 <br>Resultado: 23.08  %","Cuenta: cesarv2014 <br>Nombre: Cesar'Valdez💎🔥 <br>Seguidores: 1287 <br>Resultado: 42.86  %","Cuenta: luis12213247 <br>Nombre: Luis <br>Seguidores: 3 <br>Resultado: 66.67  %","Cuenta: alejitomijodrum <br>Nombre: Alejandro Rodríguez <br>Seguidores: 462 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: ibacas68 <br>Nombre: Jose Javier Ibañez C <br>Seguidores: 1200 <br>Resultado: 17.5  %","Cuenta: megacolombian <br>Nombre: Mega Colombian <br>Seguidores: 520 <br>Resultado: 9.43  %","Cuenta: mauriciolarrot7 <br>Nombre: Mauricio Larrottac <br>Seguidores: 19 <br>Resultado: 40  %","Cuenta: sergio_prieto10 <br>Nombre: Sergio David Prieto Romero <br>Seguidores: 2943 <br>Resultado: 67.84  %","Cuenta: lpdavila2008 <br>Nombre: LMPD <br>Seguidores: 79 <br>Resultado: NaN  %","Cuenta: lavozlahistoria <br>Nombre: Anderson Escobar <br>Seguidores: 40 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: castellanosfj <br>Nombre: Francisco Castellanos 🇺🇳 <br>Seguidores: 7780 <br>Resultado: 2.36  %","Cuenta: paranoidrockbar <br>Nombre: 𝕻𝖆𝖗𝖆𝖓𝖔𝖎𝖉 𝕽𝖔𝖈𝖐 𝕭𝖆𝖗 - Edward Rubiano <br>Seguidores: 284 <br>Resultado: 3.81  %","Cuenta: wilkinmarin <br>Nombre: @wilkinmarin <br>Seguidores: 648 <br>Resultado: 13.73  %","Cuenta: soyandresgo29 <br>Nombre: Andrés GO <br>Seguidores: 576 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jhonpin01422473 <br>Nombre: Jhon monsalve <br>Seguidores: 12 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: awitaecoc <br>Nombre: awitaecoco🇨🇴🥵 <br>Seguidores: 19 <br>Resultado: 20.79  %","Cuenta: DavidVevo20 <br>Nombre: VEVO STUDIOS COLOMBIA ™ <br>Seguidores: 23 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: benjumeatirado <br>Nombre: Juan Tirado Benjumea <br>Seguidores: 1051 <br>Resultado: 9.09  %","Cuenta: camilowhite1992 <br>Nombre: Camilo Blanco <br>Seguidores: 1800 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: enfoquenoticios <br>Nombre: @enfoquenoticioso <br>Seguidores: 1350 <br>Resultado: 97.01  %","Cuenta: jalbertopd77 <br>Nombre: Jaime Pérez Díaz <br>Seguidores: 90 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: iamcortes__ <br>Nombre: Javier Cortes <br>Seguidores: 102 <br>Resultado: NaN  %","Cuenta: moviluppolitic <br>Nombre: Movilup Politic <br>Seguidores: 141 <br>Resultado: 24.72  %","Cuenta: dogorfox <br>Nombre: Diego Pinzon <br>Seguidores: 119 <br>Resultado: 18.18  %","Cuenta: camiarredondod <br>Nombre: María Camila Arredondo <br>Seguidores: 857 <br>Resultado: 55.1  %","Cuenta: Tomas_Albeiro <br>Nombre: Tomas Albeiro <br>Seguidores: 250 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: el__rifas <br>Nombre: Yostin Suspendido <br>Seguidores: 611 <br>Resultado: 58.54  %","Cuenta: juanda_vera_ <br>Nombre: David_Vera <br>Seguidores: 331 <br>Resultado: 9.09  %","Cuenta: rafermora <br>Nombre: Fercho <br>Seguidores: 167 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: laboyacenseonl1 <br>Nombre: @laboyacenseonline <br>Seguidores: 1202 <br>Resultado: 71.5  %","Cuenta: activocucuta69 <br>Nombre: Eduar <br>Seguidores: 1370 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: alinsong10 <br>Nombre: Alinson Gonzalez <br>Seguidores: 2083 <br>Resultado: 25.76  %","Cuenta: nancy39906574 <br>Nombre: Nancy Arias G. <br>Seguidores: 31 <br>Resultado: 75  %","Cuenta: _juanluisguerra <br>Nombre: Juan Luis Guerra <br>Seguidores: 180 <br>Resultado: 15.91  %","Cuenta: elkinnain1 <br>Nombre: nain <br>Seguidores: 844 <br>Resultado: 5.67  %","Cuenta: mmiguelpn <br>Nombre: MiguelS2022 <br>Seguidores: 202 <br>Resultado: 6.22  %","Cuenta: edwinle43709332 <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Pérez Bernal <br>Seguidores: 5453 <br>Resultado: 5.48  %","Cuenta: eguinperez <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Perez AntiuribistasigueAntiuribista <br>Seguidores: 8782 <br>Resultado: 5.25  %","Cuenta: centroizquierd1 <br>Nombre: Centro Izquierda <br>Seguidores: 558 <br>Resultado: 5.48  %","Cuenta: stebang93 <br>Nombre: Esteban Guerra <br>Seguidores: 57114 <br>Resultado: 23.26  %","Cuenta: dieguito_tp <br>Nombre: Diego Tunjo Pinilla <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: 10.96  %","Cuenta: ankara300 <br>Nombre: ANKARA <br>Seguidores: 8453 <br>Resultado: 5.56  %","Cuenta: avanzarahora <br>Nombre: INFORMAR <br>Seguidores: 320 <br>Resultado: 4.26  %","Cuenta: donhpcolombiano <br>Nombre: Yo me identiFICO...identifícate tu también. <br>Seguidores: 2290 <br>Resultado: 67.12  %","Cuenta: carlosantares <br>Nombre: Carlos Ochoa <br>Seguidores: 1076 <br>Resultado: 97.78  %","Cuenta: bucaranotas <br>Nombre: NotasBucara <br>Seguidores: 2425 <br>Resultado: 17.91  %","Cuenta: alexbta94 <br>Nombre: Alex <br>Seguidores: 252 <br>Resultado: 4.04  %","Cuenta: alejobarragans <br>Nombre: Alejo Barragán S. <br>Seguidores: 15158 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: alejoocampog <br>Nombre: Alejandro Ocampo <br>Seguidores: 5072 <br>Resultado: 4.89  %","Cuenta: soylaverdeee <br>Nombre: Solari <br>Seguidores: 293 <br>Resultado: 6.49  %","Cuenta: 360radioco <br>Nombre: 360 Radio <br>Seguidores: 49340 <br>Resultado: 69.94  %","Cuenta: Samibruno <br>Nombre: 🌷 𝕊𝕒𝕞𝕚 🌷 <br>Seguidores: 13272 <br>Resultado: 15.5  %","Cuenta: Patrici28488735 <br>Nombre: PatMor2019 <br>Seguidores: 1482 <br>Resultado: 35.48  %","Cuenta: jfjgonzalez <br>Nombre: Arquímedes <br>Seguidores: 1326 <br>Resultado: 6.38  %","Cuenta: lchaves12271242 <br>Nombre: Lucho Beto ✌🏽 <br>Seguidores: 728 <br>Resultado: 1.53  %","Cuenta: jcamiloorozco2 <br>Nombre: Juan  <br>Seguidores: 5669 <br>Resultado: 6.98  %","Cuenta: animodeofender_ <br>Nombre: Con ánimo de ofender <br>Seguidores: 39972 <br>Resultado: 6.08  %","Cuenta: eguinperez <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Perez AntiuribistasigueAntiuribista <br>Seguidores: 8792 <br>Resultado: 5.8  %","Cuenta: villabog <br>Nombre: Actualidad Col <br>Seguidores: 14 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: edwinle59158000 <br>Nombre: edwinleonardoperezbernal86@gmail.com <br>Seguidores: 571 <br>Resultado: 5.9  %","Cuenta: uriasv <br>Nombre: Urías Velásquez <br>Seguidores: 53820 <br>Resultado: 1.1  %","Cuenta: mamberroi___ <br>Nombre: why do you care? <br>Seguidores: 40 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: jaime58108924 <br>Nombre: Jaime <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 3.7  %","Cuenta: lafeadelgrup <br>Nombre: La Fea Del Grup <br>Seguidores: 4836 <br>Resultado: 5.71  %","Cuenta: aalexbeta89 <br>Nombre: Alex Segura <br>Seguidores: 13 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: vickydavilavih <br>Nombre: Vicky Devola <br>Seguidores: 134 <br>Resultado: 1.63  %","Cuenta: santiag44838539 <br>Nombre: Santiago Suárez <br>Seguidores: 53 <br>Resultado: 40  %","Cuenta: cacastella65 <br>Nombre: Carlos Castellanos <br>Seguidores: 743 <br>Resultado: 4.19  %","Cuenta: maormn <br>Nombre: Mauro N.N. <br>Seguidores: 10066 <br>Resultado: 58.54  %","Cuenta: titipizarro16 <br>Nombre: Titi Pizarro <br>Seguidores: 502 <br>Resultado: 5.71  %","Cuenta: Debate2022 <br>Nombre: Elecciones2022 <br>Seguidores: 8993 <br>Resultado: 5.32  %","Cuenta: ChinchillaYecid <br>Nombre: Yecid Chinchilla <br>Seguidores: 667 <br>Resultado: 7.14  %","Cuenta: j_bl10 <br>Nombre: j <br>Seguidores: 2590 <br>Resultado: 7.55  %","Cuenta: dianabotellove <br>Nombre: Diana Botello <br>Seguidores: 2329 <br>Resultado: 19.3  %","Cuenta: alexand36266859 <br>Nombre: vitalestoba <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: hugohdzp12 <br>Nombre: Hugo Hernández <br>Seguidores: 675 <br>Resultado: 6.45  %","Cuenta: avocolom <br>Nombre: A Votar Por Colombia <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: diegoal78912914 <br>Nombre: Diego Albarracin <br>Seguidores: 441 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: farfandiaz <br>Nombre: Jeffersson Diaz <br>Seguidores: 148 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: josmara82193071 <br>Nombre: José María Herrera Campillo <br>Seguidores: 84 <br>Resultado: 18.18  %","Cuenta: pequepeks045 <br>Nombre: Peque o Peks☽ <br>Seguidores: 3517 <br>Resultado: 9.09  %","Cuenta: josecmengual <br>Nombre: Jose Carlos Mengual <br>Seguidores: 1158 <br>Resultado: 23.08  %","Cuenta: noticias_24_ <br>Nombre: Noticias 24  <br>Seguidores: 2196 <br>Resultado: 80.35  %","Cuenta: carmao9 <br>Nombre: Carmao <br>Seguidores: 201 <br>Resultado: 3.11  %","Cuenta: danielhdz69 <br>Nombre: Daniel Hdz M <br>Seguidores: 69 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: jmab1982 <br>Nombre: un humano mas <br>Seguidores: 1006 <br>Resultado: 1.34  %","Cuenta: edwinle43709332 <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Pérez Bernal <br>Seguidores: 5583 <br>Resultado: 3.93  %","Cuenta: pukyseshotmail1 <br>Nombre: El Iguazon 🇨🇴 Colombia. <br>Seguidores: 9417 <br>Resultado: 4.96  %","Cuenta: FelipeVillamilO <br>Nombre: Felipe Villamil O. <br>Seguidores: 3728 <br>Resultado: 11.43  %","Cuenta: laperreraco <br>Nombre: La Perrera Política <br>Seguidores: 765 <br>Resultado: 13.04  %","Cuenta: maizzzber <br>Nombre: Maiber Olaya <br>Seguidores: 34984 <br>Resultado: 14.16  %","Cuenta: MIGUELA96784656 <br>Nombre: MIGUEL ANGEL ROMERO OCHOA <br>Seguidores: 2 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: davidhu20311187 <br>Nombre: Incredul0 <br>Seguidores: 635 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: dairoferia1 <br>Nombre: 🥑Dairoferia🥑🎉🎸 <br>Seguidores: 549 <br>Resultado: 4.35  %","Cuenta: gab_haa <br>Nombre: Gabriel <br>Seguidores: 59 <br>Resultado: 20.59  %","Cuenta: soynicomelendro <br>Nombre: Soy Nicolas Melendro <br>Seguidores: 122 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jahfrann <br>Nombre: Jahfrann <br>Seguidores: 66343 <br>Resultado: 1.58  %","Cuenta: caycedo1997 <br>Nombre: 𝓙𝓾𝓪𝓷 𝓢𝓮𝓫𝓪𝓼𝓽𝓲á𝓷 ®️ <br>Seguidores: 152 <br>Resultado: 11.43  %","Cuenta: enwichy <br>Nombre: Wichy En Las Redes <br>Seguidores: 1987 <br>Resultado: 13.8  %","Cuenta: juankynunez1999 <br>Nombre: Juan Camilo <br>Seguidores: 366 <br>Resultado: 2.86  %","Cuenta: cruzoscarmario <br>Nombre: Oscar Mario Cruz <br>Seguidores: 10256 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: yeisonbilingue <br>Nombre: yeison asprilla <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 13.21  %","Cuenta: jccalar <br>Nombre: JuanC <br>Seguidores: 1738 <br>Resultado: 2.01  %","Cuenta: solanm815 <br>Nombre: Maurovix .🇨🇴Latinoamérica sin socialismo✊ <br>Seguidores: 2694 <br>Resultado: 85.94  %","Cuenta: ganeshagates <br>Nombre: GANESHA GATES 🦋 <br>Seguidores: 7208 <br>Resultado: 3.17  %","Cuenta: fillsilva01 <br>Nombre: filacho <br>Seguidores: 906 <br>Resultado: 5.88  %","Cuenta: diegocajamarca1 <br>Nombre: Diego Cajamarca <br>Seguidores: 88 <br>Resultado: 7.69  %","Cuenta: catalondco <br>Nombre: Catalina Londoño <br>Seguidores: 6022 <br>Resultado: 1.43  %","Cuenta: RogerNiko <br>Nombre: ЯΘGΞRNIKΘ <br>Seguidores: 49 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: locaporamerica1 <br>Nombre: DIABLAxSIEMPRE 👹 <br>Seguidores: 3780 <br>Resultado: 16.3  %","Cuenta: chalajohnny3001 <br>Nombre: Johnny Chala <br>Seguidores: 41 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jennykathe <br>Nombre: Jennifer Castillo <br>Seguidores: 634 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: mmiguelpn <br>Nombre: MiguelS2022 <br>Seguidores: 204 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: sergioandresvr9 <br>Nombre: Sergio Andres Valencia <br>Seguidores: 885 <br>Resultado: 4.35  %","Cuenta: abrahamsoto01 <br>Nombre: Abraham Antonio Solano Torres <br>Seguidores: 2493 <br>Resultado: 3.03  %","Cuenta: miboyaca_co <br>Nombre: Mi Boyacá <br>Seguidores: 7891 <br>Resultado: 11.21  %","Cuenta: contadorfutbol <br>Nombre: ElContadordelFutbol <br>Seguidores: 178 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: josefdotatism <br>Nombre: JTM. <br>Seguidores: 242 <br>Resultado: 5.33  %","Cuenta: luisern00352785 <br>Nombre: Luis Ernesto Barrera <br>Seguidores: 124 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: ibadur16120910 <br>Nombre: Ruben Dario Benitez <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: alejandro_esch <br>Nombre: Alejandro Estupiñan <br>Seguidores: 333 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jalarcon_col <br>Nombre: 𝗝ota  <br>Seguidores: 408 <br>Resultado: 10.26  %","Cuenta: untalruales <br>Nombre: Anderson Ruales <br>Seguidores: 2062 <br>Resultado: 0.77  %","Cuenta: lauraaavidal_ <br>Nombre: 𝓛𝓪𝓾𝓻𝓪 𝓥𝓲𝓭𝓪𝓵 👑 <br>Seguidores: 236 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: notmsc22 <br>Nombre: Marcela <br>Seguidores: 681 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: isabela_alban <br>Nombre: Isabela Albán <br>Seguidores: 1979 <br>Resultado: 26.37  %","Cuenta: jesusivans17 <br>Nombre: Jesús Ivan Sanchez <br>Seguidores: 93 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: yeisonbilingue <br>Nombre: yeison asprilla <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: brunetteinmoral <br>Nombre: Maria <br>Seguidores: 11457 <br>Resultado: 20.34  %","Cuenta: enilsonjavier1 <br>Nombre: Enilson Javier🇨🇴🇨🇴🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: 9.09  %","Cuenta: vallejosaberia <br>Nombre: Saberia Vallejo <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: bascobscd <br>Nombre: Santiago Córdoba <br>Seguidores: 3761 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: colombia_dolor <br>Nombre: Petro Presidente <br>Seguidores: 88 <br>Resultado: 2.48  %","Cuenta: sago2022 <br>Nombre: Sago V. <br>Seguidores: 1298 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: vicmaodj <br>Nombre: Vicmaodj <br>Seguidores: 2 <br>Resultado: 11.76  %","Cuenta: vicmaodj <br>Nombre: Vicmaodj <br>Seguidores: 2 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: otroluismiguel <br>Nombre: luis miguel <br>Seguidores: 541 <br>Resultado: 30.97  %","Cuenta: andreadazalo <br>Nombre: Andrea Daza <br>Seguidores: 801 <br>Resultado: 64.71  %","Cuenta: canomenesesivan <br>Nombre: Iván David <br>Seguidores: 526 <br>Resultado: 2.67  %","Cuenta: jortiztorres10 <br>Nombre: Jesús Alberto Ortiz <br>Seguidores: 87 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: tremblemen <br>Nombre: tremblement☄️ <br>Seguidores: 100 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: brayhanvsoto1 <br>Nombre: Brayhan V. Soto <br>Seguidores: 783 <br>Resultado: 7.37  %","Cuenta: wilmarescribe <br>Nombre: w. Escribe <br>Seguidores: 46 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: villamil24_ <br>Nombre: Andrés Villamil <br>Seguidores: 6177 <br>Resultado: 2.38  %","Cuenta: aioraiz <br>Nombre: Walther Largo F <br>Seguidores: 14 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: bellocesar244 <br>Nombre: Cesar Mauricio Bello <br>Seguidores: 58 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: sloowlifee <br>Nombre: Ana María <br>Seguidores: 3558 <br>Resultado: 7.41  %","Cuenta: Atiipareja <br>Nombre: Bernardo Pareja Coy <br>Seguidores: 166 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: bjonathan0703 <br>Nombre: Jesus Barraza🦉 <br>Seguidores: 7607 <br>Resultado: 12.31  %","Cuenta: JOSEVIECCOM <br>Nombre: JOSE  VIECCO <br>Seguidores: 920 <br>Resultado: 22.22  %","Cuenta: fernandocorra02 <br>Nombre: Instagram: @shape.arq <br>Seguidores: 1800 <br>Resultado: 1.63  %","Cuenta: harvey_h__ <br>Nombre: Harvey <br>Seguidores: 47 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: diego38965711 <br>Nombre: Diego <br>Seguidores: 8 <br>Resultado: 7.69  %","Cuenta: nanism_ <br>Nombre: 🤍❤️🦁 <br>Seguidores: 400 <br>Resultado: 20.41  %","Cuenta: nataliiavalde2 <br>Nombre: NaTii Valde2 <br>Seguidores: 87 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: reaccionh <br>Nombre: Enrique del castillo <br>Seguidores: 23 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: cowil0419 <br>Nombre: Wii <br>Seguidores: 237 <br>Resultado: 5.26  %","Cuenta: moviluppolitic <br>Nombre: Movilup Politic <br>Seguidores: 142 <br>Resultado: 30  %","Cuenta: mattusspenagos <br>Nombre: Mattussalen <br>Seguidores: 3982 <br>Resultado: 1.75  %","Cuenta: daviid_pv <br>Nombre: Francisco David <br>Seguidores: 1036 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: andretojaimes <br>Nombre: Andreto Jaimes <br>Seguidores: 401 <br>Resultado: 11.76  %","Cuenta: gaboenlared <br>Nombre: Gabriel Orozco <br>Seguidores: 49960 <br>Resultado: 17.33  %","Cuenta: mariacharnish <br>Nombre: mchm <br>Seguidores: 1654 <br>Resultado: 14.47  %","Cuenta: hapipe <br>Nombre: HAPIPE <br>Seguidores: 827 <br>Resultado: 8.94  %","Cuenta: fetichesluna <br>Nombre: Pacto Historico YA !!! <br>Seguidores: 727 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: christianrr64 <br>Nombre: Christian Amin Ríos Ramírez <br>Seguidores: 467 <br>Resultado: 5.62  %","Cuenta: johanmaruber <br>Nombre: Johan Marulanda Bernal <br>Seguidores: 21145 <br>Resultado: 2.31  %","Cuenta: JosMara82193071 <br>Nombre: José María Herrera Campillo <br>Seguidores: 113 <br>Resultado: 2.69  %","Cuenta: edisonbedoya21 <br>Nombre: Edison Bedoya 🌍🌎🌏🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 27106 <br>Resultado: 8.16  %","Cuenta: gabyhvt <br>Nombre: 🅶🅰🅱🅾🆅🅰🆂🆀🆄🅴🆉🚲🚉🌳 <br>Seguidores: 1321 <br>Resultado: 7.14  %","Cuenta: elsantanderista <br>Nombre: @elsantanderista <br>Seguidores: 1083 <br>Resultado: 21.59  %","Cuenta: jesusjavierlobo <br>Nombre: Jesús Lobo <br>Seguidores: 6 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: arthgoz <br>Nombre: A R T H U R <br>Seguidores: 2686 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: raulonoro <br>Nombre: Juan mecanico <br>Seguidores: 2446 <br>Resultado: 7.78  %","Cuenta: UrbanArtOne <br>Nombre: Mulato - Urban Art <br>Seguidores: 633 <br>Resultado: 9.59  %","Cuenta: checho_0726 <br>Nombre: Sergio Herrera Arias <br>Seguidores: 668 <br>Resultado: 9.89  %","Cuenta: arnold97_3 <br>Nombre: Arnold gonzalez <br>Seguidores: 75 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: kevinpe49736505 <br>Nombre: Kevin_Peña <br>Seguidores: 496 <br>Resultado: 2.34  %","Cuenta: moraroch <br>Nombre: Alejo Mora <br>Seguidores: 4166 <br>Resultado: 12.9  %","Cuenta: kike_gavilan007 <br>Nombre: Titi Cohen <br>Seguidores: 517 <br>Resultado: 9.41  %","Cuenta: govalle369 <br>Nombre: GaOm (Ovalle) 🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 27807 <br>Resultado: 20.51  %","Cuenta: ajcarrascal <br>Nombre: ajcarrascal <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 16.13  %","Cuenta: jesuam2012 <br>Nombre: Jesus arias <br>Seguidores: 52 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: solounbollo <br>Nombre: Marco Franceschi <br>Seguidores: 165 <br>Resultado: 9.52  %","Cuenta: tavitoamorales <br>Nombre: ElTavo★ <br>Seguidores: 958 <br>Resultado: 2.44  %","Cuenta: janeroficial <br>Nombre: JANER GONZÁLEZ LÓPEZ <br>Seguidores: 267 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jupacaba97 <br>Nombre: juan pablo <br>Seguidores: 112 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: sofialopezmera <br>Nombre: 𝓡𝓸𝓼𝓲𝓽𝓪 𝓒𝓪𝓶𝓹𝓾𝔃𝓪𝓷𝓸🌹 <br>Seguidores: 427 <br>Resultado: 8.33  %","Cuenta: capb_01 <br>Nombre: CAPB <br>Seguidores: 72 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: dr54socrates <br>Nombre: Sócrates <br>Seguidores: 3162 <br>Resultado: 2.12  %","Cuenta: lazilack <br>Nombre: Me Llamo Zilack <br>Seguidores: 1361 <br>Resultado: 3.36  %","Cuenta: pipeastu <br>Nombre: Felipe Astu ♛ <br>Seguidores: 488 <br>Resultado: 2  %","Cuenta: joarvas <br>Nombre: Jonathan Arcila <br>Seguidores: 5442 <br>Resultado: 2.56  %","Cuenta: dondaniel25 <br>Nombre: DANIEL PÉREZ® <br>Seguidores: 938 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: alexanderortizm <br>Nombre: ALEXANDER ORTIZ👇🏻 <br>Seguidores: 3309 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: sergi0r0jas <br>Nombre: ★ SERGIO ROJAS ★ <br>Seguidores: 1684 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: marcelinagl <br>Nombre: Marcela. <br>Seguidores: 841 <br>Resultado: 2.94  %","Cuenta: lavozlahistoria <br>Nombre: Anderson Escobar <br>Seguidores: 43 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: misspoirot07 <br>Nombre: MISS POIROT <br>Seguidores: 54095 <br>Resultado: 1.96  %","Cuenta: jhonjaquesea <br>Nombre: Jhon Jaime León <br>Seguidores: 4355 <br>Resultado: 4.12  %","Cuenta: jorgeluism1971 <br>Nombre: jorge luis martinez <br>Seguidores: 367 <br>Resultado: 4.35  %","Cuenta: daniela91669309 <br>Nombre: DM <br>Seguidores: 90 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: isozmin <br>Nombre: 𝕀𝕧á𝕟 𝕊𝕠𝕫𝕒 <br>Seguidores: 534 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: drefc88 <br>Nombre: Pedro Pablo León <br>Seguidores: 88 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: soyniggles <br>Nombre: Quentin TaranTrino <br>Seguidores: 280 <br>Resultado: 37.5  %","Cuenta: juliomizger <br>Nombre: Julio Mizger Diaz <br>Seguidores: 1643 <br>Resultado: 7.69  %","Cuenta: fabipaz1paz <br>Nombre: Fabian Paz <br>Seguidores: 373 <br>Resultado: 0.5  %","Cuenta: AndyLunaOficial <br>Nombre: Andy Luna <br>Seguidores: 829 <br>Resultado: 13.89  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<br>Nombre: Jonathan Jaramillo | Antiuribista <br>Seguidores: 217 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: franciscoarzt <br>Nombre: F|C⚡ <br>Seguidores: 682 <br>Resultado: 3.57  %","Cuenta: williambedoya <br>Nombre: 𝕎𝕚𝕝𝕝𝕚𝕒𝕞 𝔹𝕖𝕕𝕠𝕪𝕒🥑🐝🇨🇴 🇨🇦 🌈🍁😻 <br>Seguidores: 6393 <br>Resultado: 2.44  %","Cuenta: miletoytales <br>Nombre: Tales de Mileto <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: felipe41510 <br>Nombre: Felipe <br>Seguidores: 4101 <br>Resultado: 4.62  %","Cuenta: misterizquierdo <br>Nombre: Mister Mamerto <br>Seguidores: 342 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: sebagog1290 <br>Nombre: Sebastian Gomez Ruiz <br>Seguidores: 30 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jorgenavarro_09 <br>Nombre: Jorge Navarro <br>Seguidores: 505 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jvanpablobayona <br>Nombre: Juan Pablo Bayona <br>Seguidores: 768 <br>Resultado: 31.58  %","Cuenta: lauragr88483706 <br>Nombre: Laura Grajales <br>Seguidores: 43 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: davidr_acevedo <br>Nombre: David Rodriguez Acevedo 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Petro presidente 🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 3247 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: dandevia13 <br>Nombre: Dan <br>Seguidores: 1033 <br>Resultado: 9.62  %","Cuenta: juangodev <br>Nombre: 🐙 Juan 🦑 <br>Seguidores: 1573 <br>Resultado: 8.11  %","Cuenta: jeisonmuysca <br>Nombre: Jeison F. 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Andres Villa <br>Seguidores: 2237 <br>Resultado: 17.65  %","Cuenta: homerocritico <br>Nombre: Homero Histórico <br>Seguidores: 37 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: yulieruran <br>Nombre: yuyu <br>Seguidores: 524 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: alexvalenkno <br>Nombre: Caballero🇨🇴Templario🇩🇪SgloXXI🇨🇴🇩🇪 <br>Seguidores: 198 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: tatasanmiguel10 <br>Nombre: @tatasanmiguel <br>Seguidores: 1901 <br>Resultado: 2.04  %","Cuenta: alfredobustillo <br>Nombre: ALFREDO BUSTILLO <br>Seguidores: 966 <br>Resultado: 5.56  %","Cuenta: daniel_ayalaf <br>Nombre: Daniel <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 5.71  %","Cuenta: eliecercamilo3 <br>Nombre: ELIECER CAMILO <br>Seguidores: 422 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: IESprisantander <br>Nombre: IES PRIVADAS DE SANTANDER <br>Seguidores: 66 <br>Resultado: 1.67  %","Cuenta: andresuarezf <br>Nombre: Andrés Suárez F. <br>Seguidores: 796 <br>Resultado: 4.88  %","Cuenta: mariat98908477 <br>Nombre: Maria t <br>Seguidores: 129 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: danielhdz69 <br>Nombre: Daniel Hdz M <br>Seguidores: 69 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: bucarabuca <br>Nombre: BucaraBuca <br>Seguidores: 14250 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: noedebe <br>Nombre: Mauricio Delgado Bd <br>Seguidores: 113 <br>Resultado: 1.9  %","Cuenta: fernand82951691 <br>Nombre: El cordobés <br>Seguidores: 3098 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: socrate97488298 <br>Nombre: SOCRATES <br>Seguidores: 74 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: toby17271 <br>Nombre: Toby1727 <br>Seguidores: 127 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: juanes_bedoya7 <br>Nombre: Juanes Bedoya <br>Seguidores: 3267 <br>Resultado: 3.68  %","Cuenta: soy_tolimense <br>Nombre: Soy Tolimense <br>Seguidores: 1950 <br>Resultado: 6.45  %","Cuenta: nachito_1203 <br>Nombre: El cambio es ahora!...#PactoHistórico💪🏻 <br>Seguidores: 2018 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: camiloprieto9 <br>Nombre: Camilo Prieto <br>Seguidores: 520 <br>Resultado: 13.73  %","Cuenta: intriagomanuela <br>Nombre: manuela intriago <br>Seguidores: 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Jorge Ovalle <br>Seguidores: 3610 <br>Resultado: 7.29  %","Cuenta: barcelonista_sh <br>Nombre: Sher <br>Seguidores: 775 <br>Resultado: 7.55  %","Cuenta: blackmangel <br>Nombre: Miguel Angel <br>Seguidores: 61 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: dralejandro_d <br>Nombre: Alejandro Díaz Ramírez <br>Seguidores: 248 <br>Resultado: 11.76  %","Cuenta: josh_roo <br>Nombre: Jorge Rodríguez Ávila <br>Seguidores: 215 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: hernandoandresg <br>Nombre: Andrés Guevara <br>Seguidores: 479 <br>Resultado: 64.29  %","Cuenta: jarylondono <br>Nombre: Jary Londoño <br>Seguidores: 427 <br>Resultado: 5.41  %","Cuenta: alfredobustillo <br>Nombre: ALFREDO BUSTILLO <br>Seguidores: 966 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: Matador000 <br>Nombre: matador <br>Seguidores: 472957 <br>Resultado: 5.21  %","Cuenta: transenmedios <br>Nombre: Transporte en Medios <br>Seguidores: 5926 <br>Resultado: 28.57  %","Cuenta: Calvo517 <br>Nombre: Calvo <br>Seguidores: 439 <br>Resultado: 3.09  %","Cuenta: Holger24286869 <br>Nombre: EMI <br>Seguidores: 988 <br>Resultado: 7.69  %","Cuenta: galita07 <br>Nombre: GALA MARTINEZ ACOSTA <br>Seguidores: 411 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: edgarme07761318 <br>Nombre: Edgar Mejia <br>Seguidores: 337 <br>Resultado: 2.12  %","Cuenta: abogramirez7 <br>Nombre: Ramírez <br>Seguidores: 3997 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: djandruofficial <br>Nombre: DJ ANDRU ⚡ <br>Seguidores: 1386 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: bogotasoy <br>Nombre: Soy Bogotá <br>Seguidores: 1024 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: preguntemeloami <br>Nombre: Morelofereño. 🇮🇩 <br>Seguidores: 259 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: carlostuiran13 <br>Nombre: Carlos Alberto Suárez Tuiran <br>Seguidores: 337 <br>Resultado: 41.18  %","Cuenta: Joyenon <br>Nombre: Jnn <br>Seguidores: 318 <br>Resultado: 3.78  %","Cuenta: enfoquenoticios <br>Nombre: @enfoquenoticioso <br>Seguidores: 1176 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: MatonsizimoKid <br>Nombre: Pretoriano <br>Seguidores: 9241 <br>Resultado: 6.25  %","Cuenta: luirrohernandez <br>Nombre: Luis Roberto Hernández <br>Seguidores: 264 <br>Resultado: 15.79  %","Cuenta: jaimebordaval1 <br>Nombre: Jaime Borda V <br>Seguidores: 636 <br>Resultado: 38.46  %","Cuenta: encuestaspolit <br>Nombre: Encuestas en linea <br>Seguidores: 994 <br>Resultado: 1.79  %","Cuenta: SMinoush <br>Nombre: Lili! <br>Seguidores: 1719 <br>Resultado: 10.34  %","Cuenta: gustavoguio <br>Nombre: Gustavo Andrés Guío Barrera <br>Seguidores: 298 <br>Resultado: 11.32  %","Cuenta: San_Tolima <br>Nombre: San Luis Tolima <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: 42.86  %","Cuenta: scabana7 <br>Nombre: Sebastian Cabana <br>Seguidores: 393 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: gandour <br>Nombre: gandour <br>Seguidores: 1452 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: 360radioco <br>Nombre: 360 Radio <br>Seguidores: 49002 <br>Resultado: 23.53  %","Cuenta: duvanfarc <br>Nombre: Duvan Rodríguez <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: Debate2022 <br>Nombre: Elecciones2022 <br>Seguidores: 8971 <br>Resultado: 3.86  %","Cuenta: javiersilva0826 <br>Nombre: Pikachu de Musk y del Cambio por la Vida <br>Seguidores: 515 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: monteriacalle <br>Nombre: Callejero D Montería <br>Seguidores: 15732 <br>Resultado: 13.64  %","Cuenta: jagrueso <br>Nombre: Jesús Alberto Grueso <br>Seguidores: 21570 <br>Resultado: 1.52  %","Cuenta: carlosandresd_ <br>Nombre: Carlos Andrés Delgado <br>Seguidores: 276 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: sebasgonpe18 <br>Nombre: Sebastian Gonzalez P <br>Seguidores: 91 <br>Resultado: 8.33  %","Cuenta: vanedelatorre <br>Nombre: Vanessa De La Torre <br>Seguidores: 489349 <br>Resultado: 5.09  %","Cuenta: JohnjairoGmezR3 <br>Nombre: John jairo Gómez Rozo <br>Seguidores: 278 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: Margaret_F21 <br>Nombre: Margaret <br>Seguidores: 69 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: oscargualdron <br>Nombre: Oscar Gualdrón Lara <br>Seguidores: 696 <br>Resultado: 25.93  %","Cuenta: news247k <br>Nombre: Pacto histórico <br>Seguidores: 37 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: moviluppolitic <br>Nombre: Movilup Politic <br>Seguidores: 143 <br>Resultado: 10.26  %","Cuenta: jesmar72 <br>Nombre: Jesús Martínez <br>Seguidores: 24 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: polombiano88 <br>Nombre: Polombiano <br>Seguidores: 122 <br>Resultado: 3.57  %","Cuenta: adolfofv12 <br>Nombre: Adolfo Fernández V. <br>Seguidores: 181 <br>Resultado: 3.7  %","Cuenta: hernandomarti <br>Nombre: Hernando Jose Martinez <br>Seguidores: 24835 <br>Resultado: 0.9  %","Cuenta: garzonnortes <br>Nombre: F🌟🌞🌞☀️☀️ G <br>Seguidores: 539 <br>Resultado: 2.36  %","Cuenta: royserna <br>Nombre: POLLO SIN MENTE <br>Seguidores: 1405 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: teveoenclases <br>Nombre: Teveoenclases <br>Seguidores: 1860 <br>Resultado: 15.22  %","Cuenta: cncquindio <br>Nombre: CNC Quindio <br>Seguidores: 2522 <br>Resultado: 2.63  %","Cuenta: arvel33 <br>Nombre: arvel Liunsky <br>Seguidores: 145 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: idickyj <br>Nombre: ⓘ EsteUsuario. <br>Seguidores: 15639 <br>Resultado: 4.55  %","Cuenta: laperreraco <br>Nombre: La Perrera Política <br>Seguidores: 758 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: yonathanab98 <br>Nombre: Yonathan Alexis Betancur <br>Seguidores: 597 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: nestor_ramjim_ <br>Nombre: Nestor Elias RAMIREZ <br>Seguidores: 19 <br>Resultado: 1.89  %","Cuenta: vladimirhermann <br>Nombre: Vladimir Hermann <br>Seguidores: 388 <br>Resultado: 1.61  %","Cuenta: cmunoz197801 <br>Nombre: PACHECO01 <br>Seguidores: 286 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: marishelsromero <br>Nombre: Marishel <br>Seguidores: 593 <br>Resultado: 16  %","Cuenta: PrensaTibanica <br>Nombre: PrensaTibanica <br>Seguidores: 426 <br>Resultado: 2.86  %","Cuenta: pablovi29257066 <br>Nombre: pablo villalba <br>Seguidores: 155 <br>Resultado: 2.54  %","Cuenta: san_tolima <br>Nombre: San Luis Tolima <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: notinaldigital <br>Nombre: Noticiero Nacional Digital <br>Seguidores: 2764 <br>Resultado: 8.83  %","Cuenta: germanzapatave <br>Nombre: Germán Zapata Vergara <br>Seguidores: 5232 <br>Resultado: 3.98  %","Cuenta: alejand77819825 <br>Nombre: ALEJANDRO GUTIERREZ <br>Seguidores: 16 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: democratajoven <br>Nombre: PENSAMIENTO JOVEN <br>Seguidores: 44 <br>Resultado: 4.84  %","Cuenta: politicvirtual <br>Nombre: Política Virtual <br>Seguidores: 511 <br>Resultado: 2.04  %","Cuenta: jossegregory <br>Nombre: Gяεgσяισ Vαяgαs <br>Seguidores: 21552 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: fuelsmicroalgae <br>Nombre: Anti fascista <br>Seguidores: 1186 <br>Resultado: 3.42  %","Cuenta: mrjuaaan <br>Nombre: Juan!!!!!! <br>Seguidores: 499 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: nuryriao1 <br>Nombre: NOalestadoopresivo <br>Seguidores: 42 <br>Resultado: 8.33  %","Cuenta: erick83186415 <br>Nombre: Erick <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: NaN  %","Cuenta: leonzambrano <br>Nombre: Leonardo Zambrano <br>Seguidores: 115 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: richenao <br>Nombre: Ricardo Henao Calderón <br>Seguidores: 85091 <br>Resultado: 2.21  %","Cuenta: joseromero1212 <br>Nombre: Jose A <br>Seguidores: 1355 <br>Resultado: 2.17  %","Cuenta: 1900d91491a7425 <br>Nombre: Diana Conde <br>Seguidores: 272 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: justi_ciega <br>Nombre: Justicia Ciega <br>Seguidores: 31 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: claudiavallejo_ <br>Nombre: claudia vallejo <br>Seguidores: 273 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: carolin70405757 <br>Nombre: Carolina Guerra <br>Seguidores: 91 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: teacherbopi <br>Nombre: Boris Piñeres Yanes <br>Seguidores: 793 <br>Resultado: 7.69  %","Cuenta: cesarv2014 <br>Nombre: Cesar'Valdez💎🔥 <br>Seguidores: 1287 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: luis12213247 <br>Nombre: Luis <br>Seguidores: 3 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: alejitomijodrum <br>Nombre: Alejandro Rodríguez <br>Seguidores: 462 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: ibacas68 <br>Nombre: Jose Javier Ibañez C <br>Seguidores: 1200 <br>Resultado: 2.5  %","Cuenta: megacolombian <br>Nombre: Mega Colombian <br>Seguidores: 520 <br>Resultado: 5.66  %","Cuenta: mauriciolarrot7 <br>Nombre: Mauricio Larrottac <br>Seguidores: 19 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: sergio_prieto10 <br>Nombre: Sergio David Prieto Romero <br>Seguidores: 2943 <br>Resultado: 3.02  %","Cuenta: lpdavila2008 <br>Nombre: LMPD <br>Seguidores: 79 <br>Resultado: NaN  %","Cuenta: lavozlahistoria <br>Nombre: Anderson Escobar <br>Seguidores: 40 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: castellanosfj <br>Nombre: Francisco Castellanos 🇺🇳 <br>Seguidores: 7780 <br>Resultado: 3.5  %","Cuenta: paranoidrockbar <br>Nombre: 𝕻𝖆𝖗𝖆𝖓𝖔𝖎𝖉 𝕽𝖔𝖈𝖐 𝕭𝖆𝖗 - Edward Rubiano <br>Seguidores: 284 <br>Resultado: 1.69  %","Cuenta: wilkinmarin <br>Nombre: @wilkinmarin <br>Seguidores: 648 <br>Resultado: 7.84  %","Cuenta: soyandresgo29 <br>Nombre: Andrés GO <br>Seguidores: 576 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: jhonpin01422473 <br>Nombre: Jhon monsalve <br>Seguidores: 12 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: awitaecoc <br>Nombre: awitaecoco🇨🇴🥵 <br>Seguidores: 19 <br>Resultado: 10.67  %","Cuenta: DavidVevo20 <br>Nombre: VEVO STUDIOS COLOMBIA ™ <br>Seguidores: 23 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: benjumeatirado <br>Nombre: Juan Tirado Benjumea <br>Seguidores: 1051 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: camilowhite1992 <br>Nombre: Camilo Blanco <br>Seguidores: 1800 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: enfoquenoticios <br>Nombre: @enfoquenoticioso <br>Seguidores: 1350 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jalbertopd77 <br>Nombre: Jaime Pérez Díaz <br>Seguidores: 90 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: moviluppolitic <br>Nombre: Movilup Politic <br>Seguidores: 141 <br>Resultado: 16.85  %","Cuenta: dogorfox <br>Nombre: Diego Pinzon <br>Seguidores: 119 <br>Resultado: 36.36  %","Cuenta: camiarredondod <br>Nombre: María Camila Arredondo <br>Seguidores: 857 <br>Resultado: 20.41  %","Cuenta: Tomas_Albeiro <br>Nombre: Tomas Albeiro <br>Seguidores: 250 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: el__rifas <br>Nombre: Yostin Suspendido <br>Seguidores: 611 <br>Resultado: 19.51  %","Cuenta: juanda_vera_ <br>Nombre: David_Vera <br>Seguidores: 331 <br>Resultado: 13.64  %","Cuenta: rafermora <br>Nombre: Fercho <br>Seguidores: 167 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: activocucuta69 <br>Nombre: Eduar <br>Seguidores: 1370 <br>Resultado: 38.1  %","Cuenta: alinsong10 <br>Nombre: Alinson Gonzalez <br>Seguidores: 2083 <br>Resultado: 40.91  %","Cuenta: nancy39906574 <br>Nombre: Nancy Arias G. <br>Seguidores: 31 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: _juanluisguerra <br>Nombre: Juan Luis Guerra <br>Seguidores: 180 <br>Resultado: 31.82  %","Cuenta: elkinnain1 <br>Nombre: nain <br>Seguidores: 844 <br>Resultado: 3.02  %","Cuenta: mmiguelpn <br>Nombre: MiguelS2022 <br>Seguidores: 202 <br>Resultado: 4  %","Cuenta: edwinle43709332 <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Pérez Bernal <br>Seguidores: 5453 <br>Resultado: 3.72  %","Cuenta: eguinperez <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Perez AntiuribistasigueAntiuribista <br>Seguidores: 8782 <br>Resultado: 5.25  %","Cuenta: centroizquierd1 <br>Nombre: Centro Izquierda <br>Seguidores: 558 <br>Resultado: 1.37  %","Cuenta: stebang93 <br>Nombre: Esteban Guerra <br>Seguidores: 57114 <br>Resultado: 12.79  %","Cuenta: dieguito_tp <br>Nombre: Diego Tunjo Pinilla <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: 5.48  %","Cuenta: ankara300 <br>Nombre: ANKARA <br>Seguidores: 8453 <br>Resultado: 2.96  %","Cuenta: avanzarahora <br>Nombre: INFORMAR <br>Seguidores: 320 <br>Resultado: 6.38  %","Cuenta: donhpcolombiano <br>Nombre: Yo me identiFICO...identifícate tu también. <br>Seguidores: 2290 <br>Resultado: 4.11  %","Cuenta: bucaranotas <br>Nombre: NotasBucara <br>Seguidores: 2425 <br>Resultado: 29.85  %","Cuenta: alexbta94 <br>Nombre: Alex <br>Seguidores: 252 <br>Resultado: 3.26  %","Cuenta: alejobarragans <br>Nombre: Alejo Barragán S. <br>Seguidores: 15158 <br>Resultado: 3.66  %","Cuenta: alejoocampog <br>Nombre: Alejandro Ocampo <br>Seguidores: 5072 <br>Resultado: 3.8  %","Cuenta: soylaverdeee <br>Nombre: Solari <br>Seguidores: 293 <br>Resultado: 28.57  %","Cuenta: 360radioco <br>Nombre: 360 Radio <br>Seguidores: 49340 <br>Resultado: 3.46  %","Cuenta: Samibruno <br>Nombre: 🌷 𝕊𝕒𝕞𝕚 🌷 <br>Seguidores: 13272 <br>Resultado: 15.95  %","Cuenta: Patrici28488735 <br>Nombre: PatMor2019 <br>Seguidores: 1482 <br>Resultado: 12.9  %","Cuenta: jfjgonzalez <br>Nombre: Arquímedes <br>Seguidores: 1326 <br>Resultado: 14.89  %","Cuenta: lchaves12271242 <br>Nombre: Lucho Beto ✌🏽 <br>Seguidores: 728 <br>Resultado: 3.67  %","Cuenta: jcamiloorozco2 <br>Nombre: Juan  <br>Seguidores: 5669 <br>Resultado: 10.47  %","Cuenta: animodeofender_ <br>Nombre: Con ánimo de ofender <br>Seguidores: 39972 <br>Resultado: 14.07  %","Cuenta: eguinperez <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Perez AntiuribistasigueAntiuribista <br>Seguidores: 8792 <br>Resultado: 4.46  %","Cuenta: villabog <br>Nombre: Actualidad Col <br>Seguidores: 14 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: edwinle59158000 <br>Nombre: edwinleonardoperezbernal86@gmail.com <br>Seguidores: 571 <br>Resultado: 4.27  %","Cuenta: mamberroi___ <br>Nombre: why do you care? <br>Seguidores: 40 <br>Resultado: 28.57  %","Cuenta: jaime58108924 <br>Nombre: Jaime <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 3.7  %","Cuenta: lafeadelgrup <br>Nombre: La Fea Del Grup <br>Seguidores: 4836 <br>Resultado: 17.14  %","Cuenta: aalexbeta89 <br>Nombre: Alex Segura <br>Seguidores: 13 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: vickydavilavih <br>Nombre: Vicky Devola <br>Seguidores: 134 <br>Resultado: 1.47  %","Cuenta: santiag44838539 <br>Nombre: Santiago Suárez <br>Seguidores: 53 <br>Resultado: 40  %","Cuenta: cacastella65 <br>Nombre: Carlos Castellanos <br>Seguidores: 743 <br>Resultado: 3.27  %","Cuenta: maormn <br>Nombre: Mauro N.N. <br>Seguidores: 10066 <br>Resultado: 4.88  %","Cuenta: titipizarro16 <br>Nombre: Titi Pizarro <br>Seguidores: 502 <br>Resultado: 31.43  %","Cuenta: Debate2022 <br>Nombre: Elecciones2022 <br>Seguidores: 8993 <br>Resultado: 4.41  %","Cuenta: ChinchillaYecid <br>Nombre: Yecid Chinchilla <br>Seguidores: 667 <br>Resultado: 64.29  %","Cuenta: j_bl10 <br>Nombre: j <br>Seguidores: 2590 <br>Resultado: 21.7  %","Cuenta: dianabotellove <br>Nombre: Diana Botello <br>Seguidores: 2329 <br>Resultado: 57.34  %","Cuenta: alexand36266859 <br>Nombre: vitalestoba <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: hugohdzp12 <br>Nombre: Hugo Hernández <br>Seguidores: 675 <br>Resultado: 32.26  %","Cuenta: avocolom <br>Nombre: A Votar Por Colombia <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 6.25  %","Cuenta: diegoal78912914 <br>Nombre: Diego Albarracin <br>Seguidores: 441 <br>Resultado: 5.88  %","Cuenta: farfandiaz <br>Nombre: Jeffersson Diaz <br>Seguidores: 148 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: josmara82193071 <br>Nombre: José María Herrera Campillo <br>Seguidores: 84 <br>Resultado: 18.18  %","Cuenta: pequepeks045 <br>Nombre: Peque o Peks☽ <br>Seguidores: 3517 <br>Resultado: 45.45  %","Cuenta: josecmengual <br>Nombre: Jose Carlos Mengual <br>Seguidores: 1158 <br>Resultado: 53.85  %","Cuenta: noticias_24_ <br>Nombre: Noticias 24  <br>Seguidores: 2196 <br>Resultado: 1.73  %","Cuenta: carmao9 <br>Nombre: Carmao <br>Seguidores: 201 <br>Resultado: 12.63  %","Cuenta: danielhdz69 <br>Nombre: Daniel Hdz M <br>Seguidores: 69 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: jmab1982 <br>Nombre: un humano mas <br>Seguidores: 1006 <br>Resultado: 1.68  %","Cuenta: edwinle43709332 <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Pérez Bernal <br>Seguidores: 5583 <br>Resultado: 8.55  %","Cuenta: pukyseshotmail1 <br>Nombre: El Iguazon 🇨🇴 Colombia. <br>Seguidores: 9417 <br>Resultado: 9.93  %","Cuenta: FelipeVillamilO <br>Nombre: Felipe Villamil O. <br>Seguidores: 3728 <br>Resultado: 6.67  %","Cuenta: laperreraco <br>Nombre: La Perrera Política <br>Seguidores: 765 <br>Resultado: 18.84  %","Cuenta: maizzzber <br>Nombre: Maiber Olaya <br>Seguidores: 34984 <br>Resultado: 23.61  %","Cuenta: MIGUELA96784656 <br>Nombre: MIGUEL ANGEL ROMERO OCHOA <br>Seguidores: 2 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: davidhu20311187 <br>Nombre: Incredul0 <br>Seguidores: 635 <br>Resultado: 3.33  %","Cuenta: dairoferia1 <br>Nombre: 🥑Dairoferia🥑🎉🎸 <br>Seguidores: 549 <br>Resultado: 15.22  %","Cuenta: gab_haa <br>Nombre: Gabriel <br>Seguidores: 59 <br>Resultado: 11.76  %","Cuenta: soynicomelendro <br>Nombre: Soy Nicolas Melendro <br>Seguidores: 122 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: hekatombe_ <br>Nombre: Revista Hekatombe 🔥 <br>Seguidores: 31749 <br>Resultado: 2.15  %","Cuenta: jahfrann <br>Nombre: Jahfrann <br>Seguidores: 66343 <br>Resultado: 4.05  %","Cuenta: caycedo1997 <br>Nombre: 𝓙𝓾𝓪𝓷 𝓢𝓮𝓫𝓪𝓼𝓽𝓲á𝓷 ®️ <br>Seguidores: 152 <br>Resultado: 34.29  %","Cuenta: enwichy <br>Nombre: Wichy En Las Redes <br>Seguidores: 1987 <br>Resultado: 7.38  %","Cuenta: juankynunez1999 <br>Nombre: Juan Camilo <br>Seguidores: 366 <br>Resultado: 31.43  %","Cuenta: cruzoscarmario <br>Nombre: Oscar Mario Cruz <br>Seguidores: 10256 <br>Resultado: 16.33  %","Cuenta: yeisonbilingue <br>Nombre: yeison asprilla <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 9.43  %","Cuenta: jccalar <br>Nombre: JuanC <br>Seguidores: 1738 <br>Resultado: 2.8  %","Cuenta: solanm815 <br>Nombre: Maurovix .🇨🇴Latinoamérica sin socialismo✊ <br>Seguidores: 2694 <br>Resultado: 3.12  %","Cuenta: ganeshagates <br>Nombre: GANESHA GATES 🦋 <br>Seguidores: 7208 <br>Resultado: 4.76  %","Cuenta: fillsilva01 <br>Nombre: filacho <br>Seguidores: 906 <br>Resultado: 23.53  %","Cuenta: diegocajamarca1 <br>Nombre: Diego Cajamarca <br>Seguidores: 88 <br>Resultado: 23.08  %","Cuenta: catalondco <br>Nombre: Catalina Londoño <br>Seguidores: 6022 <br>Resultado: 5.07  %","Cuenta: RogerNiko <br>Nombre: ЯΘGΞRNIKΘ <br>Seguidores: 49 <br>Resultado: 28.57  %","Cuenta: locaporamerica1 <br>Nombre: DIABLAxSIEMPRE 👹 <br>Seguidores: 3780 <br>Resultado: 15.86  %","Cuenta: jennykathe <br>Nombre: Jennifer Castillo <br>Seguidores: 634 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: mmiguelpn <br>Nombre: MiguelS2022 <br>Seguidores: 204 <br>Resultado: 21.05  %","Cuenta: sergioandresvr9 <br>Nombre: Sergio Andres Valencia <br>Seguidores: 885 <br>Resultado: 43.48  %","Cuenta: abrahamsoto01 <br>Nombre: Abraham Antonio Solano Torres <br>Seguidores: 2493 <br>Resultado: 7.79  %","Cuenta: miboyaca_co <br>Nombre: Mi Boyacá <br>Seguidores: 7891 <br>Resultado: 23.28  %","Cuenta: contadorfutbol <br>Nombre: ElContadordelFutbol <br>Seguidores: 178 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: josefdotatism <br>Nombre: JTM. <br>Seguidores: 242 <br>Resultado: 6.67  %","Cuenta: luisern00352785 <br>Nombre: Luis Ernesto Barrera <br>Seguidores: 124 <br>Resultado: 42.86  %","Cuenta: ibadur16120910 <br>Nombre: Ruben Dario Benitez <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 27.78  %","Cuenta: alejandro_esch <br>Nombre: Alejandro Estupiñan <br>Seguidores: 333 <br>Resultado: 11.54  %","Cuenta: jalarcon_col <br>Nombre: 𝗝ota  <br>Seguidores: 408 <br>Resultado: 17.95  %","Cuenta: untalruales <br>Nombre: Anderson Ruales <br>Seguidores: 2062 <br>Resultado: 2.57  %","Cuenta: lauraaavidal_ <br>Nombre: 𝓛𝓪𝓾𝓻𝓪 𝓥𝓲𝓭𝓪𝓵 👑 <br>Seguidores: 236 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: notmsc22 <br>Nombre: Marcela <br>Seguidores: 681 <br>Resultado: 13.33  %","Cuenta: isabela_alban <br>Nombre: Isabela Albán <br>Seguidores: 1979 <br>Resultado: 18.68  %","Cuenta: jesusivans17 <br>Nombre: Jesús Ivan Sanchez <br>Seguidores: 93 <br>Resultado: 15  %","Cuenta: yeisonbilingue <br>Nombre: yeison asprilla <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 8.33  %","Cuenta: brunetteinmoral <br>Nombre: Maria <br>Seguidores: 11457 <br>Resultado: 52.54  %","Cuenta: enilsonjavier1 <br>Nombre: Enilson Javier🇨🇴🇨🇴🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: 27.27  %","Cuenta: vallejosaberia <br>Nombre: Saberia Vallejo <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 28.57  %","Cuenta: bascobscd <br>Nombre: Santiago Córdoba <br>Seguidores: 3761 <br>Resultado: 3.3  %","Cuenta: colombia_dolor <br>Nombre: Petro Presidente <br>Seguidores: 88 <br>Resultado: 5.51  %","Cuenta: sago2022 <br>Nombre: Sago V. <br>Seguidores: 1298 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: vicmaodj <br>Nombre: Vicmaodj <br>Seguidores: 2 <br>Resultado: 17.65  %","Cuenta: vicmaodj <br>Nombre: Vicmaodj <br>Seguidores: 2 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: otroluismiguel <br>Nombre: luis miguel <br>Seguidores: 541 <br>Resultado: 14.84  %","Cuenta: andreadazalo <br>Nombre: Andrea Daza <br>Seguidores: 801 <br>Resultado: 20.59  %","Cuenta: canomenesesivan <br>Nombre: Iván David <br>Seguidores: 526 <br>Resultado: 3.69  %","Cuenta: jortiztorres10 <br>Nombre: Jesús Alberto Ortiz <br>Seguidores: 87 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: tremblemen <br>Nombre: tremblement☄️ <br>Seguidores: 100 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: brayhanvsoto1 <br>Nombre: Brayhan V. Soto <br>Seguidores: 783 <br>Resultado: 5.2  %","Cuenta: wilmarescribe <br>Nombre: w. Escribe <br>Seguidores: 46 <br>Resultado: 81.82  %","Cuenta: villamil24_ <br>Nombre: Andrés Villamil <br>Seguidores: 6177 <br>Resultado: 11.9  %","Cuenta: aioraiz <br>Nombre: Walther Largo F <br>Seguidores: 14 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: bellocesar244 <br>Nombre: Cesar Mauricio Bello <br>Seguidores: 58 <br>Resultado: 18.18  %","Cuenta: sloowlifee <br>Nombre: Ana María <br>Seguidores: 3558 <br>Resultado: 9.26  %","Cuenta: Atiipareja <br>Nombre: Bernardo Pareja Coy <br>Seguidores: 166 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: bjonathan0703 <br>Nombre: Jesus Barraza🦉 <br>Seguidores: 7607 <br>Resultado: 20.77  %","Cuenta: JOSEVIECCOM <br>Nombre: JOSE  VIECCO <br>Seguidores: 920 <br>Resultado: 22.22  %","Cuenta: fernandocorra02 <br>Nombre: Instagram: @shape.arq <br>Seguidores: 1800 <br>Resultado: 2.72  %","Cuenta: harvey_h__ <br>Nombre: Harvey <br>Seguidores: 47 <br>Resultado: 27.78  %","Cuenta: diego38965711 <br>Nombre: Diego <br>Seguidores: 8 <br>Resultado: 15.38  %","Cuenta: nanism_ <br>Nombre: 🤍❤️🦁 <br>Seguidores: 400 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: nataliiavalde2 <br>Nombre: NaTii Valde2 <br>Seguidores: 87 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: reaccionh <br>Nombre: Enrique del castillo <br>Seguidores: 23 <br>Resultado: 9.52  %","Cuenta: cowil0419 <br>Nombre: Wii <br>Seguidores: 237 <br>Resultado: 15.79  %","Cuenta: moviluppolitic <br>Nombre: Movilup Politic <br>Seguidores: 142 <br>Resultado: 28  %","Cuenta: mattusspenagos <br>Nombre: Mattussalen <br>Seguidores: 3982 <br>Resultado: 1.75  %","Cuenta: daviid_pv <br>Nombre: Francisco David <br>Seguidores: 1036 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: andretojaimes <br>Nombre: Andreto Jaimes <br>Seguidores: 401 <br>Resultado: 23.53  %","Cuenta: gaboenlared <br>Nombre: Gabriel Orozco <br>Seguidores: 49960 <br>Resultado: 21.02  %","Cuenta: mariacharnish <br>Nombre: mchm <br>Seguidores: 1654 <br>Resultado: 42.11  %","Cuenta: hapipe <br>Nombre: HAPIPE <br>Seguidores: 827 <br>Resultado: 6.83  %","Cuenta: fetichesluna <br>Nombre: Pacto 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<br>Resultado: 2.96  %","Cuenta: josellinas70 <br>Nombre: Jose Ignacio Llinás Chica <br>Seguidores: 4544 <br>Resultado: 1.53  %","Cuenta: DanielC021vet <br>Nombre: Daniel <br>Seguidores: 27 <br>Resultado: 4.12  %","Cuenta: Fernand82951691 <br>Nombre: El cordobés <br>Seguidores: 3025 <br>Resultado: 1.52  %","Cuenta: sebastiangue2 <br>Nombre: 🇨🇴🇨🇴Sebas 🐝🐝🇨🇴🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 686 <br>Resultado: 1.45  %","Cuenta: camiloprietoval <br>Nombre: Camilo Prieto <br>Seguidores: 89856 <br>Resultado: 17.59  %","Cuenta: dinoapetro <br>Nombre: Anti Petrista de Corazon <br>Seguidores: 52 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: cam_ortiz0599 <br>Nombre: Cam <br>Seguidores: 138 <br>Resultado: 4.55  %","Cuenta: prensatucucuta <br>Nombre: Tu Cúcuta <br>Seguidores: 378 <br>Resultado: 5.26  %","Cuenta: soydssc <br>Nombre: Daniel <br>Seguidores: 3 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: WilmerBeltran6 <br>Nombre: W beltran <br>Seguidores: 25 <br>Resultado: 4.17  %","Cuenta: ganeshagates <br>Nombre: 💋GANESHA GATES 💋 <br>Seguidores: 2948 <br>Resultado: 5.56  %","Cuenta: tigre903 <br>Nombre: Jorge M. <br>Seguidores: 1154 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: danivasqez <br>Nombre: Daniela Vasquez <br>Seguidores: 724 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: elsantixxxx <br>Nombre: Guzmán ♛. <br>Seguidores: 346 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: ankara300 <br>Nombre: ANKARA <br>Seguidores: 7768 <br>Resultado: 3.57  %","Cuenta: lafuncionariaco <br>Nombre: Funcionaria Pública <br>Seguidores: 831 <br>Resultado: 19.05  %","Cuenta: EfrainHdezChica <br>Nombre: Efrain Hdez Chica <br>Seguidores: 434 <br>Resultado: 4.56  %","Cuenta: momento24co <br>Nombre: Momento24 <br>Seguidores: 1116 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: yovph <br>Nombre: Gio <br>Seguidores: 49 <br>Resultado: 13.64  %","Cuenta: jhonlopez_99 <br>Nombre: Jhon jairo López ortiz <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 3.85  %","Cuenta: alvaritoposada <br>Nombre: Alvaro Posada <br>Seguidores: 1099 <br>Resultado: 5  %","Cuenta: shadowstark40 <br>Nombre: Shadow Stark <br>Seguidores: 67 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: carlosmedinag1 <br>Nombre: Carlos Medina G <br>Seguidores: 8190 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: infopoliticacol <br>Nombre: Info Politica Col 🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 11.54  %","Cuenta: jobtips_ <br>Nombre: jobtips_ <br>Seguidores: 64454 <br>Resultado: 16.11  %","Cuenta: ValoraAnalitik <br>Nombre: Valora Analitik <br>Seguidores: 61246 <br>Resultado: 6.67  %","Cuenta: juanpabloquin_ <br>Nombre: Juan Pablo Quintero <br>Seguidores: 313 <br>Resultado: 5.56  %","Cuenta: henrymorenon <br>Nombre: Henry Moreno Oficial <br>Seguidores: 362 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: CarlosDavidPJ <br>Nombre: Carlos David Peña J🪐 <br>Seguidores: 269 <br>Resultado: 5.45  %","Cuenta: gusnegocios <br>Nombre: Gustavo Diaz <br>Seguidores: 3121 <br>Resultado: 22.22  %","Cuenta: voceroscolombia <br>Nombre: Voceros <br>Seguidores: 360 <br>Resultado: 65.15  %","Cuenta: sanchezrusinke <br>Nombre: Rusinke, pero sin Cielo <br>Seguidores: 1635 <br>Resultado: 28.57 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Encuestas Imparciales <br>Seguidores: 1784 <br>Resultado: 3.12  %","Cuenta: santicasarrubia <br>Nombre: Santiago Casarrubia <br>Seguidores: 596 <br>Resultado: 10.53  %","Cuenta: todoelmundodic <br>Nombre: TODO EL MUNDO DICE <br>Seguidores: 80 <br>Resultado: 4  %","Cuenta: michellegonza94 <br>Nombre: Miguel Ángel Ortiz <br>Seguidores: 865 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: Debate2022 <br>Nombre: Elecciones2022 <br>Seguidores: 8856 <br>Resultado: 2.57  %","Cuenta: luis10337702 <br>Nombre: La Colombia olvidada <br>Seguidores: 7008 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: juanpab61249706 <br>Nombre: Juanpablo <br>Seguidores: 168 <br>Resultado: 3.92  %","Cuenta: andresdiaz2012 <br>Nombre: Andrés Diaz 🌀 <br>Seguidores: 1961 <br>Resultado: 37.5  %","Cuenta: antonioceram <br>Nombre: Kiara reutilia <br>Seguidores: 125 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: TulcanAlveiro <br>Nombre: Alveiro Tulcan <br>Seguidores: 1990 <br>Resultado: 2.39  %","Cuenta: ozkr_19oficial <br>Nombre: Oscar Ochoa <br>Seguidores: 123 <br>Resultado: 13.33  %","Cuenta: garzonnortes <br>Nombre: F🌟🌞🌞☀️☀️ G <br>Seguidores: 358 <br>Resultado: 4.32  %","Cuenta: cpolo68 <br>Nombre: Chepolo <br>Seguidores: 609 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: DulceAventura2 <br>Nombre: Dulce Aventura <br>Seguidores: 8017 <br>Resultado: 1.41  %","Cuenta: jsrinconc <br>Nombre: Jhoan Sebastian Rincon Cardenas <br>Seguidores: 126 <br>Resultado: 50  %","Cuenta: ximepgr <br>Nombre: Ximena 23K sigámonos 🥑🐝❤️‍🔥 <br>Seguidores: 23762 <br>Resultado: 2.1  %","Cuenta: colombiavota_ <br>Nombre: Colombia Vota 2022 🗳️ <br>Seguidores: 373 <br>Resultado: 3.01  %","Cuenta: zevaztiancortes <br>Nombre: Sebastián Cortés🌎 <br>Seguidores: 300 <br>Resultado: 3.7  %","Cuenta: sergi0r0jas <br>Nombre: ★ SERGIO ROJAS ★ <br>Seguidores: 1530 <br>Resultado: 3.7  %","Cuenta: alexandertiquea <br>Nombre: Alexander Tique <br>Seguidores: 374 <br>Resultado: 59.26  %","Cuenta: revistagrama <br>Nombre: Revista Grama Internacional © <br>Seguidores: 7890 <br>Resultado: 8.74  %","Cuenta: josluis34430545 <br>Nombre: José C. <br>Seguidores: 1575 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: AnonySudamerica <br>Nombre: Anonymous Sudamerica🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 23672 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: pipekmacho <br>Nombre: Felipe Camacho <br>Seguidores: 537 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: colombiaenmex <br>Nombre: ColombianosEnMéxico <br>Seguidores: 2388 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: juancahernandez <br>Nombre: JuanCarlos Hernández <br>Seguidores: 369 <br>Resultado: 4.93  %","Cuenta: encuestascolo11 <br>Nombre: Simplemente Encuestas 🇨🇴📊 <br>Seguidores: 601 <br>Resultado: 6.06  %","Cuenta: mapias15 <br>Nombre: mapiaguilars <br>Seguidores: 19820 <br>Resultado: 1.89  %","Cuenta: hoynoticias2 <br>Nombre: Hoy|Noticias <br>Seguidores: 3747 <br>Resultado: 17.14  %","Cuenta: nelsonpachon <br>Nombre: Nelson Pachón <br>Seguidores: 187 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: alexmcortes1 <br>Nombre: ALEX M CORTES <br>Seguidores: 11476 <br>Resultado: 6.12  %","Cuenta: pactoguajira <br>Nombre: PACTO HISTÓRICO GUAJIRA <br>Seguidores: 334 <br>Resultado: 0.65  %","Cuenta: alexhogarymoda <br>Nombre: Alexis Escobar <br>Seguidores: 350 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: rrodolfistas <br>Nombre: Red Rodolfistas <br>Seguidores: 769 <br>Resultado: 1.47  %","Cuenta: alejandrosua18 <br>Nombre: Alejandro Suárez <br>Seguidores: 88 <br>Resultado: 3.57  %","Cuenta: mariana98785337 <br>Nombre: MARIANA RODRIGUEZ DIAZ <br>Seguidores: 3504 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: andruepi <br>Nombre: Gio rey <br>Seguidores: 303 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: christianrc1 <br>Nombre: Christian Rodriguez <br>Seguidores: 164 <br>Resultado: 17.65  %","Cuenta: jayorco <br>Nombre: Jayo <br>Seguidores: 84 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: bacteriapiensa <br>Nombre: Bacteria <br>Seguidores: 195 <br>Resultado: 2.33  %","Cuenta: _jorgeisaac342 <br>Nombre: Jorge Isaac López <br>Seguidores: 552 <br>Resultado: 7.69  %","Cuenta: pleyadiano83 <br>Nombre: Pleyadiano <br>Seguidores: 1119 <br>Resultado: 6.67  %","Cuenta: jororman2014 <br>Nombre: Joran <br>Seguidores: 4078 <br>Resultado: 3.41  %","Cuenta: mariogongora42 <br>Nombre: 🌅Mario Góngora 🚑🏥 <br>Seguidores: 41 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: laboyacenseonl1 <br>Nombre: @laboyacenseonline <br>Seguidores: 1202 <br>Resultado: 7.79  %","Cuenta: ghodwalker <br>Nombre: Gerhard Hodwalker <br>Seguidores: 737 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: leonelterraza99 <br>Nombre: Sintitubeo <br>Seguidores: 45 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: ramirezever <br>Nombre: Ramírez Quiroga E <br>Seguidores: 3914 <br>Resultado: 4.76  %","Cuenta: andresabellol <br>Nombre: ANDRÉS ABELLO LÓPEZ <br>Seguidores: 602 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: NicoBetancourts <br>Nombre: Nicolás Betancourt <br>Seguidores: 361 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: javiermonje_ <br>Nombre: Javier Monje <br>Seguidores: 273 <br>Resultado: 83.99  %","Cuenta: meli_paez_ <br>Nombre: canuto <br>Seguidores: 1119 <br>Resultado: 8.33  %","Cuenta: jhonmor48056057 <br>Nombre: Jhon Moreno <br>Seguidores: 81 <br>Resultado: 5  %","Cuenta: donhpcolombiano <br>Nombre: Todos los días me paro...pero a trabajar. <br>Seguidores: 2275 <br>Resultado: 0.85  %","Cuenta: homerocritico <br>Nombre: Homero Histórico <br>Seguidores: 37 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: bgadenuncia1 <br>Nombre: Bgadenuncia_ <br>Seguidores: 1 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: yulieruran <br>Nombre: yuyu <br>Seguidores: 524 <br>Resultado: 23.08  %","Cuenta: ronjimra <br>Nombre: Myself Reloaded <br>Seguidores: 1590 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: alexvalenkno <br>Nombre: Caballero🇨🇴Templario🇩🇪SgloXXI🇨🇴🇩🇪 <br>Seguidores: 198 <br>Resultado: 4  %","Cuenta: alfredobustillo <br>Nombre: ALFREDO BUSTILLO <br>Seguidores: 966 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: daniel_ayalaf <br>Nombre: Daniel <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 5.71  %","Cuenta: eliecercamilo3 <br>Nombre: ELIECER CAMILO <br>Seguidores: 422 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: IESprisantander <br>Nombre: IES PRIVADAS DE SANTANDER <br>Seguidores: 66 <br>Resultado: 2.4  %","Cuenta: andresuarezf <br>Nombre: Andrés Suárez F. <br>Seguidores: 796 <br>Resultado: 14.63  %","Cuenta: ospinajmanuel <br>Nombre: Juan Manuel Ospina Restrepo <br>Seguidores: 2015 <br>Resultado: 62.08  %","Cuenta: mariat98908477 <br>Nombre: Maria t <br>Seguidores: 129 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: dperezdeportes <br>Nombre: Way Sports <br>Seguidores: 93529 <br>Resultado: 16.83  %","Cuenta: bucarabuca <br>Nombre: BucaraBuca <br>Seguidores: 14250 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: noedebe <br>Nombre: Mauricio Delgado Bd <br>Seguidores: 113 <br>Resultado: 2.98  %","Cuenta: fernand82951691 <br>Nombre: El cordobés <br>Seguidores: 3098 <br>Resultado: 9.38  %","Cuenta: Elberraquillo <br>Nombre: Ⓜ️🅰️rcel J🅰️Ⓜ️rrℹ️e ™️ <br>Seguidores: 1812 <br>Resultado: 4.52  %","Cuenta: socrate97488298 <br>Nombre: SOCRATES <br>Seguidores: 74 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: toby17271 <br>Nombre: Toby1727 <br>Seguidores: 127 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: juanes_bedoya7 <br>Nombre: Juanes Bedoya <br>Seguidores: 3267 <br>Resultado: 1.84  %","Cuenta: soy_tolimense <br>Nombre: Soy Tolimense <br>Seguidores: 1950 <br>Resultado: 9.68  %","Cuenta: nachito_1203 <br>Nombre: El cambio es ahora!...#PactoHistórico💪🏻 <br>Seguidores: 2018 <br>Resultado: 13.04  %","Cuenta: carlosjjff <br>Nombre: CARLOS FF AA <br>Seguidores: 216 <br>Resultado: 1.54  %","Cuenta: camiloprieto9 <br>Nombre: Camilo Prieto <br>Seguidores: 520 <br>Resultado: 9.8  %","Cuenta: intriagomanuela <br>Nombre: manuela intriago <br>Seguidores: 26 <br>Resultado: 18.18  %","Cuenta: jairperez97 <br>Nombre: Jair Pérez <br>Seguidores: 635 <br>Resultado: 3.45  %","Cuenta: andreitaoslash <br>Nombre: Andreita <br>Seguidores: 172 <br>Resultado: 5.26  %","Cuenta: feiiruedalozano <br>Nombre: Feiver Rueda Lozano <br>Seguidores: 375 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: alexcita92 <br>Nombre: Morita Rincón <br>Seguidores: 746 <br>Resultado: 7.14  %","Cuenta: _ellibertario <br>Nombre: EL CONSERVADOR LIBERTARIO <br>Seguidores: 633 <br>Resultado: 0.69  %","Cuenta: colderrida <br>Nombre: Col Derrida <br>Seguidores: 485 <br>Resultado: 4.55  %","Cuenta: lucho3127 <br>Nombre: Luis Escorcia <br>Seguidores: 46 <br>Resultado: 1.16  %","Cuenta: alejo_tarquino <br>Nombre: Alejandro Tarquino <br>Seguidores: 4512 <br>Resultado: 60  %","Cuenta: ibacas68 <br>Nombre: Jose Javier Ibañez C <br>Seguidores: 1191 <br>Resultado: 2.28  %","Cuenta: klich_33219 <br>Nombre: Carlos Guevara <br>Seguidores: 6244 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: julioandradeb <br>Nombre: Julio Andrade B <br>Seguidores: 819 <br>Resultado: 24.44  %","Cuenta: Promagdalena1 <br>Nombre: ProMagdalena <br>Seguidores: 108 <br>Resultado: 3.84  %","Cuenta: navarrowolff <br>Nombre: Antonio Navarro <br>Seguidores: 822384 <br>Resultado: 15.74  %","Cuenta: jorgeovalle <br>Nombre: Jorge Ovalle <br>Seguidores: 3610 <br>Resultado: 15.62  %","Cuenta: barcelonista_sh <br>Nombre: Sher <br>Seguidores: 775 <br>Resultado: 5.66  %","Cuenta: blackmangel <br>Nombre: Miguel Angel <br>Seguidores: 61 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: dralejandro_d <br>Nombre: Alejandro Díaz Ramírez <br>Seguidores: 248 <br>Resultado: 35.29  %","Cuenta: josh_roo <br>Nombre: Jorge Rodríguez Ávila <br>Seguidores: 215 <br>Resultado: 7.69  %","Cuenta: hernandoandresg <br>Nombre: Andrés Guevara <br>Seguidores: 479 <br>Resultado: 21.43  %","Cuenta: jarylondono <br>Nombre: Jary Londoño <br>Seguidores: 427 <br>Resultado: 21.62  %","Cuenta: alfredobustillo <br>Nombre: ALFREDO BUSTILLO <br>Seguidores: 966 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: Matador000 <br>Nombre: matador <br>Seguidores: 472957 <br>Resultado: 8.99  %","Cuenta: transenmedios <br>Nombre: Transporte en Medios <br>Seguidores: 5926 <br>Resultado: 11.43  %","Cuenta: Calvo517 <br>Nombre: Calvo <br>Seguidores: 439 <br>Resultado: 5.5  %","Cuenta: Holger24286869 <br>Nombre: EMI <br>Seguidores: 988 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: galita07 <br>Nombre: GALA MARTINEZ ACOSTA <br>Seguidores: 411 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: manoslimpiasco <br>Nombre: Indignados Colombia 🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 123449 <br>Resultado: 7.05  %","Cuenta: edgarme07761318 <br>Nombre: Edgar Mejia <br>Seguidores: 337 <br>Resultado: 1.7  %","Cuenta: abogramirez7 <br>Nombre: Ramírez <br>Seguidores: 3997 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: djandruofficial <br>Nombre: DJ ANDRU ⚡ <br>Seguidores: 1386 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: bogotasoy <br>Nombre: Soy Bogotá <br>Seguidores: 1024 <br>Resultado: 3.03  %","Cuenta: preguntemeloami <br>Nombre: Morelofereño. 🇮🇩 <br>Seguidores: 259 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: carlostuiran13 <br>Nombre: Carlos Alberto Suárez Tuiran <br>Seguidores: 337 <br>Resultado: 7.84  %","Cuenta: jhon8bc <br>Nombre: Jhon <br>Seguidores: 163 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: Joyenon <br>Nombre: Jnn <br>Seguidores: 318 <br>Resultado: 9.31  %","Cuenta: enfoquenoticios <br>Nombre: @enfoquenoticioso <br>Seguidores: 1176 <br>Resultado: 18.37  %","Cuenta: MatonsizimoKid <br>Nombre: Pretoriano <br>Seguidores: 9241 <br>Resultado: 6.25  %","Cuenta: luirrohernandez <br>Nombre: Luis Roberto Hernández <br>Seguidores: 264 <br>Resultado: 31.58  %","Cuenta: jaimebordaval1 <br>Nombre: Jaime Borda V <br>Seguidores: 636 <br>Resultado: 46.15  %","Cuenta: encuestaspolit <br>Nombre: Encuestas en linea <br>Seguidores: 994 <br>Resultado: 2.04  %","Cuenta: SMinoush <br>Nombre: Lili! <br>Seguidores: 1719 <br>Resultado: 10.34  %","Cuenta: San_Tolima <br>Nombre: San Luis Tolima <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: 21.43  %","Cuenta: scabana7 <br>Nombre: Sebastian Cabana <br>Seguidores: 393 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: gandour <br>Nombre: gandour <br>Seguidores: 1452 <br>Resultado: 35.71  %","Cuenta: 360radioco <br>Nombre: 360 Radio <br>Seguidores: 49002 <br>Resultado: 5.88  %","Cuenta: duvanfarc <br>Nombre: Duvan Rodríguez <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: Debate2022 <br>Nombre: Elecciones2022 <br>Seguidores: 8971 <br>Resultado: 55.18  %","Cuenta: javiersilva0826 <br>Nombre: Pikachu de Musk y del Cambio por la Vida <br>Seguidores: 515 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jagrueso <br>Nombre: Jesús Alberto Grueso <br>Seguidores: 21570 <br>Resultado: 2.19  %","Cuenta: carlosandresd_ <br>Nombre: Carlos Andrés Delgado <br>Seguidores: 276 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: sebasgonpe18 <br>Nombre: Sebastian Gonzalez P <br>Seguidores: 91 <br>Resultado: 58.33  %","Cuenta: vanedelatorre <br>Nombre: Vanessa De La Torre <br>Seguidores: 489349 <br>Resultado: 9.13  %","Cuenta: JohnjairoGmezR3 <br>Nombre: John jairo Gómez Rozo <br>Seguidores: 278 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: Margaret_F21 <br>Nombre: Margaret <br>Seguidores: 69 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: oscargualdron <br>Nombre: Oscar Gualdrón Lara <br>Seguidores: 696 <br>Resultado: 29.63  %","Cuenta: news247k <br>Nombre: Pacto histórico <br>Seguidores: 37 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: moviluppolitic <br>Nombre: Movilup Politic <br>Seguidores: 143 <br>Resultado: 10.26  %","Cuenta: jesmar72 <br>Nombre: Jesús Martínez <br>Seguidores: 24 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: polombiano88 <br>Nombre: Polombiano <br>Seguidores: 122 <br>Resultado: 3.57  %","Cuenta: adolfofv12 <br>Nombre: Adolfo Fernández V. <br>Seguidores: 181 <br>Resultado: 3.7  %","Cuenta: hernandomarti <br>Nombre: Hernando Jose Martinez <br>Seguidores: 24835 <br>Resultado: 4.04  %","Cuenta: garzonnortes <br>Nombre: F🌟🌞🌞☀️☀️ G <br>Seguidores: 539 <br>Resultado: 2.12  %","Cuenta: royserna <br>Nombre: POLLO SIN MENTE <br>Seguidores: 1405 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: teveoenclases <br>Nombre: Teveoenclases <br>Seguidores: 1860 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: cncquindio <br>Nombre: CNC Quindio <br>Seguidores: 2522 <br>Resultado: 10.53  %","Cuenta: arvel33 <br>Nombre: arvel Liunsky <br>Seguidores: 145 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: idickyj <br>Nombre: ⓘ EsteUsuario. <br>Seguidores: 15639 <br>Resultado: 4.55  %","Cuenta: laperreraco <br>Nombre: La Perrera Política <br>Seguidores: 758 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: yonathanab98 <br>Nombre: Yonathan Alexis Betancur <br>Seguidores: 597 <br>Resultado: 2.94  %","Cuenta: nestor_ramjim_ <br>Nombre: Nestor Elias RAMIREZ <br>Seguidores: 19 <br>Resultado: 1.52  %","Cuenta: vladimirhermann <br>Nombre: Vladimir Hermann <br>Seguidores: 388 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: cmunoz197801 <br>Nombre: PACHECO01 <br>Seguidores: 286 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: marishelsromero <br>Nombre: Marishel <br>Seguidores: 593 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: PrensaTibanica <br>Nombre: PrensaTibanica <br>Seguidores: 426 <br>Resultado: 12.86  %","Cuenta: pablovi29257066 <br>Nombre: pablo villalba <br>Seguidores: 155 <br>Resultado: 1.52  %","Cuenta: san_tolima <br>Nombre: San Luis Tolima <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: notinaldigital <br>Nombre: Noticiero Nacional Digital <br>Seguidores: 2764 <br>Resultado: 3.01  %","Cuenta: germanzapatave <br>Nombre: Germán Zapata Vergara <br>Seguidores: 5232 <br>Resultado: 6.83  %","Cuenta: alejand77819825 <br>Nombre: ALEJANDRO GUTIERREZ <br>Seguidores: 16 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: democratajoven <br>Nombre: PENSAMIENTO JOVEN <br>Seguidores: 44 <br>Resultado: 1.61  %","Cuenta: politicvirtual <br>Nombre: Política Virtual <br>Seguidores: 511 <br>Resultado: 5.1  %","Cuenta: jossegregory <br>Nombre: Gяεgσяισ Vαяgαs <br>Seguidores: 21552 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: fuelsmicroalgae <br>Nombre: Anti fascista <br>Seguidores: 1186 <br>Resultado: 2.99  %","Cuenta: mrjuaaan <br>Nombre: Juan!!!!!! <br>Seguidores: 499 <br>Resultado: 8.33  %","Cuenta: nuryriao1 <br>Nombre: NOalestadoopresivo <br>Seguidores: 42 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: erick83186415 <br>Nombre: Erick <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: NaN  %","Cuenta: leonzambrano <br>Nombre: Leonardo Zambrano <br>Seguidores: 115 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: richenao <br>Nombre: Ricardo Henao Calderón <br>Seguidores: 85091 <br>Resultado: 2.26  %","Cuenta: joseromero1212 <br>Nombre: Jose A <br>Seguidores: 1355 <br>Resultado: 1.38  %","Cuenta: 1900d91491a7425 <br>Nombre: Diana Conde <br>Seguidores: 272 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: justi_ciega <br>Nombre: Justicia Ciega <br>Seguidores: 31 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: claudiavallejo_ <br>Nombre: claudia vallejo <br>Seguidores: 273 <br>Resultado: 2.86  %","Cuenta: carolin70405757 <br>Nombre: Carolina Guerra <br>Seguidores: 91 <br>Resultado: 3.57  %","Cuenta: teacherbopi <br>Nombre: Boris Piñeres Yanes <br>Seguidores: 793 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: cesarv2014 <br>Nombre: Cesar'Valdez💎🔥 <br>Seguidores: 1287 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: luis12213247 <br>Nombre: Luis <br>Seguidores: 3 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: alejitomijodrum <br>Nombre: Alejandro Rodríguez <br>Seguidores: 462 <br>Resultado: 40  %","Cuenta: ibacas68 <br>Nombre: Jose Javier Ibañez C <br>Seguidores: 1200 <br>Resultado: 5  %","Cuenta: megacolombian <br>Nombre: Mega Colombian <br>Seguidores: 520 <br>Resultado: 1.89  %","Cuenta: mauriciolarrot7 <br>Nombre: Mauricio Larrottac <br>Seguidores: 19 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: sergio_prieto10 <br>Nombre: Sergio David Prieto Romero <br>Seguidores: 2943 <br>Resultado: 18.59  %","Cuenta: lpdavila2008 <br>Nombre: LMPD <br>Seguidores: 79 <br>Resultado: NaN  %","Cuenta: castellanosfj <br>Nombre: Francisco Castellanos 🇺🇳 <br>Seguidores: 7780 <br>Resultado: 3.77  %","Cuenta: paranoidrockbar <br>Nombre: 𝕻𝖆𝖗𝖆𝖓𝖔𝖎𝖉 𝕽𝖔𝖈𝖐 𝕭𝖆𝖗 - Edward Rubiano <br>Seguidores: 284 <br>Resultado: 0.42  %","Cuenta: wilkinmarin <br>Nombre: @wilkinmarin <br>Seguidores: 648 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: soyandresgo29 <br>Nombre: Andrés GO <br>Seguidores: 576 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jhonpin01422473 <br>Nombre: Jhon monsalve <br>Seguidores: 12 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: awitaecoc <br>Nombre: awitaecoco🇨🇴🥵 <br>Seguidores: 19 <br>Resultado: 8.43  %","Cuenta: DavidVevo20 <br>Nombre: VEVO STUDIOS COLOMBIA ™ <br>Seguidores: 23 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: benjumeatirado <br>Nombre: Juan Tirado Benjumea <br>Seguidores: 1051 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: camilowhite1992 <br>Nombre: Camilo Blanco <br>Seguidores: 1800 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: enfoquenoticios <br>Nombre: @enfoquenoticioso <br>Seguidores: 1350 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jalbertopd77 <br>Nombre: Jaime Pérez Díaz <br>Seguidores: 90 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: dogorfox <br>Nombre: Diego Pinzon <br>Seguidores: 119 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: camiarredondod <br>Nombre: María Camila Arredondo <br>Seguidores: 857 <br>Resultado: 4.08  %","Cuenta: Tomas_Albeiro <br>Nombre: Tomas Albeiro <br>Seguidores: 250 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: juanda_vera_ <br>Nombre: David_Vera <br>Seguidores: 331 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: rafermora <br>Nombre: Fercho <br>Seguidores: 167 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: laboyacenseonl1 <br>Nombre: @laboyacenseonline <br>Seguidores: 1202 <br>Resultado: 16.68  %","Cuenta: activocucuta69 <br>Nombre: Eduar <br>Seguidores: 1370 <br>Resultado: 9.52  %","Cuenta: alinsong10 <br>Nombre: Alinson Gonzalez <br>Seguidores: 2083 <br>Resultado: 6.06  %","Cuenta: nancy39906574 <br>Nombre: Nancy Arias G. <br>Seguidores: 31 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: _juanluisguerra <br>Nombre: Juan Luis Guerra <br>Seguidores: 180 <br>Resultado: 4.55  %","Cuenta: elkinnain1 <br>Nombre: nain <br>Seguidores: 844 <br>Resultado: 3.02  %","Cuenta: mmiguelpn <br>Nombre: MiguelS2022 <br>Seguidores: 202 <br>Resultado: 2.22  %","Cuenta: edwinle43709332 <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Pérez Bernal <br>Seguidores: 5453 <br>Resultado: 3.12  %","Cuenta: eguinperez <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Perez AntiuribistasigueAntiuribista <br>Seguidores: 8782 <br>Resultado: 3.45  %","Cuenta: centroizquierd1 <br>Nombre: Centro Izquierda <br>Seguidores: 558 <br>Resultado: 1.37  %","Cuenta: stebang93 <br>Nombre: Esteban Guerra <br>Seguidores: 57114 <br>Resultado: 10.47  %","Cuenta: dieguito_tp <br>Nombre: Diego Tunjo Pinilla <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: 6.85  %","Cuenta: ankara300 <br>Nombre: ANKARA <br>Seguidores: 8453 <br>Resultado: 3.33  %","Cuenta: avanzarahora <br>Nombre: INFORMAR <br>Seguidores: 320 <br>Resultado: 4.26  %","Cuenta: donhpcolombiano <br>Nombre: Yo me identiFICO...identifícate tu también. <br>Seguidores: 2290 <br>Resultado: 1.37  %","Cuenta: carlosantares <br>Nombre: Carlos Ochoa <br>Seguidores: 1076 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: bucaranotas <br>Nombre: NotasBucara <br>Seguidores: 2425 <br>Resultado: 5.97  %","Cuenta: alexbta94 <br>Nombre: Alex <br>Seguidores: 252 <br>Resultado: 4.04  %","Cuenta: alejobarragans <br>Nombre: Alejo Barragán S. <br>Seguidores: 15158 <br>Resultado: 6.1  %","Cuenta: alejoocampog <br>Nombre: Alejandro Ocampo <br>Seguidores: 5072 <br>Resultado: 2.17  %","Cuenta: soylaverdeee <br>Nombre: Solari <br>Seguidores: 293 <br>Resultado: 9.09  %","Cuenta: 360radioco <br>Nombre: 360 Radio <br>Seguidores: 49340 <br>Resultado: 10.64  %","Cuenta: Samibruno <br>Nombre: 🌷 𝕊𝕒𝕞𝕚 🌷 <br>Seguidores: 13272 <br>Resultado: 8.75  %","Cuenta: Patrici28488735 <br>Nombre: PatMor2019 <br>Seguidores: 1482 <br>Resultado: 6.45  %","Cuenta: jfjgonzalez <br>Nombre: Arquímedes <br>Seguidores: 1326 <br>Resultado: 4.26  %","Cuenta: lchaves12271242 <br>Nombre: Lucho Beto ✌🏽 <br>Seguidores: 728 <br>Resultado: 1.22  %","Cuenta: jcamiloorozco2 <br>Nombre: Juan  <br>Seguidores: 5669 <br>Resultado: 4.65  %","Cuenta: animodeofender_ <br>Nombre: Con ánimo de ofender <br>Seguidores: 39972 <br>Resultado: 4.56  %","Cuenta: eguinperez <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Perez AntiuribistasigueAntiuribista <br>Seguidores: 8792 <br>Resultado: 2.23  %","Cuenta: villabog <br>Nombre: Actualidad Col <br>Seguidores: 14 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: edwinle59158000 <br>Nombre: edwinleonardoperezbernal86@gmail.com <br>Seguidores: 571 <br>Resultado: 2.74  %","Cuenta: mamberroi___ <br>Nombre: why do you care? <br>Seguidores: 40 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: jaime58108924 <br>Nombre: Jaime <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 3.7  %","Cuenta: lafeadelgrup <br>Nombre: La Fea Del Grup <br>Seguidores: 4836 <br>Resultado: 5.71  %","Cuenta: aalexbeta89 <br>Nombre: Alex Segura <br>Seguidores: 13 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: vickydavilavih <br>Nombre: Vicky Devola <br>Seguidores: 134 <br>Resultado: 1.32  %","Cuenta: santiag44838539 <br>Nombre: Santiago Suárez <br>Seguidores: 53 <br>Resultado: 20  %","Cuenta: cacastella65 <br>Nombre: Carlos Castellanos <br>Seguidores: 743 <br>Resultado: 2.76  %","Cuenta: maormn <br>Nombre: Mauro N.N. <br>Seguidores: 10066 <br>Resultado: 2.44  %","Cuenta: titipizarro16 <br>Nombre: Titi Pizarro <br>Seguidores: 502 <br>Resultado: 8.57  %","Cuenta: Debate2022 <br>Nombre: Elecciones2022 <br>Seguidores: 8993 <br>Resultado: 16.5  %","Cuenta: j_bl10 <br>Nombre: j <br>Seguidores: 2590 <br>Resultado: 12.26  %","Cuenta: alexand36266859 <br>Nombre: vitalestoba <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: hugohdzp12 <br>Nombre: Hugo Hernández <br>Seguidores: 675 <br>Resultado: 6.45  %","Cuenta: avocolom <br>Nombre: A Votar Por Colombia <br>Seguidores: 0 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: diegoal78912914 <br>Nombre: Diego Albarracin <br>Seguidores: 441 <br>Resultado: 5.88  %","Cuenta: farfandiaz <br>Nombre: Jeffersson Diaz <br>Seguidores: 148 <br>Resultado: 33.33  %","Cuenta: josmara82193071 <br>Nombre: José María Herrera Campillo <br>Seguidores: 84 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: pequepeks045 <br>Nombre: Peque o Peks☽ <br>Seguidores: 3517 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: josecmengual <br>Nombre: Jose Carlos Mengual <br>Seguidores: 1158 <br>Resultado: 7.69  %","Cuenta: noticias_24_ <br>Nombre: Noticias 24  <br>Seguidores: 2196 <br>Resultado: 3.47  %","Cuenta: carmao9 <br>Nombre: Carmao <br>Seguidores: 201 <br>Resultado: 4.76  %","Cuenta: jmab1982 <br>Nombre: un humano mas <br>Seguidores: 1006 <br>Resultado: 0.84  %","Cuenta: edwinle43709332 <br>Nombre: Edwin Leonardo Pérez Bernal <br>Seguidores: 5583 <br>Resultado: 1.88  %","Cuenta: pukyseshotmail1 <br>Nombre: El Iguazon 🇨🇴 Colombia. <br>Seguidores: 9417 <br>Resultado: 4.96  %","Cuenta: FelipeVillamilO <br>Nombre: Felipe Villamil O. <br>Seguidores: 3728 <br>Resultado: 15.24  %","Cuenta: laperreraco <br>Nombre: La Perrera Política <br>Seguidores: 765 <br>Resultado: 18.84  %","Cuenta: maizzzber <br>Nombre: Maiber Olaya <br>Seguidores: 34984 <br>Resultado: 7.73  %","Cuenta: MIGUELA96784656 <br>Nombre: MIGUEL ANGEL ROMERO OCHOA <br>Seguidores: 2 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: dairoferia1 <br>Nombre: 🥑Dairoferia🥑🎉🎸 <br>Seguidores: 549 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: gab_haa <br>Nombre: Gabriel <br>Seguidores: 59 <br>Resultado: 23.53  %","Cuenta: soynicomelendro <br>Nombre: Soy Nicolas Melendro <br>Seguidores: 122 <br>Resultado: 5.56  %","Cuenta: hekatombe_ <br>Nombre: Revista Hekatombe 🔥 <br>Seguidores: 31749 <br>Resultado: 4.48  %","Cuenta: jahfrann <br>Nombre: Jahfrann <br>Seguidores: 66343 <br>Resultado: 2.28  %","Cuenta: caycedo1997 <br>Nombre: 𝓙𝓾𝓪𝓷 𝓢𝓮𝓫𝓪𝓼𝓽𝓲á𝓷 ®️ <br>Seguidores: 152 <br>Resultado: 8.57  %","Cuenta: enwichy <br>Nombre: Wichy En Las Redes <br>Seguidores: 1987 <br>Resultado: 3.85  %","Cuenta: juankynunez1999 <br>Nombre: Juan Camilo <br>Seguidores: 366 <br>Resultado: 2.86  %","Cuenta: cruzoscarmario <br>Nombre: Oscar Mario Cruz <br>Seguidores: 10256 <br>Resultado: 8.16  %","Cuenta: yeisonbilingue <br>Nombre: yeison asprilla <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 1.89  %","Cuenta: jccalar <br>Nombre: JuanC <br>Seguidores: 1738 <br>Resultado: 1.25  %","Cuenta: solanm815 <br>Nombre: Maurovix .🇨🇴Latinoamérica sin socialismo✊ <br>Seguidores: 2694 <br>Resultado: 1.25  %","Cuenta: ganeshagates <br>Nombre: GANESHA GATES 🦋 <br>Seguidores: 7208 <br>Resultado: 3.17  %","Cuenta: fillsilva01 <br>Nombre: filacho <br>Seguidores: 906 <br>Resultado: 3.92  %","Cuenta: catalondco <br>Nombre: Catalina Londoño <br>Seguidores: 6022 <br>Resultado: 2.46  %","Cuenta: RogerNiko <br>Nombre: ЯΘGΞRNIKΘ <br>Seguidores: 49 <br>Resultado: 28.57  %","Cuenta: locaporamerica1 <br>Nombre: DIABLAxSIEMPRE 👹 <br>Seguidores: 3780 <br>Resultado: 2.64  %","Cuenta: chalajohnny3001 <br>Nombre: Johnny Chala <br>Seguidores: 41 <br>Resultado: 100  %","Cuenta: jennykathe <br>Nombre: Jennifer Castillo <br>Seguidores: 634 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: mmiguelpn <br>Nombre: MiguelS2022 <br>Seguidores: 204 <br>Resultado: 21.05  %","Cuenta: sergioandresvr9 <br>Nombre: Sergio Andres Valencia <br>Seguidores: 885 <br>Resultado: 8.7  %","Cuenta: abrahamsoto01 <br>Nombre: Abraham Antonio Solano Torres <br>Seguidores: 2493 <br>Resultado: 8.23  %","Cuenta: miboyaca_co <br>Nombre: Mi Boyacá <br>Seguidores: 7891 <br>Resultado: 12.07  %","Cuenta: contadorfutbol <br>Nombre: ElContadordelFutbol <br>Seguidores: 178 <br>Resultado: 25  %","Cuenta: josefdotatism <br>Nombre: JTM. <br>Seguidores: 242 <br>Resultado: 6.67  %","Cuenta: ibadur16120910 <br>Nombre: Ruben Dario Benitez <br>Seguidores: 7 <br>Resultado: 11.11  %","Cuenta: alejandro_esch <br>Nombre: Alejandro Estupiñan <br>Seguidores: 333 <br>Resultado: 7.69  %","Cuenta: jalarcon_col <br>Nombre: 𝗝ota  <br>Seguidores: 408 <br>Resultado: 5.13  %","Cuenta: untalruales <br>Nombre: Anderson Ruales <br>Seguidores: 2062 <br>Resultado: 2.06  %","Cuenta: lauraaavidal_ <br>Nombre: 𝓛𝓪𝓾𝓻𝓪 𝓥𝓲𝓭𝓪𝓵 👑 <br>Seguidores: 236 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: notmsc22 <br>Nombre: Marcela <br>Seguidores: 681 <br>Resultado: 6.67  %","Cuenta: isabela_alban <br>Nombre: Isabela Albán <br>Seguidores: 1979 <br>Resultado: 21.98  %","Cuenta: jesusivans17 <br>Nombre: Jesús Ivan Sanchez <br>Seguidores: 93 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: yeisonbilingue <br>Nombre: yeison asprilla <br>Seguidores: 10 <br>Resultado: 8.33  %","Cuenta: brunetteinmoral <br>Nombre: Maria <br>Seguidores: 11457 <br>Resultado: 5.08  %","Cuenta: enilsonjavier1 <br>Nombre: Enilson Javier🇨🇴🇨🇴🇨🇴 <br>Seguidores: 5 <br>Resultado: 18.18  %","Cuenta: vallejosaberia <br>Nombre: Saberia Vallejo <br>Seguidores: 4 <br>Resultado: 14.29  %","Cuenta: bascobscd <br>Nombre: Santiago Córdoba <br>Seguidores: 3761 <br>Resultado: 2.2  %","Cuenta: colombia_dolor <br>Nombre: Petro Presidente <br>Seguidores: 88 <br>Resultado: 1.65  %","Cuenta: sago2022 <br>Nombre: Sago V. <br>Seguidores: 1298 <br>Resultado: 0  %","Cuenta: vicmaodj <br>Nombre: Vicmaodj <br>Seguidores: 2 <br>Resultado: 5.88  %","Cuenta: vicmaodj <br>Nombre: Vicmaodj <br>Seguidores: 2 <br>Resultado: 10  %","Cuenta: otroluismiguel <br>Nombre: luis miguel <br>Seguidores: 541 <br>Resultado: 38.71  %","Cuenta: andreadazalo <br>Nombre: Andrea Daza <br>Seguidores: 801 <br>Resultado: 2.94  %","Cuenta: canomenesesivan <br>Nombre: Iván David <br>Seguidores: 526 <br>Resultado: 1.92  %","Cuenta: jortiztorres10 <br>Nombre: Jesús Alberto Ortiz <br>Seguidores: 87 <br>Resultado: 12.5  %","Cuenta: tremblemen <br>Nombre: tremblement☄️ <br>Seguidores: 100 <br>Resultado: 16.67  %","Cuenta: brayhanvsoto1 <br>Nombre: Brayhan V. Soto <br>Seguidores: 783 <br>Resultado: 6.23  %","Cuenta: wilmarescribe <br>Nombre: w. 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%"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(238,0,0,1)","opacity":1,"size":30.236220472440948,"symbol":"circle","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(238,0,0,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","showlegend":false,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null}],"layout":{"margin":{"t":40.840182648401829,"r":7.3059360730593621,"b":37.260273972602747,"l":116.16438356164386},"plot_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","paper_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724},"title":{"text":"Encuestas en Twitter vs 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candidato","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[0.40000000000000002,4.5999999999999996],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["Sergio Fajardo","Rodolfo Hernandez","Federico Gutierrez","Gustavo Petro"],"tickvals":[1,2,3,4],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["Sergio Fajardo","Rodolfo Hernandez","Federico Gutierrez","Gustavo 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(y) ","x"],"91147c116453":["function (y) ","x"],"91141277157b":["function (y) ","x"],"91145d91659b":["function (y) ","x"],"9114718952cf":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Cafe 2022: Encuestas en Twitter vs La realidad</p>
</div>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section id="footnotes" class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Notas</h2>
<ol>
<li id="fn1"><p>En la primera evaluación se excluyó a Cálculo Electoral de la primera evaluación del 30 de Mayo (culpa del trasnocho). Con la actualización de los resultados con el escrutinio, La Silla Vacía recuperó el primer puesto.↩︎</p></li>
</ol></section><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2022,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {☕ Café post-electoral},
  date = {2022-05-31},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-31-cafe-2022/2022-cafe.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2022" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2022. <span>“☕ Café post-electoral.”</span> May
31. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-31-cafe-2022/2022-cafe.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-31-cafe-2022/2022-cafe.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>el país</category>
  <category>la silla vacia</category>
  <category>ajiaco</category>
  <category>pronósticos</category>
  <category>elecciones</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-31-cafe-2022/2022-cafe.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Mon, 30 May 2022 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-31-cafe-2022/cafe2022.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="84" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🥣 Sancocho de pronósticos</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/2022-sancocho.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“A wise man proportions his belief to his evidence”</em> <br> – David Hume</p>
</blockquote>
<p>El <strong>Sancocho</strong> mezcla todos los pronósticos, promedios, ponderaciones y ejercicios similares que están públicamente disponibles para la primera vuelta del 29 de mayo 2022.<br></p>
<p>Cualquier estimación pública y verificable que resulte en un pronóstico de votación, o un intervalo de votos posibles, es incluida. Debe estar descrita en alguna parte, y debe ser de acceso público.<br></p>
<hr>
<section id="el-sancocho-para-la-primera-vuelta-de-2022" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="el-sancocho-para-la-primera-vuelta-de-2022">El Sancocho para la primera vuelta de 2022</h2>
<p>El primer ingrediente del <strong>Sancocho</strong> es una referencia: <em>Encuestas</em>, un promedio simple de la intención de voto y su rango (el menor y mayor valor registrado para cada candidato), entre todas las encuestas que han salido desde las elecciones legislativas de marzo 13 de 2022.<br></p>
<p>Los demás ingredientes son todas las estimaciones puntuales según sus cocineros.<br></p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org">lubridate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 0. Resultado 1era vuelta ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_1era_vuelta_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39.84</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23.64</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4.13</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">27.82</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 1. Base: promedio de las encuestas ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2022</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_sancocho_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Filter despues de consultas </span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-13"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Seleccionar candidatos que encabezan las encuestas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gutierrez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"fajardo"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"hernandez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">otros</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Pivotear los datos</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blanco"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"otros"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                      names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Promedios</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>pronostico <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   high <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">max</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   low <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">min</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blanco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"otros"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Otros candidatos"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>                <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 2. Calentao ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calentao_sancocho_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-20-sancocho"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"calentao-2022_resultados.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span> <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Predicciones</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">modelo</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>m_all <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">value</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   p10 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">value</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   p90 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">value</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_sub.html">str_sub</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">modelo</span>, start <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1L</span>,end <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2L</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_sub.html">str_sub</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">modelo</span>, start <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4L</span>,end<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8L</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"mixto"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Mixto 2022"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Simple 2022"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gp"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"fg"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sf"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rh"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                       by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/rename.html">rename</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>pronostico<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">m_all</span>,low<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p10</span>,high<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p90</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 3. Ajiaco ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_sancocho_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-20-sancocho"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ajiaco_fit.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">parameter</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>pronostico <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">estimate</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   low <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">estimate</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   high <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">estimate</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>n<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_extract.html">str_extract</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">parameter</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"[:digit:]"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Join names</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#5,"Ingrid Betancourt",</span></span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resto (Otros, Blanco e Indecisos)"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"n"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>      <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ajiaco"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 4. El País ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">elpais_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JorgeGalindo/co-elect-2022/main/modelo_1av/promedio_norm.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span>   <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El Pais"</span>,</span>
<span>                nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span></span>
<span>                                    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                pronostico<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">promedio</span></span>
<span>                <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 5. La Silla Vacia ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lsv_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#NA,"Ingrid Betancourt",</span></span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 6. PoliticaConDato ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">politicacondato</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-20-sancocho"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"recetario"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-21_PoliticaConDato.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fico"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Perez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Luis Perez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Milton"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"John M. Rodriguez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gomez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Gomez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Blanco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@PoliticaConDato"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/rename.html">rename</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>pronostico<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/separate.html">separate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">inter</span>,sep<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"-"</span>,into <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"low"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"high"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/across.html">across</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"low"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"high"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">as.numeric</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 7. Colombia Risk Analysis ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colombiarisk_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">34.99</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19.24</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7.49</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12.46</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#1.68,"Ingrid Betancourt",</span></span>
<span>                     <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@ColombiaRisk"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 8. Calculo Electoral ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calculo_electoral</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">43.1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32.7</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">53.9</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">24.9</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17.6</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32.8</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.7</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2.9</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">9.5</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">22.3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15.8</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">29.7</span></span>
<span>                     <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@calc_electoral"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span>  </span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Preparar Sancocho ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sancocho_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/bind_rows.html">bind_rows</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_1era_vuelta_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_sancocho_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calentao_sancocho_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_sancocho_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">elpais_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lsv_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colombiarisk_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">politicacondato</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calculo_electoral</span></span>
<span>                             <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>, levels<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,levels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ajiaco"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Mixto 2022"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Simple 2022"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El Pais"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@PoliticaConDato"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@ColombiaRisk"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@calc_electoral"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Guardar sancocho ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sancocho_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/write_delim.html">write_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-20-sancocho"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sancocho_resultados.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org">lubridate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">RColorBrewer</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://plotly-r.com">plotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colors_sancocho_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"orangered"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"orangered"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"orangered"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"green4"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"darkturquoise"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blue"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gold2"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"royalblue3"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"purple3"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">shape_sancocho_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># El sancocho</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sancocho_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_detect.html">str_detect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Otros|Voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/reorder.factor.html">reorder</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/desc.html">desc</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,</span>
<span>                 <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#text = paste('Candidato: ', nombres,</span></span>
<span>                <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#              '&lt;br&gt;Estimacion: ', round(pronostico, digits=2),</span></span>
<span>                 <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#             '&lt;br&gt;Cocinero: ',plato),</span></span>
<span>                color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>             position<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/position_dodge.html">position_dodge</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_linerange.html">geom_errorbar</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,ymax<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>,ymin<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/position_dodge.html">position_dodge</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-plot-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-1" title="Sancocho de pronósticos electorales"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-plot-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Sancocho de pronósticos electorales"></a></p>
<figcaption>Sancocho de pronósticos electorales</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">#                                     'Pronósticos y promedios para la primera vuelta disponibles a 21 Mayo #2022','&lt;/sup&gt;')))</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<p>Estos son algunos puntos comunes de los ingredientes del <strong>Sancocho</strong>:<br></p>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-important callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
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<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Importante</span>Lo que dicen los pronosticos:
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<ul>
<li><p><strong><em>Habrá segunda vuelta.</em></strong> Ningún pronóstico estima la votación de un candidato por encima de 50%.</p></li>
<li><p><strong><em>Gustavo Petro y Federico Gutierrez pasarán a segunda vuelta.</em></strong> Todos los pronósticos coinciden en que estos dos candidatos obtendrán las mayores votaciones en primera vuelta.</p></li>
<li><p><strong><em>La veda de las encuestas no permitió ver la trayectoria completa de Rodolfo Hernández.</em></strong> La semana anterior a la primera vuelta el candidato Rodolfo Hernández tuvo un repunte importante en las encuestas, pero no es posible verlo completo por la restricción a publicar mediciones una semana antes de las elecciones.</p></li>
<li><p><strong><em>Primer modelo probabilístico.</em></strong> El 🥑 <a href="ajiaco"><strong>Ajiaco</strong></a> es el primer modelo probabilístico que se publica para unas elecciones de primera vuelta en Colombia. Es un modelo abierto y replicable. Le da una probabilidad de 2-3% a Gustavo Petro de ganar en primera vuelta, y 0% a cualquier otro candidato.</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>Antes de ver los detalles de cada receta, una tabla para tener presente las diferencias entre cada plato que incluye los resultados del escrutinio del 1 de Junio.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ajiaco"</span>,</span>
<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El País"</span>,</span>
<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"orangered"</span>,</span>
<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"darkgreen"</span>,</span>
<span>                                                 <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"darkcyan"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/DT/man/formatCurrency.html">formatStyle</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>columns <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/colnames.html">colnames</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">'50%'</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="datatables html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-576c9b874860a33bb4b5" style="width:100%;height:auto;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-576c9b874860a33bb4b5">{"x":{"filter":"top","vertical":false,"filterHTML":"<tr>\n  <td><\/td>\n  <td data-type=\"factor\" style=\"vertical-align: top;\">\n    <div class=\"form-group has-feedback\" style=\"margin-bottom: auto;\">\n      <input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"All\" class=\"form-control\" style=\"width: 100%;\"/>\n      <span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle form-control-feedback\"><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"width: 100%; display: none;\">\n      <select multiple=\"multiple\" style=\"width: 100%;\" data-options=\"[&quot;Resultado&quot;,&quot;Ajiaco&quot;,&quot;Mixto 2022&quot;,&quot;Simple 2022&quot;,&quot;@JorgeGalindo El Pais&quot;,&quot;La Silla Vacia&quot;,&quot;@PoliticaConDato&quot;,&quot;@ColombiaRisk&quot;,&quot;@calc_electoral&quot;,&quot;Encuestas&quot;]\"><\/select>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/td>\n  <td data-type=\"factor\" style=\"vertical-align: top;\">\n    <div class=\"form-group has-feedback\" style=\"margin-bottom: auto;\">\n      <input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"All\" class=\"form-control\" style=\"width: 100%;\"/>\n      <span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle form-control-feedback\"><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"width: 100%; display: none;\">\n      <select multiple=\"multiple\" style=\"width: 100%;\" data-options=\"[&quot;Gustavo Petro&quot;,&quot;Federico Gutierrez&quot;,&quot;Rodolfo Hernandez&quot;,&quot;Sergio Fajardo&quot;,&quot;Ingrid Betancourt&quot;]\"><\/select>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/td>\n  <td data-type=\"number\" style=\"vertical-align: top;\">\n    <div class=\"form-group has-feedback\" style=\"margin-bottom: auto;\">\n      <input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"All\" class=\"form-control\" style=\"width: 100%;\"/>\n      <span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle form-control-feedback\"><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"display: none;position: absolute;width: 200px;opacity: 1\">\n      <div data-min=\"4.13\" data-max=\"43.1\" data-scale=\"2\"><\/div>\n      <span style=\"float: left;\"><\/span>\n      <span style=\"float: right;\"><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/td>\n  <td data-type=\"number\" style=\"vertical-align: top;\">\n    <div class=\"form-group has-feedback\" style=\"margin-bottom: auto;\">\n      <input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"All\" class=\"form-control\" style=\"width: 100%;\"/>\n      <span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle form-control-feedback\"><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"display: none;position: absolute;width: 200px;opacity: 1\">\n      <div data-min=\"9.5\" data-max=\"55.4\" data-scale=\"2\"><\/div>\n      <span style=\"float: left;\"><\/span>\n      <span style=\"float: right;\"><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/td>\n  <td data-type=\"number\" style=\"vertical-align: top;\">\n    <div class=\"form-group has-feedback\" style=\"margin-bottom: auto;\">\n      <input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"All\" class=\"form-control\" style=\"width: 100%;\"/>\n      <span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle form-control-feedback\"><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"display: none;position: absolute;width: 200px;opacity: 1\">\n      <div data-min=\"2.9\" data-max=\"37\" data-scale=\"2\"><\/div>\n      <span style=\"float: left;\"><\/span>\n      <span style=\"float: right;\"><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/td>\n<\/tr>","extensions":["Buttons"],"caption":"<caption>Tabla del Sancocho a 2022-05-21<\/caption>","data":[["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","21","22","23","24","25","26","27","28","29","30","31","32","33","34","35","36","37","38","39","40"],["Resultado","Resultado","Resultado","Resultado","Encuestas","Encuestas","Encuestas","Encuestas","Mixto 2022","Simple 2022","Mixto 2022","Simple 2022","Mixto 2022","Simple 2022","Mixto 2022","Simple 2022","Ajiaco","Ajiaco","Ajiaco","Ajiaco","@JorgeGalindo El Pais","@JorgeGalindo El Pais","@JorgeGalindo El Pais","@JorgeGalindo El Pais","La Silla Vacia","La Silla Vacia","La Silla Vacia","La Silla Vacia","@ColombiaRisk","@ColombiaRisk","@ColombiaRisk","@ColombiaRisk","@PoliticaConDato","@PoliticaConDato","@PoliticaConDato","@PoliticaConDato","@calc_electoral","@calc_electoral","@calc_electoral","@calc_electoral"],["Gustavo Petro","Federico Gutierrez","Sergio Fajardo","Rodolfo Hernandez","Federico Gutierrez","Gustavo Petro","Rodolfo Hernandez","Sergio Fajardo","Federico Gutierrez","Federico Gutierrez","Gustavo Petro","Gustavo Petro","Rodolfo Hernandez","Rodolfo Hernandez","Sergio Fajardo","Sergio Fajardo","Gustavo Petro","Federico Gutierrez","Sergio Fajardo","Rodolfo Hernandez","Federico Gutierrez","Gustavo Petro","Rodolfo Hernandez","Sergio Fajardo","Gustavo Petro","Federico Gutierrez","Sergio Fajardo","Rodolfo Hernandez","Gustavo Petro","Federico Gutierrez","Sergio Fajardo","Rodolfo Hernandez","Gustavo Petro","Federico Gutierrez","Rodolfo Hernandez","Sergio Fajardo","Gustavo Petro","Federico Gutierrez","Sergio Fajardo","Rodolfo Hernandez"],[39.84,23.64,4.13,27.82,25.29,39.52,23.68,7.97,25.06,25.67,35.73,35.74,10.34,10.34,9.18,9.859999999999999,36,24,8,14,25.28,41.46,17.92,6.08,39,25,5,20,34.99,19.24,7.49,12.46,40.81,27.36,17.94,9.6,43.1,24.9,5.7,22.3],[null,null,null,null,31.6,47.6,55.4,12.3,30.23,29.79,41.25,40.87,12.74,12.56,11.16,11.4,45,32,13,21,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,44.4,31.8,25.5,11.7,53.9,32.8,9.5,29.7],[null,null,null,null,19,31.5,7.5,4,19.16,21.33,32.52,32.52,8.68,8.779999999999999,6.89,7.87,28,17,4,9,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,37,23.1,14.9,5.9,32.7,17.6,2.9,15.8]],"container":"<table class=\"display\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th> <\/th>\n      <th>Plato<\/th>\n      <th>Candidato<\/th>\n      <th>Valor<\/th>\n      <th>Intervalo (maximo)<\/th>\n      <th>Intervalo (minimo)<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n<\/table>","options":{"dom":"Bfrtip","buttons":["copy","csv","excel"],"autoWidth":true,"scrollX":true,"columnDefs":[{"className":"dt-right","targets":[3,4,5]},{"orderable":false,"targets":0},{"name":" ","targets":0},{"name":"plato","targets":1},{"name":"nombres","targets":2},{"name":"pronostico","targets":3},{"name":"high","targets":4},{"name":"low","targets":5}],"order":[],"orderClasses":false,"orderCellsTop":true,"rowCallback":"function(row, data, displayNum, displayIndex, dataIndex) {\nvar value=data[1]; $(this.api().cell(row, 1).node()).css({'color':'white','background-color':value == \"Encuestas\" ? \"midnightblue\" : value == \"Resultado\" ? \"lawngreen\" : value == \"@calc_electoral\" ? \"royalblue\" : value == \"@PoliticaConDato\" ? \"blue\" : value == \"@ColombiaRisk\" ? \"gold\" : value == \"Simple 2022\" ? \"orangered\" : value == \"Mixto 2022\" ? \"orangered\" : value == \"Ajiaco\" ? \"orangered\" : value == \"@JorgeGalindo El País\" ? \"darkgreen\" : value == \"La Silla Vacia\" ? \"darkcyan\" : null});\n}"}},"evals":["options.rowCallback"],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Sancocho 2022 en detalle</p>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="recetas-electorales-2022" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="recetas-electorales-2022">👨‍🍳 <em>Recetas Electorales 2022</em>
</h2>
<p>Abajo van los resultados de los platos para la primera vuelta preparados por las <strong>Recetas Electorales</strong>: Los platos del <strong>Calentao</strong> y el <strong>Ajiaco</strong>.<br></p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb5" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">17</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colors_entrada_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alejandro Gaviria"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">205</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">31</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">161</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">46</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Juan Manuel Galan"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">213</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">48</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">62</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">185</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alex Char"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">228</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">120</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"David Barguil"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">97</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">169</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Peñalosa"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">139</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">139</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Oscar I. Zuluaga"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">144</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">128</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">128</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">247</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">190</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sancocho_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/match.html">%in%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Mixto 2022"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Simple 2022"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ajiaco"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/reorder.factor.html">reorder</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/desc.html">desc</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>, color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_linerange.html">geom_errorbar</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>ymax<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>, ymin<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,width<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-recetas-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-2" title="Pronósticos Calentao y Ajiaco"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-recetas-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Pronósticos Calentao y Ajiaco"></a></p>
<figcaption>Pronósticos Calentao y Ajiaco</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="la-tortilla-de-el-país" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="la-tortilla-de-el-país">🥔 <em>La tortilla de El País</em>
</h2>
<p>Desde el periódico El País, <a href="https://twitter.com/JorgeGalindo"><code>@JorgeGalindo</code></a> publicó promedios con base en las encuestas y todos sus cálculos están en un <a href="https://github.com/JorgeGalindo/co-elect-2022">repositorio de GitHub</a>. Completa transparencia por parte de Jorge, excelente cocinero.<br></p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb6" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-elpais-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-3" title="La tortilla de El País"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-elpais-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="La tortilla de El País"></a></p>
<figcaption>La tortilla de El País</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="la-changua-de-la-silla-vacía" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="la-changua-de-la-silla-vacía">🍲 <em>La changua de La Silla Vacía</em>
</h2>
<p><a href="https://www.lasillavacia.com/elecciones-2022/?tab=ponderador">La Silla Vacia</a> publicó un ponderado de las encuestas que se basa en su evaluación de encuestadoras. El portal aclara que <em>“Como promedio ponderado, este ejercicio no es un pronóstico electoral”</em>, así que ellos se centran en tratar de describir las cosas en vez de predecirlas.<br></p>
<p>De todas maneras, el evaluador de encuestadoras de La Silla Vacía puede ser también evaluado como predictor del desempeño de las encuestadoras en las elecciones, así que se incluye en el <strong>Sancocho</strong>.<br></p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb7" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-lsv-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-4" title="La changua de La Silla Vacía"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-lsv-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="La changua de La Silla Vacía"></a></p>
<figcaption>La changua de La Silla Vacía</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="el-ensamble-de-politicacondatos" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="el-ensamble-de-politicacondatos">🍛 <em>El ensamble de <a href="https://twitter.com/PoliticaConDato">@PoliticaConDatos</a></em>
</h2>
<p>La primera receta enviada para el recetario abierto. Es el resultado de ensamblar 3 modelos que están en el repositorio de <a href="https://github.com/PoliticaConDato/Elecciones-2022">GitHub</a> de su autor.</p>
<p>Es un ejercicio cuidadoso y verificado por las recetas electorales, que además incluye estimaciones para todos los candidats que van a primera vuelta.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb8" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-politicacondatos-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-5" title="El ensamble de @PoliticaConDato"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-politicacondatos-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="El ensamble de @PoliticaConDato"></a></p>
<figcaption>El ensamble de <span class="citation" data-cites="PoliticaConDato">@PoliticaConDato</span></figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="la-kielbasa-de-colombia-risk-analysis" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="la-kielbasa-de-colombia-risk-analysis">🌭 <em>La kielbasa de <a href="https://twitter.com/ColombiaRisk">Colombia Risk Analysis</a></em>
</h2>
<p>El <a href="https://datastudio.google.com/u/1/reporting/917ffaef-bc74-4796-a4b0-aab3f9d89a2d/page/o8CxB">índice agregado de intención de voto</a> de Colombia Risk Analysis también usa únicamente las encuestas para estimar un agregado de la votación esperada.</p>
<p>En letra diminuta, en la esquina inferior izquierda de una gráfica, se especifica que el índice <em>“Pondera teniendo en cuenta la antigüedad de la encuesta y el tamaño de la muestra”</em>. Sin embargo, el <a href="https://www.colombiariskanalysis.com/_files/ugd/8eb96f_ce9a0800897543378aa15c02c6ee5aea.pdf">anexo técnico</a> no dice cómo lo hacen.</p>
<p>Se rajan en transparencia metodológica, porque nada les impide explicar claramente cómo miden el índice, pero igual es una fuente verificable, así que se incluyen en el Sancocho.</p>
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<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb9" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-colombiarisk-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-6" title="La kielbasa de Colombia Risk Analysis"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-colombiarisk-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="La kielbasa de Colombia Risk Analysis"></a></p>
<figcaption>La kielbasa de Colombia Risk Analysis</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="el-hornado-de-calculo-electoral-calc_electoral" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="el-hornado-de-calculo-electoral-calc_electoral">🥧 <em>El hornado de <a href="https://twitter.com/calc_electoral">Calculo Electoral <span class="citation" data-cites="calc_electoral">@calc_electoral</span></a></em>
</h2>
<p>Desde <strong>Ecuador</strong>, llega un <a href="https://colombia.calculoelectoral.com/2022/inicio.html">análisis</a> también basado en las encuestas que vale la pena incluir en el Sancocho. Además, se publicó antes del <a href="https://twitter.com/calc_electoral/status/1528284948192407552">21 de mayo</a>.</p>
<p>Los autores decidieron sobre publicar el código asociado, y se encuentra en <a href="https://github.com/crviteri/colombia/blob/main/2022/primera_vuelta/analisis_simulaciones/evolucion_voto_E1.py">este repositorio de GitHub</a>.</p>
<p>Sobresalen comparados con las otras recetas por los enormes intervalos de confianza. Por ejemplo, el intervalo para <a href="https://twitter.com/petrogustavo">Gustavo Petro</a> va de 32.7% a 53.9%, más de 20% de rango.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb10" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-calculo-electoral-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-7" title="El hornado de @calc_electoral"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/2022-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho2022-calculo-electoral-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="El hornado de @calc_electoral"></a></p>
<figcaption>El hornado de <span class="citation" data-cites="calc_electoral">@calc_electoral</span></figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2022,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🥣 Sancocho de pronósticos},
  date = {2022-05-15},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/2022-sancocho.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2022" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2022. <span>“🥣 Sancocho de pronósticos.”</span>
May 15. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/2022-sancocho.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/2022-sancocho.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>el país</category>
  <category>la silla vacia</category>
  <category>pronósticos</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/2022-sancocho.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sat, 14 May 2022 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-20-sancocho/sancocho2022.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="66" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🥑 Ajiaco electoral</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-01-ajiaco/2022-ajiaco.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“Today’s posterior is tomorrow’s prior”</em> <br>– Dennis Lindley</p>
</blockquote>
<section id="un-plato-completo-para-la-primera-vuelta" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="un-plato-completo-para-la-primera-vuelta">Un plato completo para la primera vuelta</h2>
<p>Después de varios intentos, por fin sale un plato que cocina la primera vuelta completa –con todos los candidatos juntos. El <strong>Ajiaco</strong> toma las encuestas como ingredientes para estimar simuláneamente la proporción de votos para cada candidato, proyecta la incertidumbre que hay en cada votación, y mantiene las proporciones acotadas para que nunca sumen menos de cero o más de cien por ciento.</p>
<p>La receta usa fórmulas complicadas y algunos ingredientes inusuales, como el ajiaco que simboliza. Abajo se describen todos los detalles para estimar y replicar el <strong>Ajiaco</strong>, e incluso usarlo para propagar la incertidumbre de otros escenarios. Siéntase libre de saltarse cualquier paso de la preparación y solo ver el plato servido –aunque se recomienda ver también la gráfica al final, que es la mejor de todas.</p>
<p>Una ventaja adicional del <strong>Ajiaco</strong> es que, al modelar las proporciones de votos de todos los candidatos, también servirá para analizar el elusivo residual que incluye a los que van a votar en blanco, los que no sabe por quién votar y a los no responden las encuestas con la verdad.</p>
<p>Todos los domingos antes de las elecciones habrá una actualización del <strong>Ajiaco</strong> con las encuestas que vayan saliendo, así que estén atentos a actualizaciones para ver la más reciente preparación.</p>
<hr></section><section id="ajiaco-servido" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ajiaco-servido">Ajiaco servido</h2>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Sacar a IB</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarize</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>promedio_prior <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   promedio_ponderado_t <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/weighted.mean.html">weighted.mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>  </span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Numero de encuestas disponibles</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_disponibles</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/between.html">between</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                        <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-13"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                        <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-28"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/count.html">tally</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Datos ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_priors</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tibble.html">tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  gp <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">promedio_ponderado_t</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>  fg <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">promedio_ponderado_t</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>  sf <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">promedio_ponderado_t</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>  rh <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_encuestas</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">promedio_ponderado_t</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>rest <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/colSums.html">rowSums</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/across.html">across</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/where.html">where</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">is.numeric</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/across.html">across</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/everything.html">everything</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Simulacion numero de encuestas </span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_n_encuestas</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1e2</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_ensayos</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1e5</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Simulacion de resultados de encuestas</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_multinomial</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Multinom.html">rmultinom</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_ensayos</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_n_encuestas</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_priors</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/t.html">t</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/as_tibble.html">as_tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/across.html">across</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/everything.html">everything</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">median</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Datos Ajiaco ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_data</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  ajiaco_n_encuestas <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_n_encuestas</span>,</span>
<span>  ajiaco_priors <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_multinomial</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp</span>,</span>
<span>                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_multinomial</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg</span>,</span>
<span>                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_multinomial</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sf</span>,</span>
<span>                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_multinomial</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rh</span>,</span>
<span>                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_multinomial</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rest</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/cmdstanr/">cmdstanr</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Estimacion ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_stan</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cmdstanr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/cmdstanr/reference/cmdstan_model.html">cmdstan_model</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-01-ajiaco"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ajiaco_model.stan"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  force_recompile <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_stan</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sample</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_data</span>,</span>
<span>  seed <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">123</span>,</span>
<span>  chains <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  parallel_chains <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  iter_warmup <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1000</span>,</span>
<span>  iter_sampling <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4000</span>,</span>
<span>  adapt_delta <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.95</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<p>Según esta estimación del <strong>Ajiaco</strong> basada en 27 encuestas disponibles, <a href="https://twitter.com/petrogustavo">Gustavo Petro</a> obtendría 36% de la votación, seguido por <a href="https://twitter.com/FicoGutierrez">Federico Gutierrez</a> con 24%. <a href="https://twitter.com/ingrodolfohdez">Rodolfo Hernández</a> sigue con 14% y <a href="https://twitter.com/sergio_fajardo">Sergio Fajardo</a> con 8%. El <strong>Ajiaco</strong> estimó a <a href="https://twitter.com/IBetancourtCol">Ingrid Betancourt</a> con 1-2% hasta el 20 de mayo, con la adhesión a la campaña de <a href="https://twitter.com/ingrodolfohdez">Rodolfo Hernández</a>. Por último, el <strong>Ajiaco</strong>, por construcción, también estima un residuo que incluye la intención por otros candidatos, los que dicen que van a votar en blanco y los indecisos. Este residuo es de más o menos 14%, e incluye 2-2.5% para otros candidatos y 9-12% de indecisos.</p>
<p>El <strong>Ajiaco</strong> servido incluye la mediana de la distribución posterior estimada para todos los candidatos, así como intervalos que representan al rango entre el percentil 10 y 90 para el parámetro de cada candidato.</p>
<p>Ya que el modelo depende de lo que vaya saliendo en las encuestas, cada estimación del modelo arroja resultados diferentes. Eso refleja solamente el hecho de incorporar nueva información, y que debe hacerse con base a lo que salga en todas las encuestas, jamás en lo que salga en una sola.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">RColorBrewer</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/">posterior</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Parametros ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">shape_entrada_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">22</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colors_entrada_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alejandro Gaviria"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">205</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">31</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">161</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">46</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Juan Manuel Galan"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">213</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">48</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">62</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">185</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alex Char"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">228</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">120</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"David Barguil"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">97</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">169</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Peñalosa"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">139</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">139</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Oscar I. Zuluaga"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">144</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">128</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">128</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">247</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">190</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Plato servido</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">posterior</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/reference/draws_df.html">as_draws_df</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/as_tibble.html">as_tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pred["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pred["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"parameter"</span>,values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"estimate"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">parameter</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>m <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">estimate</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   p10 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">estimate</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   p90 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">estimate</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>n<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_extract.html">str_extract</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">parameter</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"[:digit:]"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Join names</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#5,"Ingrid Betancourt",</span></span>
<span>                           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#"jm","John Milton Rodriguez",</span></span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resto (Otros, Blanco e Indecisos)"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"n"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Order</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombre <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,levels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resto (Otros, Blanco e Indecisos)"</span>,</span>
<span>                                                  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#"Ingrid Betancourt",</span></span>
<span>                                                  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># ggplot</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">m</span>,x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_text.html">geom_text</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>label<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">m</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Round.html">round</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>digits<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,vjust<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1.2</span>,color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"black"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_linerange.html">geom_pointrange</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>ymin <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p10</span>,ymax<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p90</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># encuestas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">m</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_priors</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_priors</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_priors</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sf</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_priors</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rh</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#100*ajiaco_priors$ib,"Ingrid Betancourt",</span></span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_priors</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rest</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resto (Otros, Blanco e Indecisos)"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"red2"</span>, shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>,size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/coord_flip.html">coord_flip</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_manual.html">scale_color_manual</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>values<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colors_entrada_2022</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_continuous.html">scale_y_continuous</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>limits <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,breaks<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">40</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_abline.html">geom_hline</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>yintercept<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">40</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, linetype<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"dashed"</span>,color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"grey60"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-ajiaco_files/figure-html/ajiaco-resultados-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-1" title="Resultados del Ajiaco"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-01-ajiaco/2022-ajiaco_files/figure-html/ajiaco-resultados-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Resultados del Ajiaco"></a></p>
<figcaption>Resultados del Ajiaco</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Export ####</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-01-ajiaco"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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background-color: null;
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</details>
</div>
</section><section id="ingredientes" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ingredientes">Ingredientes</h2>
<p>El <strong>Ajiaco</strong> es el primero <em>modelo generativo</em> para la primera vuelta. El plato produce estimaciones para todos los candidatos simuláneamente. La maravilla de los modelos bayesianos es que son capaces de <em>representar</em> el fenómeno que buscan describir, condicionando el modelo a las observaciones, pero también lo pueden simular: pueden <em>recrear</em> lo que se busca observar.</p>
<p>Gracias a esta capacidad generativa, lo que hace al <strong>Ajiaco</strong> un buen plato es propagar la incertidumbre que se encuestra en sus ingredientes (las encuestas). Así, aunque los ingredientes no sean los mejores ya que las encuestas son imperfectas y ruidosas, el <strong>Ajiaco</strong> convierte la incertidumbre que hay en todas las encuestas juntas en incertidumbre sobre la votación estimada para cada candidato.</p>
<p>Para preparar el <strong>Ajiaco</strong> se necesitan las proporciones de votación para cada candidato. Según esta preparación, el modelo utiliza como <em>priors</em> para la estimación de cada parámetro la proporción de votos promedio en el momento <em>t</em> de cada estimación <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmu_%7Bt%7D"> que han registrado las encuestas para cada candidato. Esta no es la única forma: el <strong>Ajiaco</strong> también puede utilizar otro promedio, como un promedio ponderado donde las más recientes pesen relativamente más, u otras ponderaciones siempre y cuando todas las proporciones sumen 100%.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb5" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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font-weight: bold;
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<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Preparar data frame para calcular priors</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                        <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Start</span></span>
<span>                        <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-13"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                        <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#lubridate::as_date("2022-05-10"),</span></span>
<span>                        <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#End</span></span>
<span>                        <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-28"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Sacar a IB</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarize</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>promedio_prior <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   promedio_ponderado_t <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/weighted.mean.html">weighted.mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>  </span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Numero de encuestas disponibles</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_disponibles</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/between.html">between</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                        <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-13"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                        <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-28"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/count.html">tally</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Kable</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_encuestas</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html">arrange</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/desc.html">desc</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">promedio_prior</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">knitr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/knitr/man/kable.html">kable</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"html"</span>, digits<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,caption <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Priors por candidato"</span>,</span>
<span>        col.names <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Candidato"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"$\\mu_{t}$"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"$\\mu[ponderado]_{t}$"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<table class="table" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;border-bottom: 0;">
<caption>
Priors por candidato
</caption>
<thead><tr>
<th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Candidato
</th>
<th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmu_%7Bt%7D">
</th>
<th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmu%5Bponderado%5D_%7Bt%7D">
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Gustavo Petro
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
36.9
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
37.7
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Federico Gutierrez
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
25.3
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
25.4
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Rodolfo Hernandez
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
12.7
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
13.8
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Sergio Fajardo
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
8.0
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
7.3
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup>1</sup> Fecha: 2022-05-21
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup>2</sup> Encuestas disponibles: 27
</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
<p>Priors Ajiaco</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-warning callout-empty-content callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Advertencia</span>Lo que sigue es algo técnico, siéntase libre de saltárselo
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">

</div>
</div>
</section><section id="receta" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="receta">Receta</h2>
<p>El <strong>Ajiaco</strong> está inspirado en modelos de decisión discreta. Interpreta el apoyo que recibirá un candidato en las elecciones como un reflejo, imperfecto, de la intención de voto en las encuestas en cada momento <em>t</em>. Funciona de la siguiente manera.</p>
<p>La distribución de votos para cada candidato se determina con base en una función <em>multinomial</em>, donde cada ensayo es una encuesta, cada candidato es una posibible opción y la probabilidad de que se seleccione algun candidato <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Ctheta_%7Bcandidato%7D"> se determina con base en las proporciones de apoyo que reportan las encuestas. Cada encuesta entra dentro de la función multinomial como resultado de una distribución <em>Dirichlet</em>, cuyo único parámetro <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Calpha"> recoge al mismo tiempo todas las proporciones de votos estimadas por las encuestas para cada candidato<sup>1</sup>. La distribución posterior es Dirichlet, ya que las funciones Dirichlet y multinomial son <em>conjugates</em>.</p>
<p>Ya que estos modelos están acotados a representar proporciones que siempre deben sumar 100%, el <strong>Ajiaco</strong> incluye un parámetro para los <em>indecisos</em>, tanto en la distribución multinomial como la Dirichlet. De esta forma, el modelo transforma las encuestas en incertidumbre sin resultados absurdos como intervalos de credibilidad negativos o mayores a 100%.</p>
<p>Estos son las 3 partes que se necesitan para construir el <strong>Ajiaco</strong>:</p>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?eleccion_%7Bt%7D%20%5Csim%20Multinomial(%5Ctheta_%7Bt%7D)"></p>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csmall%20%5Ctheta_%7Bt%7D%20%5Csim%20Dirichlet(%5Calpha_%7Bt%7D)"></p>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csmall%5Calpha_%7Bt%7D%20%5Csim%0Ac(%5Cmu_%7BPetro%7D,%5Cmu_%7BGutierrez%7D,%5Cmu_%7BFajardo%7D,%5Cmu_%7BHernandez%7D,%5Cmu_%7BBetancourt%7D,%5Cmu_%7BResto%7D)"></p>
</section><section id="datos" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="datos">Datos</h2>
<p>Para pronosticar con <strong>Ajiaco</strong> hay que simular las elecciones.</p>
<p>Comenzamos por resumir los parámetros que irán en la función Dirichlet como <em>priors</em>, que se basan en el promedio ponderado por el tiempo de las intenciones de voto en las encuestas (entre más reciente la encuesta, más pesa en el promedio). Luego simulamos 10 000 ensayos de la función multinomial y los resumimos con una mediana para cada parámetro. Esto es equivalente a simular 10 000 encuestas de intención de voto conociendo más o menos cuál es la probabilidad de seleccionar a cada candidato.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb6" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Simulacion numero de encuestas </span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_n_encuestas</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">1e2</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_ensayos</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Simulacion de resultados de encuestas</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/as_tibble.html">as_tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/across.html">across</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/everything.html">everything</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">median</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
</section><section id="estimación" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="estimación">Estimación</h2>
<p>Esta es la receta para el <strong>Ajiaco</strong> en Stan:</p>
<div class="cell" data-output.var="ajiaco_model">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb7" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="sourceCode stan code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode stan"><span id="cb7-1"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">data</span> {</span>
<span id="cb7-2">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>&gt; ajiaco_n_encuestas; <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">//Numero de encuestas</span></span>
<span id="cb7-3">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; ajiaco_priors; <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">//Numero de candidatos/opciones</span></span>
<span id="cb7-4">}</span>
<span id="cb7-5"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">parameters</span> {</span>
<span id="cb7-6">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">simplex</span>[<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>] theta; <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">//Simplex que condensa las proporciones para que siempre sumen 100%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-7">}</span>
<span id="cb7-8"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">model</span> {</span>
<span id="cb7-9">  <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">target +=</span> dirichlet_lpdf(theta | rep_vector(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>)); <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Prior Dirichlet</span></span>
<span id="cb7-10">  </span>
<span id="cb7-11">  <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">target +=</span> multinomial_lpmf(ajiaco_priors | theta); <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">//Likelihood multinomial</span></span>
<span id="cb7-12">}</span>
<span id="cb7-13"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">generated quantities</span> {</span>
<span id="cb7-14">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span> pred = multinomial_rng(theta, ajiaco_n_encuestas);</span>
<span id="cb7-15">}</span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<p>Ahora a cocinar <strong>Ajiaco</strong> en RStan:</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb8" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/rstan/">rstan</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/options.html">options</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>mc.cores <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">parallel</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/parallel/detectCores.html">detectCores</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Datos ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_data</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  ajiaco_n_encuestas <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_n_encuestas</span>,</span>
<span>  ajiaco_priors <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_multinomial</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp</span>,</span>
<span>                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_multinomial</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg</span>,</span>
<span>                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_multinomial</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sf</span>,</span>
<span>                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_multinomial</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rh</span>,</span>
<span>                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_multinomial</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rest</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Estimacion ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_stan</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cmdstanr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/cmdstanr/reference/cmdstan_model.html">cmdstan_model</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-01-ajiaco"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ajiaco_model.stan"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  force_recompile <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_stan</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sample</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_data</span>,</span>
<span>  seed <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">123</span>,</span>
<span>  chains <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  parallel_chains <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  iter_warmup <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1000</span>,</span>
<span>  iter_sampling <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4000</span>,</span>
<span>  adapt_delta <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.95</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<p>El <strong>Ajiaco</strong> electoral se cocina rápido. Todas las cadenas se portan bien. La distribución de cada parámetro se concentra en la proporción que viene de las encuestas rápidamente, y con tantas encuestas simuladas se ve muy claro.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb9" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mjskay.github.io/tidybayes/">tidybayes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/">bayesplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://wilkelab.org/ggridges/">ggridges</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Crear matriz de muestras de la distribucion posterior</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_posterior</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">posterior</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/reference/draws_df.html">as_draws_df</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_fit</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Trace plot para los parametros de interes</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">bayesplot</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/reference/MCMC-traces.html">mcmc_trace</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_posterior</span>,</span>
<span>           pars<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/vars.html">vars</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pred["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-ajiaco_files/figure-html/ajiaco-mcmc-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-2" title="Ajiaco: Parámetros vs Observaciones"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-01-ajiaco/2022-ajiaco_files/figure-html/ajiaco-mcmc-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Ajiaco: Parámetros vs Observaciones"></a></p>
<figcaption>Ajiaco: Parámetros vs Observaciones</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb10" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Parámetros vs Observados</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">posterior</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/reference/draws_df.html">as_draws_df</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/as_tibble.html">as_tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pred["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pred["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"parameter"</span>,values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"estimate"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>n<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_extract.html">str_extract</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">parameter</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"[:digit:]"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_priors</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/everything.html">everything</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>,values_to<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"prior"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>n<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/row_number.html">row_number</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"n"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Join names</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"fg"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gp"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sf"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rh"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#"ib","Ingrid Betancourt",</span></span>
<span>                           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#"jm","John Milton Rodriguez",</span></span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rest"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resto (Otros, Blanco e Indecisos)"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombre <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_detect.html">str_detect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resto*"</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombre <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,levels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resto*"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombre <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://forcats.tidyverse.org/reference/fct_rev.html">fct_rev</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">"Distribución posterior de la intención de voto estimada para cada candidato"</span>,</span>
<span>       y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"Pronósticos del Ajiaco para la primera vuelta 2022"</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_disponibles</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"*Incluye otros candidatos, voto en blanco e indecisos\nFuente: www.recetas-electorales.com"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-ajiaco_files/figure-html/ajiaco-mcmc-2.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-3" title="Ajiaco: Parámetros vs Observaciones"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-01-ajiaco/2022-ajiaco_files/figure-html/ajiaco-mcmc-2.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Ajiaco: Parámetros vs Observaciones"></a></p>
<figcaption>Ajiaco: Parámetros vs Observaciones</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Lo mejor del <strong>Ajiaco</strong> es que estima probabilidades para todos los niveles de votación de cada candidato. La distribución posterior para cada candidato es una densidadad completa para cada nivel de votación. Si usted quisiera saber cuál es la probabilidad de que Petro obtenga más de 40% de la votación, o cuál es la probabilidad que Fajardo saque más de 15%, pregúnteselo al <strong>Ajiaco</strong>.</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-tip callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Tip</span>Shinystan
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>El <strong>Ajiaco</strong> es mejor en <a href="https://mc-stan.org/users/interfaces/shinystan">shinystan</a>.<br> En la consola de R: <code>shinystan::launch_shinystan(ajiaco_fit)</code></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb11" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
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font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mjskay.github.io/tidybayes/">tidybayes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Crear matriz de muestras de la distribucion posterior</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Parámetros vs Observados</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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background-color: null;
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<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#"jm","John Milton Rodriguez",</span></span>
<span>                           <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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<span>                   by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_detect.html">str_detect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resto*"</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://wilkelab.org/ggridges/reference/stat_density_ridges.html">stat_density_ridges</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>geom <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"density_ridges_gradient"</span>, calc_ecdf <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
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font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_viridis.html">scale_fill_viridis_c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>name <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Prob"</span>, direction <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_continuous.html">scale_x_continuous</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>limits <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">60</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">10</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">"Pronósticos del Ajiaco para la primera vuelta 2022"</span>,</span>
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font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_disponibles</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">" encuestas."</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"*Incluye otros candidatos, voto en blanco e indecisos\nFuente: www.recetas-electorales.com"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>legend.position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-ajiaco_files/figure-html/ajiaco-viridis-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-4" title="Ajiaco: Densidades posteriores"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-01-ajiaco/2022-ajiaco_files/figure-html/ajiaco-viridis-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Ajiaco: Densidades posteriores"></a></p>
<figcaption>Ajiaco: Densidades posteriores</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb12" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Probabilidad de que Petro obtenga mas de 50% ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">probabilidad_candidato</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">modelo</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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</details>
</div>
</section><section id="ñapa-simulación-de-las-elecciones-usando-ajiaco" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ñapa-simulación-de-las-elecciones-usando-ajiaco">Ñapa: Simulación de las elecciones usando 🥑 Ajiaco</h2>
<p>El <strong>Ajiaco</strong> se puede usar con un ingrediente adicional para simular unas elecciones: el censo electoral. Según la registraduría hay <a href="https://www.registraduria.gov.co/39-002-239-colombianos-estan-habilitados-para-votar-en-las-elecciones-de.html">39 millones</a> votantes elegibles, y con históricos de participación de cerca de casi 50%, hay más o menos una masa electoral de <strong>19.5 millones de votantes</strong>.</p>
<p>Cocinemos el <strong>Ajiaco</strong> con esa masa electoral para ver cuántos votos obtendría cada candidato, y comparemos con los votos que tuvieron en las consultas del 13 de marzo.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb13" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/rstan/">rstan</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/">bayesplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Censo electoral y tasa participacion 54% ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">censo</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39002239</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">votantes_simulacion</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">censo</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Modelo ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_simulacion</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">data {</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">  int&lt;lower=1&gt; ajiaco_n_encuestas;</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">  array[5] int&lt;lower=0&gt; ajiaco_priors;   // should sum to ajiaco_n_encuestas</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">}</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"></span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">parameters {</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">  simplex[5] theta;</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">}</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"></span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">model {</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">  theta ~ dirichlet(rep_vector(2.0, 5));</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">  ajiaco_priors ~ multinomial(theta);</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">}</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"></span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">generated quantities {</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">  array[5] int pred = multinomial_rng(theta, 19501120);</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">}</span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"></span></span>
<span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Estimacion ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_sim_stan</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cmdstanr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/cmdstanr/reference/cmdstan_model.html">cmdstan_model</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-01-ajiaco"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ajiaco_sim.stan"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  force_recompile <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_simulacion_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_sim_stan</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sample</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_data</span>,</span>
<span>  seed <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">123</span>,</span>
<span>  chains <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  parallel_chains <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  iter_warmup <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1000</span>,</span>
<span>  iter_sampling <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4000</span>,</span>
<span>  adapt_delta <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.95</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb14" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/rstan/">rstan</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/">bayesplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="http://haozhu233.github.io/kableExtra/">kableExtra</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Consulta ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consultas_resultados</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consulta</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">votos</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Pacto Historico</span></span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Pacto Historico"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">80.51</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4446970</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Pacto Historico"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Francia Marquez"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14.04</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">775732</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Pacto Historico"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Camilo Romero"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4.07</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">225224</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Pacto Historico"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Arelis Uriana"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.97</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">53843</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Pacto Historico"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alfredo Saade"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.38</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21374</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Centro Esperanza</span></span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Centro Esperanza"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33.43</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">717694</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Centro Esperanza"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Juan Manuel Galan"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">22.54</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">483977</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Centro Esperanza"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alejandro Gaviria"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15.57</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">334318</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Centro Esperanza"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Carlos Amaya"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20.97</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">450286</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Centro Esperanza"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Jorge Enrique Robledo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7.46</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">160159</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Equipo por Colombia</span></span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Equipo por Colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">54.17</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2139927</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Equipo por Colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alex Char"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17.73</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">700557</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Equipo por Colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"David Barguil"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15.76</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">622724</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Equipo por Colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Peñalosa"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.82</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">229970</span>,</span>
<span>                                <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-15"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Equipo por Colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Aydee Lizarazo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6.51</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">257191</span></span>
<span>                                <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fecha<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Tabla de votacion ####</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/options.html">options</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>knitr.kable.NA <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">''</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ajiaco_simulacion_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">posterior</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/reference/draws_df.html">as_draws_df</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/as_tibble.html">as_tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pred["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pred["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"parameter"</span>,values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"estimate"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">parameter</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>m <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">estimate</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   p10 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">estimate</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   p90 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">estimate</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>n<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_extract.html">str_extract</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">parameter</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"[:digit:]"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Join names</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#5,"Ingrid Betancourt",</span></span>
<span>                           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#"jm","John Milton Rodriguez",</span></span>
<span>                           <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resto (Otros, Blanco e Indecisos)"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"n"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Order</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombre <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,levels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resto (Otros, Blanco e Indecisos)"</span>,</span>
<span>                                                  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#"Ingrid Betancourt",</span></span>
<span>                                                  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#dplyr::filter(!stringr::str_detect(nombre,"Resto")) %&gt;%</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">m</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>m <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">m</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1e6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Consultas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consultas_resultados</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consulta</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>total_consulta <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html">sum</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">votos</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1e6</span>,</span>
<span>                                   votos <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">votos</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1e6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">votos</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">total_consulta</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"nombre"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">m</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">votos</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">total_consulta</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Kable</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html">arrange</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/desc.html">desc</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">m</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Bind rows censo</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/bind_rows.html">bind_rows</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tibble.html">tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombre <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"50% del censo electoral"</span>,</span>
<span>                          m <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">votantes_simulacion</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1e6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">knitr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/knitr/man/kable.html">kable</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"html"</span>, </span>
<span>        digits<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,</span>
<span>        caption <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Simulacion del Ajiaco con censo electoral (Millones de votos)"</span>,</span>
<span>        knitr.kable.NA <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">""</span>,</span>
<span>        col.names <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Candidato"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Votos Ajiaco"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Votos Consulta"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Total Consulta"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/kable_styling.html">kable_styling</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>full_width <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">F</span>, font_size <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/row_spec.html">row_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#FF4900"</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/column_spec.html">column_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,italic <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">F</span>, bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#FFA500"</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"black"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/column_spec.html">column_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">:</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"black"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/row_spec.html">row_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#c00000"</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<table class="table" style="font-size: 14px; width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;border-bottom: 0;">
<caption style="font-size: initial !important;">
Simulacion del Ajiaco con censo electoral (Millones de votos)
</caption>
<thead><tr>
<th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Candidato
</th>
<th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Votos Ajiaco
</th>
<th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Votos Consulta
</th>
<th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Total Consulta
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Gustavo Petro
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(255, 165, 0, 255) !important;">
7.08
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;">
4.45
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;">
5.52
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Federico Gutierrez
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(255, 165, 0, 255) !important;">
4.76
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;">
2.14
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;">
3.95
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Resto (Otros, Blanco e Indecisos)
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(255, 165, 0, 255) !important;">
3.16
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;">
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Rodolfo Hernandez
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(255, 165, 0, 255) !important;">
2.80
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;">
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Sergio Fajardo
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(255, 165, 0, 255) !important;">
1.55
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;">
0.72
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;">
2.15
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(192, 0, 0, 255) !important;">
50% del censo electoral
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(255, 165, 0, 255) !important;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(192, 0, 0, 255) !important;">
19.50
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(192, 0, 0, 255) !important;">
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: black !important;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(192, 0, 0, 255) !important;">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup>1</sup> Fecha: 2022-05-21
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup>2</sup> Aunque nadie lee estas notas: Esto es una simulación, no la realidad
</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
<p>Simulación del Ajiaco vs Consultas</p>
</div>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section id="footnotes" class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Notas</h2>
<ol>
<li id="fn1"><p>Por esta razón el <strong>Ajiaco</strong> no incluye a los candidatos con menos de 1% de intención de voto, y posiblemente en una futura estimación también excluya a la candidata del partido Oxígeno Verde.↩︎</p></li>
</ol></section><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2022,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🥑 Ajiaco electoral},
  date = {2022-05-01},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-01-ajiaco/2022-ajiaco.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2022" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2022. <span>“🥑 Ajiaco electoral.”</span> May 1. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-01-ajiaco/2022-ajiaco.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-01-ajiaco/2022-ajiaco.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>dirichlet</category>
  <category>probabilístico</category>
  <category>regresión</category>
  <category>stan</category>
  <category>bayesplot</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-01-ajiaco/2022-ajiaco.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sat, 30 Apr 2022 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-05-01-ajiaco/ajiaco.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="111" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🍲 Calentao, reciclando platos viejos</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-24-calentao/2022-calentao.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“When the facts change, I change my mind. What do you do, sir?”</em> <br>–John Maynard Keynes</p>
</blockquote>
<p>El <strong>Calentao</strong> recoge lo que quedó de las recetas electorales de 2018: recalienta el <strong>Plato Simple</strong> y <strong>Plato Mixto</strong> para la carrera electoral por la primera vuelta en 2022. Estos platos ya hicieron los mejores pronosticos en la primera vuelta de 2018, así que se merecen una recalentada.</p>
<p>Ambos platos se cocinan igual que en 2018 excepto por dos diferencias: se basan en las encuestas de 2022, obviamente, y algunas variables como el tipo de encuesta ahora incluyen mezclas (telefónica y presencial) y un nuevo tipo digital que lleva a cabo <a href="https://twitter.com/AtlasIntel_es">AtlasIntel</a>.</p>
<hr>
<section id="calentao-servido" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="calentao-servido">Calentao servido</h2>
<p>Según la más reciente preparación del <strong>Calentao</strong>, <a href="https://twitter.com/petrogustavo">Gustavo Petro</a> tendría 35% de la votación, seguido por <a href="https://twitter.com/FicoGutierrez">Federico Gutierrez</a> con casi 24%. <a href="https://twitter.com/ingrodolfohdez">Rodolfo Hernández</a> y <a href="https://twitter.com/sergio_fajardo">Sergio Fajardo</a> están empatados en 10%, e <a href="https://twitter.com/IBetancourtCol">Ingrid Betancourt</a> con un poco menos de 2%<sup>1</sup>.</p>
<p>Como todos los platos, si se cocinan con nuevos ingredientes cuando salgan más encuestas, los resultados serán diferentes. Ambos platos dan resultados muy similares, aunque procesan la información de manera diferente. Hay muy poca variabilidad entre las encuestas.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;"># Parametros ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">shape_entrada_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">16</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">17</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colors_entrada_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alejandro Gaviria"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">50</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">205</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">31</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">161</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">46</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Juan Manuel Galan"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">213</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">48</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">62</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">185</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alex Char"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">228</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">120</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"David Barguil"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">97</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">169</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Peñalosa"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">139</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">139</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Oscar I. Zuluaga"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">144</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">128</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">128</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">247</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">190</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Calentao resultados ####</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-04-24-calentao"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"calentao-2022_resultados.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span> <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Predicciones</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">modelo</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>m_all <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">value</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   p10 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">value</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   p90 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">value</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_sub.html">str_sub</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">modelo</span>, start <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1L</span>,end <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2L</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_sub.html">str_sub</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">modelo</span>, start <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4L</span>,end<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8L</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"mixto"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Mixto 2022"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Simple 2022"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gp"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"fg"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sf"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rh"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                       by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Exclude IB</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Grafico</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/reorder.factor.html">reorder</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">m_all</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
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<span>       y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Pronosticos e intervalo de credibilidad 90%"</span>,</span>
<span>       title <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Calentao Electoral"</span>,</span>
<span>       subtitle <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Estimacion del 2022-05-20"</span>,</span>
<span>       caption<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fuente: www.recetas-electorales.com"</span></span>
<span>       <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-calentao_files/figure-html/calentao-2022-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-1" title="Calentao 2022"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-24-calentao/2022-calentao_files/figure-html/calentao-2022-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Calentao 2022"></a></p>
<figcaption>Calentao 2022</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="ingredientes" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ingredientes">Ingredientes</h2>
<p>El <strong>Calentao</strong> usa las encuestas públicamente disponibles desde el 11 de marzo de 2022.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;"># Encuestas disponibles</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/count.html">tally</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadoras_disponibles</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/between.html">between</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-13"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-28"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/n_distinct.html">n_distinct</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>numeric(0)</code></pre>
</div>
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Preparar data frame para calcular priors</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gustavo_petro</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">federico_gutierrez</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sergio_fajardo</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rodolfo_hernandez</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ingrid_betancourt</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/between.html">between</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-13"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-28"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarize</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fecha pronostico: 2022-05-21"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas disponibles: "</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calentao_disponibles</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<table class="table" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;border-bottom: 0;">
<caption>
Priors por candidato
</caption>
<thead><tr>
<th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Candidato
</th>
<th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmu_%7Bt%7D">
</th>
<th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csigma_%7Bt%7D">
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Gustavo Petro
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
36.9
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
3.8
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Federico Gutierrez
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
25.3
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
3.7
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Rodolfo Hernandez
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
12.7
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
4.2
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Sergio Fajardo
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
8.0
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
2.2
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup>1</sup> Fecha pronostico: 2022-05-21
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup>2</sup> Encuestas disponibles: 27
</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
<p>Calentao: Priors</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr></section><section id="receta" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="receta">Receta</h2>
<p>Ver <strong>Plato Simple</strong> y <strong>Plato Mixto</strong> de 2018.</p>
<hr></section><section id="datos" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="datos">Datos</h2>
<p>Alistamos los datos tal cual como se hizo en 2018.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb5" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Calentao datos ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calentao_data</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,merror<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo</span>,</span>
<span>                <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gustavo_petro</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">federico_gutierrez</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sergio_fajardo</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rodolfo_hernandez</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ingrid_betancourt</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/between.html">between</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
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<span>                        <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-13"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                        <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-28"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span>  </span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Crear algunas variables</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>e_max <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,</span>
<span>                e_min <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,</span>
<span>                fecha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>, levels<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                enc <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                encuestadora<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">enc</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Crear variable duracion:</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>dd <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/character.html">as.character</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/now.html">today</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, format<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"%Y-%m-%d"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/character.html">as.character</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, format<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"%Y-%m-%d"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>dd <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dd</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>tipo_1<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"presencial"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                tipo_2<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"telefonico y presencial"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                tipo_3<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"digital"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">## Data frames por candidato ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp_calentao</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calentao_data</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>  </span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_calentao</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calentao_data</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>  </span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sf_calentao</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calentao_data</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>  </span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rh_calentao</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calentao_data</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>  </span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ib_calentao</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calentao_data</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
</section><section id="estimación" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="estimación">Estimación</h2>
<p>Abajo va un ejemplo del <strong>Plato Simple</strong> para el candidato <a href="https://twitter.com/FicoGutierrez">Federico Gutierrez</a>, pero es el mismo para todos los demas. Utiliza el data frame <em>fg_calentao</em>, así como los priors <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csmall%5Cmu_%7Bcandidato%7D=23.6"> y <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csmall%5Csigma_%7Bcandidato%7D=4.8">. Toda la receta va en el siguiente objeto <em>fg_simple.stan</em>.</p>
<div class="cell" data-output.var="fg_simple">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="sourceCode stan code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode stan"><span id="cb6-1"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">data</span> {</span>
<span id="cb6-2">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>&gt; N;</span>
<span id="cb6-3">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>&gt; N_encuestadora;</span>
<span id="cb6-4"></span>
<span id="cb6-5">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[N] int_voto;</span>
<span id="cb6-6"></span>
<span id="cb6-7">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[N] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">upper</span>=N_encuestadora&gt; encuestadora;</span>
<span id="cb6-8"></span>
<span id="cb6-9">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[N] merror;</span>
<span id="cb6-10">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[N] tipo_1;</span>
<span id="cb6-11">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[N] tipo_2;</span>
<span id="cb6-12">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[N] tipo_3;</span>
<span id="cb6-13">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[N] dd;</span>
<span id="cb6-14"></span>
<span id="cb6-15">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[N] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span> muestra;  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// keep as int if it is truly integer; otherwise use vector[N]</span></span>
<span id="cb6-16">}</span>
<span id="cb6-17"></span>
<span id="cb6-18"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">parameters</span> {</span>
<span id="cb6-19">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> a1;</span>
<span id="cb6-20"></span>
<span id="cb6-21">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> a_enc;</span>
<span id="cb6-22">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; s_enc;</span>
<span id="cb6-23">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[N_encuestadora] a_;</span>
<span id="cb6-24"></span>
<span id="cb6-25">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> a2;</span>
<span id="cb6-26">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> a3;</span>
<span id="cb6-27">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> a4;</span>
<span id="cb6-28">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> a5;</span>
<span id="cb6-29">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> a6;</span>
<span id="cb6-30">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> a7;</span>
<span id="cb6-31"></span>
<span id="cb6-32">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; s;</span>
<span id="cb6-33">}</span>
<span id="cb6-34"></span>
<span id="cb6-35"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">transformed parameters</span> {</span>
<span id="cb6-36">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[N] m;</span>
<span id="cb6-37"></span>
<span id="cb6-38">  m = a1</span>
<span id="cb6-39">      + a_[encuestadora]</span>
<span id="cb6-40">      + a2 * to_vector(muestra)</span>
<span id="cb6-41">      + a3 * merror</span>
<span id="cb6-42">      + a4 * dd</span>
<span id="cb6-43">      + a5 * tipo_1</span>
<span id="cb6-44">      + a6 * tipo_2</span>
<span id="cb6-45">      + a7 * tipo_3;</span>
<span id="cb6-46">}</span>
<span id="cb6-47"></span>
<span id="cb6-48"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">model</span> {</span>
<span id="cb6-49">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// priors</span></span>
<span id="cb6-50">  s ~ cauchy(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>);</span>
<span id="cb6-51"></span>
<span id="cb6-52">  a1 ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>);</span>
<span id="cb6-53"></span>
<span id="cb6-54">  a_enc ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>);</span>
<span id="cb6-55">  s_enc ~ cauchy(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>);</span>
<span id="cb6-56">  a_ ~ normal(a_enc, s_enc);</span>
<span id="cb6-57"></span>
<span id="cb6-58">  a2 ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>);</span>
<span id="cb6-59">  a3 ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>);</span>
<span id="cb6-60">  a4 ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>);</span>
<span id="cb6-61">  a5 ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>);</span>
<span id="cb6-62">  a6 ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>);</span>
<span id="cb6-63">  a7 ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>);</span>
<span id="cb6-64"></span>
<span id="cb6-65">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// likelihood</span></span>
<span id="cb6-66">  int_voto ~ normal(m, s);</span>
<span id="cb6-67">}</span>
<span id="cb6-68"></span>
<span id="cb6-69"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">generated quantities</span> {</span>
<span id="cb6-70">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> dev;</span>
<span id="cb6-71">  dev = -<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span> * normal_lpdf(int_voto | m, s);</span>
<span id="cb6-72">}</span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<p>Ahora nos vamos a RStan para prepara el plato con las encuestas disponibles hasta ahora:</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb7" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/cmdstanr/">cmdstanr</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_simple_stan</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cmdstanr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/cmdstanr/reference/cmdstan_model.html">cmdstan_model</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-colombia"</span>,</span>
<span>       <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-04-24-calentao"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"fg_simple.stan"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  force_recompile <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_simple_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_simple_stan</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sample</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>N<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calentao_disponibles</span>,</span>
<span>                            N_encuestadora<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadoras_disponibles</span>,</span>
<span>                            int_voto<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,</span>
<span>                            encuestadora<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                            muestra<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,</span>
<span>                            merror<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,</span>
<span>                            dd<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dd</span>,</span>
<span>                            tipo_1<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo_1</span>,</span>
<span>                            tipo_2<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo_2</span>,</span>
<span>                            tipo_3<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo_3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  seed <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">123</span>,</span>
<span>  chains <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  parallel_chains <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  iter_warmup <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1000</span>,</span>
<span>  iter_sampling <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4000</span>,</span>
<span>  adapt_delta <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.95</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>  </span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<p>Veamos en detalle el muestreo y los resultados.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb8" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/">bayesplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/">posterior</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">bayesplot</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/reference/bayesplot-colors.html">color_scheme_set</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blue"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Crear matriz de muestras de la distribucion posterior</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_simple_posterior</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">posterior</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/reference/draws_df.html">as_draws_df</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_simple_fit</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Trace plot para los parametros de interes</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">bayesplot</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/reference/MCMC-traces.html">mcmc_trace</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_simple_posterior</span>,pars<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/vars.html">vars</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"m["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-calentao_files/figure-html/calentao-mcmc-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-2" title="Calentao: Cadenas"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-24-calentao/2022-calentao_files/figure-html/calentao-mcmc-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Calentao: Cadenas"></a></p>
<figcaption>Calentao: Cadenas</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb9" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/">posterior</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Parámetros vs Observados</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fg_simple_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">posterior</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/reference/draws_df.html">as_draws_df</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/as_tibble.html">as_tibble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"m["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarize</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/across.html">across</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"m["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">mean</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"m["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"parameter"</span>,values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"estimate"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>n<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/row_number.html">row_number</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calentao_data</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2022-calentao_files/figure-html/calentao-resultados-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-3" title="Calentao: Parámetros vs Observaciones"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-24-calentao/2022-calentao_files/figure-html/calentao-resultados-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Calentao: Parámetros vs Observaciones"></a></p>
<figcaption>Calentao: Parámetros vs Observaciones</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="ñapa-estimación-del-calentao-con-ulam-de-rethinking" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ñapa-estimación-del-calentao-con-ulam-de-rethinking">Ñapa: Estimación del Calentao con ulam de rethinking</h2>
<p>La abstrusa representación del código en RStan puede ser intimidante. Es un lenguaje que da mucha flexibilidad, pero al costo de no poder comunicarla sino al que conoce muy bien la semántica de Stan.</p>
<p>Así que abajo incluyo el plato mixto del calentao usando una de las funciones de la 2da edición del increíble paquete <a href="http://xcelab.net/R/rethinking_package.pdf">rethinking</a> de <a href="http://xcelab.net/rm/">Richard McElreath</a>.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb10" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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font-style: inherit;"># Priors</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">b6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">Rho</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">s_encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Priors</span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b1</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b2</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b3</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b4</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">b6</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">s_encuestadora</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Cauchy.html">dcauchy</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">s</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Cauchy.html">dcauchy</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">Rho</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lkj_corr</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, </span>
<span>  data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>N<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calentao_disponibles</span>,</span>
<span>            N_encuestadora<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadoras_disponibles</span>,</span>
<span>            int_voto<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,</span>
<span>            encuestadora<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>            muestra<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,</span>
<span>            merror<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,</span>
<span>            dd<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dd</span>,</span>
<span>            tipo_1<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo_1</span>,</span>
<span>            tipo_2<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo_2</span>,</span>
<span>            tipo_3<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gp_calentao</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo_3</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  chains<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>, </span>
<span>  cores <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>  iter <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4000</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section id="footnotes" class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Notas</h2>
<ol>
<li id="fn1"><p>Ingrid Betancourt adhirió a la campaña de Rodolfo Hernández el 20 de mayo de 2022, y desde entonces se saca de las recetas electorales.↩︎</p></li>
</ol></section><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2022,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🍲 Calentao, reciclando platos viejos},
  date = {2022-04-24},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-24-calentao/2022-calentao.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2022" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2022. <span>“🍲 Calentao, reciclando platos
viejos.”</span> April 24. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-24-calentao/2022-calentao.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-24-calentao/2022-calentao.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>simple</category>
  <category>mixto</category>
  <category>regresión</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-24-calentao/2022-calentao.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sat, 23 Apr 2022 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-24-calentao/calentao.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="97" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🏳️️️¿Con qué se come la indecisión y el voto en blanco?</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-14-voto-blanco/2022-voto-blanco.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“Ignorance is a blank sheet, on which we may write, but error is a scribbled one, on which we must first erase”</em> <br> – Charles Caleb Cotton</p>
</blockquote>
<section id="qué-esconde-el-voto-en-blanco" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="qué-esconde-el-voto-en-blanco">¿Qué esconde el voto en blanco?</h2>
<p>Tal vez una de las cosas más inusuales de las encuestas de intención de voto es la dinámica de las mediciones del <em>voto en blanco</em>. Es extraña de principio a fin: a pesar de que el voto en blanco no supera el 2-4% de la votación en las elecciones, las encuestas miden en 15%, 20% y hasta 30%. Más extraño aún, el voto en blanco no siempre disminuye entre más se acerca la jornada electoral; a veces incluso aumenta antes de las elecciones.</p>
<p>¿Qué representa el voto en blanco en las encuestas de intención de voto? Este plato trata de responder esa pregunta, introduciendo unos problemas de las encuestas que nunca van a ver en los medios de comunicación, aunque al final queden más preguntas que respuestas.</p>
<hr></section><section id="retrospectiva-el-voto-en-blanco-en-las-elecciones-presidenciales-de-2018" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="retrospectiva-el-voto-en-blanco-en-las-elecciones-presidenciales-de-2018">Retrospectiva: El voto en blanco en las elecciones presidenciales de 2018</h2>
<p>Aunque las elecciones presidenciales de 2018 fueron inusuales con el voto en blanco, particularmente en la segunda vuelta por cuenta de la decisión de <a href="https://twitter.com/sergio_fajardo/status/1008064002025574400?lang=en">Sergio Fajardo de anunciar que iba a votar en blanco</a>, la ola que se formó durante esos meses refleja algo menos evidente.</p>
<p>La volatilidad y enorme distancia que hay entre lo que aparece en diferentes encuestas hace pensar que cada encuestadora está midiendo algo distinto cuando describen <em>voto en blanco</em> en sus fichas técnicas. Para entender mejor qué puede estar pasando, vale la pena repasar una idea importante que no se discute lo suficiente: <strong>los errores no muestrales de las encuestas</strong>.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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<span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">voto_blanco_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2018/master/Elecciones%202018/encuestas2018.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span>ns_nr<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ivan_duque</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">german_vargas_lleras</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">humberto_delacalle</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sergio_fajardo</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gustavo_petro</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, </span>
<span>                      names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>,</span>
<span>                      values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Standarize</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>blanco_std <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/sd.html">sd</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>int_voto_std <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/sd.html">sd</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>vuelta <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">27</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span>
<span>   <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Resultados</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#dplyr::bind_rows(tibble::tribble(~fecha,~ivan_duque,~gustavo_petro,~blanco,~encuestadora,</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#                         lubridate::as_date("2018-06-17"),54,42,4,"Resultado")) </span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">voto_blanco_2018_plot</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">voto_blanco_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                 text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Voto en blanco:'</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Muestra:'</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Encuestadora:'</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Fecha:'</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, </span>
<span>             position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"jitter"</span>,</span>
<span>             size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,</span>
<span>             color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"black"</span>,</span>
<span>             show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>   <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ivan_duque</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gustavo_petro</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-27"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39.34</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25.08</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1.7</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,</span>
<span>                           <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-06-17"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">54</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">42</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                                       <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                 text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Voto en blanco:'</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Resultado:'</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Fecha:'</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, </span>
<span>             <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#position = "jitter",</span></span>
<span>             size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>,</span>
<span>             color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"red"</span>,</span>
<span>             show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#ggplot2::geom_hline(yintercept = 338581/19336134, linetype="dashed", color="orangered2")+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#ggplot2::geom_hline(yintercept = 807924/19247062, linetype="dashed",color="forestgreen")+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Vueltas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_abline.html">geom_vline</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>xintercept <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-03-11"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-27"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                            <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-06-17"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"royalblue2"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#ggplot2::annotate("text",x=lubridate::as_date("2018-02-27"),y=29,label="Legislativas", angle=90,color="royalblue2")+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#ggplot2::annotate("text",x=lubridate::as_date("2018-05-16"),y=29,label="1 vuelta", angle=90,color="royalblue2")+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#ggplot2::annotate("text",x=lubridate::as_date("2018-06-10"),y=29,label="2 vuelta", angle=90,color="royalblue2")+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># LOESS</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_smooth.html">geom_smooth</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>method<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"loess"</span>,color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span>,size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,fill<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"grey10"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_manual.html">scale_shape_manual</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>values<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_date.html">scale_x_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>date_breaks <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"1 week"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/labs.html">labs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NULL</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"% voto en blanco reportado en cada encuesta"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggtheme.html">theme_classic</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>legend.position<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"none"</span>,</span>
<span>        legend.title <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_blank</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>        <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#panel.background = ggplot2::element_rect(),</span></span>
<span>        axis.text.x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_text</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>angle<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">90</span>, hjust<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plotly</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/plotly/man/ggplotly.html">ggplotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">voto_blanco_2018_plot</span>, tooltip <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"text"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-40e5450bfb4451f7453c" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-40e5450bfb4451f7453c">{"x":{"data":[{"x":[17568.847959849798,17569.056235980803,17568.608896968701,17569.302097909524,17568.792853505165,17599.637493173592,17600.335631504469,17599.786837361193,17600.070275812781,17600.119826894068,17648.892212070896,17648.661120241693,17648.82515964266,17648.910960378686,17649.121432276814],"y":[7.5357547258771955,7.517638443484902,7.5384298248775305,7.4711720935441557,7.505311681479216,8.2254449905268832,8.2124675629846742,8.2004063005745405,8.2153200768493111,8.1865463795885436,7.201253195200116,7.165999475624413,7.1824180608615285,7.1939289859868589,7.2309349130839111],"text":["Voto en blanco: 7.5 <br>Muestra: 1200 <br>Encuestadora: CELAG <br>Fecha: 2018-02-07","Voto en blanco: 7.5 <br>Muestra: 1200 <br>Encuestadora: CELAG <br>Fecha: 2018-02-07","Voto en blanco: 7.5 <br>Muestra: 1200 <br>Encuestadora: CELAG <br>Fecha: 2018-02-07","Voto en blanco: 7.5 <br>Muestra: 1200 <br>Encuestadora: CELAG 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voto en blanco reportado en cada encuesta","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[],"showlegend":false,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.8897637795275593,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"8c1c4de61e6d":{"x":{},"y":{},"shape":{},"text":{},"type":"scatter"},"8c1c1372a87":{"x":{},"y":{},"shape":{},"text":{}},"8c1c4510f8d":{"xintercept":{}},"8c1c757b1873":{"x":{},"y":{}}},"cur_data":"8c1c4de61e6d","visdat":{"8c1c4de61e6d":["function (y) ","x"],"8c1c1372a87":["function (y) ","x"],"8c1c4510f8d":["function (y) ","x"],"8c1c757b1873":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>El voto en blanco en las encuestas de 2018</p>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="errores-no-muestrales-más-allá-del-márgen-de-error" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="errores-no-muestrales-más-allá-del-márgen-de-error">Errores no muestrales –más allá del márgen de error</h2>
<p>Las encuestas pueden tener dos tipos de errores: 1) <em>errores muestrales</em>, que vienen de tomar una sola muestra y no examinar toda la población que se busca estudiar, y 2) <em>errores no muestrales</em>, que incluyen, además de otras pesadillas para los encuestadores, errores de medición y sesgos de participación y respuesta.<sup>1</sup></p>
<p>El voto en blanco que miden las encuestas puede estar recogiendo varios tipos de errores muestrales y no muestrales. Por el lado de los errores muestrales, es posible que las encuestas no lleguen a partes de la población con cierta inclinación ideológica y las muestras excluyan sistemáticamente, por ejemplo, municipios pequeños que se inclinan hacia un lado de la balanza. Por el lado de los errores no muestrales, las personas que responden <em>voto en blanco</em> pueden ser de dos tipos: los que responden eso por salir del paso o realmente no saben por quién votar (<em>“no sé, ponga que voto en blanco”</em>) o los que responden que van a votar en blanco a pesar de saben que van a votar por algún candidato pero prefieren no revelarlo. (<em>“sí sé, pero no le voy a decir, así que ponga voto en blanco”</em>). La historia es muy diferente si el voto en blanco recoge un tipo de error no muestral más que otro.</p>
<div class="cell">
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<table class="table" style="font-size: 13px; width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<caption style="font-size: initial !important;">
Algunos errores no muestrales
</caption>
<thead><tr>
<th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(25, 25, 25, 255) !important;">
tipo
</th>
<th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(25, 25, 25, 255) !important;">
descripcion
</th>
<th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(25, 25, 25, 255) !important;">
ejemplo
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Demarcación
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
La muestra no refleja la población objetivo
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;font-style: italic;">
La encuesta se llevó a cabo en Bogotá, Barranquilla y Cali
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Medición
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Cuando la encuesta misma afecta los resultados
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;font-style: italic;">
¿Piensa votar por el candidato de derecha en las próximas elecciones?
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
No respuesta
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Cuando los datos que no se ven están muy relacionados con la probabilidad de respuesta
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;font-style: italic;">
Cuando llaman al teléfono fijo de la casa a las 12 pm a hacer la encuesta y solo está la abuela para responderla
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Especificación
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Cuando hay variabilidad en la forma de entender una pregunta
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;font-style: italic;">
¿Está seguro de votar en las próximas elecciones? ¿Está seguro de estar seguro?
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Actitudes cambiantes
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Cuando una encuesta quiere medir intención de voto, la medida depende mucho del momento en que se pregunte.
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;font-style: italic;">
A 3 meses de las elecciones, cuando no se sabe quiénes serán los candidatos, ¿está seguro de saber por quién va a votar?
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Los que no se pueden regular: Errores no muestrales</p>
</div>
</div>
<section id="error-1-no-sé-ponga-que-voto-en-blanco" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="error-1-no-sé-ponga-que-voto-en-blanco">Error 1: <em>“No sé, ponga que voto en blanco”</em>
</h3>
<p>La indecisión puede venir de la gente que realmente no sabe por quién va a votar hasta que está alistándose para salir a votar, o toma la decisión en frente de la urna. No sé cuál sea la prevalencia de esa forma de tomar decisiones, pero seguro existe. Más aún, medir la distribución de los indecisos <em>después</em> de las elecciones es muy difícil porque el número de candidatos que resulta no vuelve a ser mismo; después de la primera vuelta nadie pregunta en las encuestas por quién se votó en la primera vuelta sino por quién va a votar en la segunda vuelta.</p>
<p>¿Cómo podrían medirse los indecisos? ¿Cómo podrían separarse de los que realmente votan en blanco o se abstienen? Una opción es que las encuestas midan la <strong>certeza declarada</strong> con que alguien va a votar, por ejemplo en una escala de 1 a 10, como hacen las encuestadoras en Francia, y utilizando mediciones repetidas pueden revelar la disminución del voto indeciso de cara a las elecciones condicionando en esa certeza.</p>
<p>Otra opción es ver qué pasa en diferentes escenarios donde los indecisos pueden ser pivotales en las elecciones. Un escenario, por ejemplo, es que los indecisos se distribuyan uniformemente entre los candidatos cuando llegan las elecciones, los que piensan votar en blanco efectivamente voten en blanco y nadie se abstiene de votar. Esto aplica el <em>principio de ignorancia</em>, que dice que cuando uno no sabe qué evento entre varios es más probable, lo menos grave que puede hacer es asumir que todos ocurren con la misma probabilidad. Así, uno podría imputarle la diferencia entre los indecisos y lo que históricamente ha sido el voto en blanco a todos los candidatos a la vez, ponderando por la intención de voto que ya tenga cada uno <sup>2</sup>. El riesgo es que, como cualquier premisa incorrecta, lo que resulte también estará mal: si los indecisos tienden a apoyar más a unos candidatos que otros, entonces la imputación va a empeorar el problema que busca solucionar, creando un nuevo sesgo al sumar apoyos a algunos candidatos que nunca los van a recibir.</p>
<p>La figura abajo muestra este efecto. La intención de voto para dos candidatos hipotéticos Fulano y Mengano es similar y se distribuye al momento de las elecciones entre votos efectivos para Fulano y Mengano, respectivamente, pero también una parte de cada candidato se va al voto en blanco. La masa de indecisos se distribuye en 60% entre el candidato Fulano, 20% candidato Mengano y el restante 20% al voto en blanco. En esta situación, conocer el tamaño de los indecisos antes de las elecciones no ayuda mucho a conocer cómo se va a distribuir su votación porque representa la incertidumbre que los mismos votantes enfrentan, y si un pronóstico imputa a los indecisos en iguales proporciones para cada candidato, o según su proporción reflejada en las encuestas, le va a ir muy mal.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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font-style: inherit;">"Error 1: Si los indecisos no se distribuyen uniformemente entre candidatos"</span>,</span>
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-55e1cf2a50ed8e8a0d22" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-55e1cf2a50ed8e8a0d22">{"x":{"visdat":{"8c1c79dd6635":["function () ","plotlyVisDat"]},"cur_data":"8c1c79dd6635","attrs":{"8c1c79dd6635":{"orientation":"h","node":{"label":["Elecciones","Fulano_Intencion","Fulano_Despues","Mengano_Intencion","Mengano_Despues","Indecisos","Blanco/No vota_Intencion","Blanco/No vota_Despues"],"color":["blue","red","red","green","green","yellow","white","white"],"pad":15,"thickness":20,"line":{"color":"black","width":0.5}},"link":{"source":[1,0,0,3,0,0,5,0,0,0],"target":[0,2,7,0,4,7,0,2,4,7],"value":[6,5,1,6,5,1,5,3,1,1]},"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"type":"sankey"}},"layout":{"margin":{"b":40,"l":60,"t":25,"r":10},"title":"Error 1: Si los indecisos no se distribuyen uniformemente entre candidatos","font":{"size":10},"hovermode":"closest","showlegend":false},"source":"A","config":{"modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"data":[{"orientation":"h","node":{"label":["Elecciones","Fulano_Intencion","Fulano_Despues","Mengano_Intencion","Mengano_Despues","Indecisos","Blanco/No vota_Intencion","Blanco/No vota_Despues"],"color":["blue","red","red","green","green","yellow","white","white"],"pad":15,"thickness":20,"line":{"color":"black","width":0.5}},"link":{"source":[1,0,0,3,0,0,5,0,0,0],"target":[0,2,7,0,4,7,0,2,4,7],"value":[6,5,1,6,5,1,5,3,1,1]},"type":"sankey","frame":null}],"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Error 1: Si los indecisos no se distribuyen uniformemente entre candidatos</p>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="error-2-si-sé-pero-no-le-voy-a-decir-así-que-ponga-voto-en-blanco" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="error-2-si-sé-pero-no-le-voy-a-decir-así-que-ponga-voto-en-blanco">Error 2: <em>“Si sé, pero no le voy a decir, así que ponga voto en blanco”</em>
</h3>
<p>Aquí se pone complicada la historia. Este sesgo de esconder la preferencia de voto, si existe algo así como un <a href="http://www.appstate.edu/~ardoinpj/research/Ask%20Me%20No%20Questions%20Ill%20tell%20you%20no%20lies.pdf"><em>Bradley effect</em></a>, hace aún más difícil escudriñar el voto en blanco. Además de indecisos, ese voto en blanco medido esconde intención de voto por uno o más candidatos, lo que distorsiona directamente las encuestas y solo se observa el día de las elecciones. Es un error no muestral que puede convertir a las encuestas en exageradores de tendencias que realmente no existen.</p>
<p>Las figuras abajo muestran un caso donde las personas que piensan votar por un candidato Mengano prefieren no revelar sus preferencias cuando son encuestadas, y las distorsiones que crean sobre lo que se ve en las encuestas –y lo que resulta en las elecciones. En este caso, la mayoría de los que piensan votar por Mengano le dicen a las encuestas que van a votar en blanco, y dado que los que van a votar por Fulano sí revelan su preferencia, se crea en las encuestas una ventaja artificial para el candidato Fulano sólo porque sus votantes sí revelan sus preferencias. Así, las encuestas reflejan no la intención de voto real sino la intención de voto revelada, y ambas pueden ser muy diferentes.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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<span>            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"Fulano_Intencion real"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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<span>            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>      target <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>      value <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/plotly/man/plot_ly.html">plot_ly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    type <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sankey"</span>,</span>
<span>    orientation <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"h"</span>,</span>
<span>    node <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">node_error_2</span>,</span>
<span>    link <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">link_error_21</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plotly</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">layout</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    title <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Error 2: Preferencias escondidas dentro del voto en blanco"</span>,</span>
<span>    font <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>      size <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-1b872422c5e7564dff81" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-1b872422c5e7564dff81">{"x":{"visdat":{"8c1c33f36db5":["function () ","plotlyVisDat"]},"cur_data":"8c1c33f36db5","attrs":{"8c1c33f36db5":{"orientation":"h","node":{"label":["Encuestas","Elecciones","Fulano_Intencion real","Fulano_Despues","Mengano_Intencion real","Mengano_Despues","Indecisos","Blanco/No vota Intencion","Blanco/No vota Despues"],"color":["purple","blue","red","red","green","green","yellow","white","white"],"pad":15,"thickness":20,"line":{"color":"black","width":0.5}},"link":{"source":[2,0,0,4,0,0,6,0,7,0],"target":[0,3,8,0,5,8,0,8,0,8],"value":[6,4,2,6,3,3,3,3,1,1]},"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"type":"sankey"}},"layout":{"margin":{"b":40,"l":60,"t":25,"r":10},"title":"Error 2: Preferencias escondidas dentro del voto en blanco","font":{"size":10},"hovermode":"closest","showlegend":false},"source":"A","config":{"modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"data":[{"orientation":"h","node":{"label":["Encuestas","Elecciones","Fulano_Intencion real","Fulano_Despues","Mengano_Intencion real","Mengano_Despues","Indecisos","Blanco/No vota Intencion","Blanco/No vota Despues"],"color":["purple","blue","red","red","green","green","yellow","white","white"],"pad":15,"thickness":20,"line":{"color":"black","width":0.5}},"link":{"source":[2,0,0,4,0,0,6,0,7,0],"target":[0,3,8,0,5,8,0,8,0,8],"value":[6,4,2,6,3,3,3,3,1,1]},"type":"sankey","frame":null}],"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Error 2: Preferencias escondidas dentro del voto en blanco y encuestas</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>Cuando llegan las elecciones, sorpresa: las encuestas estaban reportando un sesgo no muestral brutal que favorecía al candidato Fulano, pero en las urnas las preferencias reales por el candidato Mengano se materializan y gana ese candidato gracias a que los indecisos optaron por Mengano. En este escenario, si las encuestas tienen este tipo de error no muestral, van a inflar al candidato que va a perder y desprestigiarse fuertemente en el camino a las elecciones.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb5" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://plotly-r.com">plotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">node_error_2</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  label <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Elecciones"</span>,</span>
<span>            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fulano_Intencion real"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fulano_Despues"</span>,</span>
<span>            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Mengano_Intencion real"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Mengano_Despues"</span>,</span>
<span>            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Indecisos"</span>,</span>
<span>            <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Blanco/No vota Intencion"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Blanco/No vota Despues"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"purple"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blue"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"red"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"red"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"green"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"green"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"yellow"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>     pad <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,</span>
<span>      thickness <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span>,</span>
<span>      line <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>        color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"black"</span>,</span>
<span>        width <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">link_error_21</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>      source <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>      target <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>      value <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">link_error_22</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-6affa42968fdf8108776" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-6affa42968fdf8108776">{"x":{"visdat":{"8c1c50b16d26":["function () ","plotlyVisDat"]},"cur_data":"8c1c50b16d26","attrs":{"8c1c50b16d26":{"orientation":"h","node":{"label":["Encuestas","Elecciones","Fulano_Intencion real","Fulano_Despues","Mengano_Intencion real","Mengano_Despues","Indecisos","Blanco/No vota Intencion","Blanco/No vota Despues"],"color":["purple","blue","red","red","green","green","yellow","white","white"],"pad":15,"thickness":20,"line":{"color":"black","width":0.5}},"link":{"source":[2,1,1,4,1,1,6,1,1,1,7,1],"target":[1,3,8,1,5,8,1,3,5,8,1,8],"value":[6,5,1,6,4,2,3,0,2,1,1,1]},"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"type":"sankey"}},"layout":{"margin":{"b":40,"l":60,"t":25,"r":10},"title":"Error 2: Preferencias escondidas dentro del voto en blanco","font":{"size":10},"hovermode":"closest","showlegend":false},"source":"A","config":{"modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"data":[{"orientation":"h","node":{"label":["Encuestas","Elecciones","Fulano_Intencion real","Fulano_Despues","Mengano_Intencion real","Mengano_Despues","Indecisos","Blanco/No vota Intencion","Blanco/No vota Despues"],"color":["purple","blue","red","red","green","green","yellow","white","white"],"pad":15,"thickness":20,"line":{"color":"black","width":0.5}},"link":{"source":[2,1,1,4,1,1,6,1,1,1,7,1],"target":[1,3,8,1,5,8,1,3,5,8,1,8],"value":[6,5,1,6,4,2,3,0,2,1,1,1]},"type":"sankey","frame":null}],"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Error 2: Preferencias escondidas dentro del voto en blanco y elecciones</p>
</div>
</div>
</section></section><section id="conclusión-cómo-medimos-mejor-a-los-indecisos-antes-y-después-de-las-elecciones" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="conclusión-cómo-medimos-mejor-a-los-indecisos-antes-y-después-de-las-elecciones">Conclusión: ¿Cómo medimos mejor a los indecisos antes y después de las elecciones?</h2>
<p>Esta receta resultó mucho más insípida de lo que esperaba. La realidad de la indecisión, y la manera como se refleja con tanta variabilidad en las encuestas pero nunca se observa bien, no permite dar muchas respuestas. Deja, más bien, algunas hipótesis sobre la mesa.</p>
<p>¿Qué representa el voto en blanco en las encuestas? ¿Son indecisos los que aparecen dentro del voto en blanco o algo más está pasando? ¿Hay efectos Bradley en Colombia, donde algunos prefieren no decirle a las encuestas lo que realmente piensan hacer? Existen muchas maneras de que la información que reflejan las encuestas sea diferente a lo que se materializa en las urnas. En algunos casos puede haber errores muestrales que pasan por azar, o por fallas en la recolección de datos por parte de las encuestadoras. En otros casos se pueden presentar errores no muestrales frente a los cuales las encuestas tienen pocas defensas. Tal vez la única defensa es que haya muchas encuestas, hechas de manera diferente por varios encuestadores, y que los errores de cada uno sean diferentes. Las encuestadoras podrían ayudar haciendo preguntas retrospectivas y midiendo la certeza del voto de cada persona que responde.</p>
<p>Lo importante es que las desviaciones entre las encuestas y los resultados no deben verse automáticamente como mala fe, fraude estadístico, incompetencia o evidencia de que se cocinan los resultados para que favorezcan a A o B. Los errores muestrales y, más importante, los errores no muestrales, pueden estar ahí enlodando todo lo que vemos.</p>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section id="footnotes" class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Notas</h2>
<ol>
<li id="fn1"><p>Hay más tipos de errores no muestrales, así que abajo va una lista corta y para los más entusiastas se recomienda leer <a href="https://www.routledge.com/Sampling-Design-and-Analysis/Lohr/p/book/9780367279509">Lohr (2021)</a> y <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.2018.1448823">Shirani-Mehr et al (2018)</a>↩︎</p></li>
<li id="fn2"><p>Algo similar hizo <a href="https://elpais.com/internacional/2022-04-06/petro-domina-en-las-encuestas-seguido-por-un-fico-gutierrez-al-alza.html">@JorgeGalindo del El País</a>↩︎</p></li>
</ol></section><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2022,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🏳️️️¿Con qué se come la indecisión y el voto en blanco?},
  date = {2022-04-14},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-14-voto-blanco/2022-voto-blanco.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2022" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2022. <span>“🏳️️️¿Con qué se come la indecisión y el
voto en blanco?”</span> April 14. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-14-voto-blanco/2022-voto-blanco.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-14-voto-blanco/2022-voto-blanco.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>voto en blanco</category>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-14-voto-blanco/2022-voto-blanco.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 2022 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-04-14-voto-blanco/voto-blanco.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="93" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🗳️ Calentando el horno, las consultas</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-14-consultas/2022-consultas.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“Prejudice is a great time saver. You can form opinions without having to get the facts.”</em> <br> – E. B. White</p>
</blockquote>
<section id="aciertos-y-desaciertos" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="aciertos-y-desaciertos">Aciertos y desaciertos</h2>
<p>Las encuestas tuvieron una buena jornada ayer. <a href="https://twitter.com/Invamer">Invamer</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/CNCSocial">CNCSocial</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/cifrasyconcepto">Cifras y Conceptos</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/GuarumoEncuesta">Guarumo</a> y <a href="https://twitter.com/AtlasIntel_es">AtlasIntel</a> capturaron juntas el orden de todas consultas. Los mayores aciertos fueron el Pacto Histórico y los mayores desaciertos fueron sobreestimar al ganador de la Coalición Centro Esperanza y subestimar a ganador de la Coalición Equipo por Colombia.</p>
<p>Veamos cada una de las consultas por separado.</p>
<hr>
<section id="pacto-histórico" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="pacto-histórico">🟨 Pacto Histórico</h3>
<p>Todas las encuestas acertaron en precisión de proporción de votos y orden de los candidatos. Dado que era la consulta con las más amplias diferencias entre los candidatos, era de esperarse que una muestra bien tomada, incluso pequeña, detectara esas diferencias.</p>
<div class="cell">
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_detect.html">str_detect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"alosa"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Penalosa"</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Filtrar consulta</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consulta</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/match.html">%in%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Pacto Historico"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Margenes de error</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>int_voto_max <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">margen_error</span>,</span>
<span>                int_voto_min <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">margen_error</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Plot</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/reorder.factor.html">reorder</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/desc.html">desc</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">votos</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                 text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Candidato: '</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Intencion de voto/% votacion:'</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"%"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Votos:'</span>, <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/formatc.html">prettyNum</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">votos</span>, big.mark <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">" "</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Encuestadora/Resultado:'</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/coord_flip.html">coord_flip</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>legend.position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"bottom"</span>,</span>
<span>        legend.title <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_blank</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>        legend.key<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_blank</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>        panel.background <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_rect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fill<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span>,color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>        strip.background <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_rect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fill<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span>,color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/labs.html">labs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">""</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"\n% votos"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_manual.html">scale_shape_manual</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>values<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span> <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_manual.html">scale_color_manual</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>values<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gold2"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gold2"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gold2"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gold2"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#ff4800"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># ggplotly ####</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plotly</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/plotly/man/ggplotly.html">ggplotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consultas_pacto</span>, tooltip <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"text"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-df2bf19383d7beb67d76" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-df2bf19383d7beb67d76">{"x":{"data":[{"x":[87.700000000000003,6.2999999999999998,4,1.8999999999999999,0.10000000000000001],"y":[5,4,3,2,1],"text":["Candidato:  Gustavo Petro <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 87.7 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: AtlasIntel","Candidato:  Francia Marquez <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 6.3 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: AtlasIntel","Candidato:  Camilo Romero <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 4 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: AtlasIntel","Candidato:  Arelis Uriana <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 1.9 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: AtlasIntel","Candidato:  Alfredo Saade <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 0.1 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: 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<br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Guarumo"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(238,201,0,1)","opacity":1,"size":18.897637795275593,"symbol":"circle","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(238,201,0,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"Guarumo","legendgroup":"Guarumo","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[78.599999999999994,13.5,5.9000000000000004,1.7,0.29999999999999999],"y":[5,4,3,2,1],"text":["Candidato:  Gustavo Petro <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 78.6 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Invamer","Candidato:  Francia Marquez <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 13.5 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Invamer","Candidato:  Camilo Romero <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 5.9 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Invamer","Candidato:  Arelis Uriana <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 1.7 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Invamer","Candidato:  Alfredo Saade <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 0.3 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Invamer"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(238,201,0,1)","opacity":1,"size":18.897637795275593,"symbol":"triangle-up","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(238,201,0,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"Invamer","legendgroup":"Invamer","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[80.510000000000005,14.039999999999999,4.0700000000000003,0.96999999999999997,0.38],"y":[5,4,3,2,1],"text":["Candidato:  Gustavo Petro <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 80.51 % <br>Votos: 4 446 970 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado","Candidato:  Francia Marquez <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 14.04 % <br>Votos: 775 732 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado","Candidato:  Camilo Romero <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 4.07 % <br>Votos: 225 224 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado","Candidato:  Arelis Uriana <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 0.97 % <br>Votos: 53 843 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado","Candidato:  Alfredo Saade <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 0.38 % <br>Votos: 21 374 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(255,72,0,1)","opacity":1,"size":18.897637795275593,"symbol":"circle-cross-open","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(255,72,0,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"Resultado","legendgroup":"Resultado","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null}],"layout":{"margin":{"t":23.305936073059364,"r":7.3059360730593621,"b":37.260273972602747,"l":98.630136986301395},"plot_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","paper_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[-4.2800000000000011,92.079999999999998],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["0","25","50","75"],"tickvals":[0,24.999999999999996,50,75],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["0","25","50","75"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176002,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"y","title":{"text":"<br />% votos","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[0.40000000000000002,5.5999999999999996],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["Alfredo Saade","Arelis Uriana","Camilo Romero","Francia Marquez","Gustavo Petro"],"tickvals":[1,2,3,4,5],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["Alfredo Saade","Arelis Uriana","Camilo Romero","Francia Marquez","Gustavo Petro"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176002,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":{"text":"","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[],"showlegend":true,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.8897637795275593,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"orientation":"h","x":0.5,"y":-0.14999999999999999,"xanchor":"center","yanchor":"top","title":{"text":"","font":{"color":null,"family":null,"size":0}}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"85fc43797d31":{"x":{},"y":{},"shape":{},"colour":{},"text":{},"type":"scatter"}},"cur_data":"85fc43797d31","visdat":{"85fc43797d31":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Consulta Pacto Historico</p>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="centro-esperanza" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="centro-esperanza">🟩 Centro Esperanza</h3>
<p>Las encuestas sobrestimaron a Sergio Fajardo y a Alejandro Gaviria, y subestimaron a Carlos Amaya. Acertaron en la votación de Juan Manuel Galan y Jorge Enrique Robledo.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Paquetes ####</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://plotly-r.com">plotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consultas_centro</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_delim</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/consultas.csv"</span>, delim <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">","</span> , locale <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/locale.html">locale</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>encoding <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"UTF-8"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Adjust date</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fecha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Resultados consultas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/bind_rows.html">bind_rows</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consultas_resultados</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_detect.html">str_detect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"alosa"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Penalosa"</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Filtrar consulta</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consulta</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/match.html">%in%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Centro Esperanza"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Margenes de error</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>int_voto_max <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">margen_error</span>,</span>
<span>                int_voto_min <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"\n% votos"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">16</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_manual.html">scale_color_manual</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span>values<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"forestgreen"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"forestgreen"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"forestgreen"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"forestgreen"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#ff4800"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># ggplotly ####</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plotly</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/plotly/man/ggplotly.html">ggplotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consultas_centro</span>, tooltip <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"text"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-8a238deeb63b7701a7e4" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
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Jorge Enrique Robledo <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 10.5 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Invamer"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(34,139,34,1)","opacity":1,"size":18.897637795275593,"symbol":"triangle-up","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(34,139,34,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"Invamer","legendgroup":"Invamer","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[33.43,22.539999999999999,15.57,20.969999999999999,7.46],"y":[5,4,2,3,1],"text":["Candidato:  Sergio Fajardo <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 33.43 % <br>Votos: 717 694 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado","Candidato:  Juan Manuel Galan <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 22.54 % <br>Votos: 483 977 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado","Candidato:  Alejandro Gaviria <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 15.57 % <br>Votos: 334 318 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado","Candidato:  Carlos Amaya <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 20.97 % <br>Votos: 450 286 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado","Candidato:  Jorge Enrique Robledo <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 7.46 % <br>Votos: 160 159 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(255,72,0,1)","opacity":1,"size":18.897637795275593,"symbol":"circle-cross-open","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(255,72,0,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"Resultado","legendgroup":"Resultado","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null}],"layout":{"margin":{"t":23.305936073059364,"r":7.3059360730593621,"b":37.260273972602747,"l":133.69863013698634},"plot_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","paper_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[3.2949999999999999,51.805],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["10","20","30","40","50"],"tickvals":[10,20,30,40,50],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["10","20","30","40","50"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176002,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"y","title":{"text":"<br />% votos","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[0.40000000000000002,5.5999999999999996],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["Jorge Enrique Robledo","Alejandro Gaviria","Carlos Amaya","Juan Manuel Galan","Sergio Fajardo"],"tickvals":[1,2,3,4,5],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["Jorge Enrique Robledo","Alejandro Gaviria","Carlos Amaya","Juan Manuel Galan","Sergio Fajardo"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176002,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":{"text":"","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[],"showlegend":true,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.8897637795275593,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"orientation":"h","x":0.5,"y":-0.14999999999999999,"xanchor":"center","yanchor":"top","title":{"text":"","font":{"color":null,"family":null,"size":0}}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"85fc3f6fa05":{"x":{},"y":{},"shape":{},"colour":{},"text":{},"type":"scatter"}},"cur_data":"85fc3f6fa05","visdat":{"85fc3f6fa05":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Consulta Centro Esperanza</p>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="equipo-por-colombia" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="equipo-por-colombia">🟦 Equipo por Colombia</h3>
<p>Las encuestas estuvieron muy lejos de detectar el resultado de esta consulta. Antes del 13 de marzo, 3 candidatos estaban disputándose el primer lugar, pero Federico Gutierrez superó por un amplio márgen a Alex Char y a David Barguil.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Paquetes ####</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://plotly-r.com">plotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consultas_equipo</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_delim</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/consultas.csv"</span>, delim <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">","</span> , locale <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/locale.html">locale</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>encoding <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"UTF-8"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Adjust date</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fecha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Resultados consultas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/bind_rows.html">bind_rows</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consultas_resultados</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">stringr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_detect.html">str_detect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"alosa"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Penalosa"</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Filtrar consulta</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">consulta</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/match.html">%in%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Equipo por Colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Margenes de error</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>int_voto_max <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">margen_error</span>,</span>
<span>                int_voto_min <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">margen_error</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Order </span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,levels<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">"#2578B6"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># ggplotly ####</span></span>
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font-style: inherit;">plotly</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/plotly/man/ggplotly.html">ggplotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">consultas_equipo</span>, tooltip <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"text"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-31b4f9b1ab6ac5d268fc" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
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<br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 5 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: CNC"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"transparent","opacity":1,"size":18.897637795275593,"symbol":"circle","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(37,120,182,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"CNC","legendgroup":"CNC","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[33.399999999999999,29.199999999999999,21.399999999999999,11.800000000000001,4.2000000000000002],"y":[5,4,3,1,2],"text":["Candidato:  Federico Gutierrez <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 33.4 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Guarumo","Candidato:  Alex Char <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 29.2 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Guarumo","Candidato:  David Barguil <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 21.4 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Guarumo","Candidato:  Enrique Penalosa <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 11.8 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Guarumo","Candidato:  Aydee Lizarazo <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 4.2 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Guarumo"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(37,120,182,1)","opacity":1,"size":18.897637795275593,"symbol":"circle","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(37,120,182,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"Guarumo","legendgroup":"Guarumo","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[28.899999999999999,24.699999999999999,15.5,18.699999999999999,12.300000000000001],"y":[5,4,3,1,2],"text":["Candidato:  Federico Gutierrez <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 28.9 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Invamer","Candidato:  Alex Char <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 24.7 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Invamer","Candidato:  David Barguil <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 15.5 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Invamer","Candidato:  Enrique Penalosa <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 18.7 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Invamer","Candidato:  Aydee Lizarazo <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 12.3 % <br>Votos: NA <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Invamer"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(37,120,182,1)","opacity":1,"size":18.897637795275593,"symbol":"triangle-up","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(37,120,182,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"Invamer","legendgroup":"Invamer","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[54.170000000000002,17.73,15.76,5.8200000000000003,6.5099999999999998],"y":[5,4,3,1,2],"text":["Candidato:  Federico Gutierrez <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 54.17 % <br>Votos: 2 139 927 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado","Candidato:  Alex Char <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 17.73 % <br>Votos: 700 557 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado","Candidato:  David Barguil <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 15.76 % <br>Votos: 622 724 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado","Candidato:  Enrique Penalosa <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 5.82 % <br>Votos: 229 970 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado","Candidato:  Aydee Lizarazo <br>Intencion de voto/% votacion: 6.51 % <br>Votos: 257 191 <br>Encuestadora/Resultado: Resultado"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(255,72,0,1)","opacity":1,"size":18.897637795275593,"symbol":"circle-cross-open","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(255,72,0,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"Resultado","legendgroup":"Resultado","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null}],"layout":{"margin":{"t":23.305936073059364,"r":7.3059360730593621,"b":37.260273972602747,"l":116.16438356164386},"plot_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","paper_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[-0.60850000000000026,56.778500000000001],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["0","10","20","30","40","50"],"tickvals":[0,10,20,30.000000000000004,40,50],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["0","10","20","30","40","50"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176002,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"y","title":{"text":"<br />% votos","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[0.40000000000000002,5.5999999999999996],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["Enrique Penalosa","Aydee Lizarazo","David Barguil","Alex Char","Federico Gutierrez"],"tickvals":[1,2,3,4,5],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["Enrique Penalosa","Aydee Lizarazo","David Barguil","Alex Char","Federico Gutierrez"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176002,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":{"text":"","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[],"showlegend":true,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.8897637795275593,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"orientation":"h","x":0.5,"y":-0.14999999999999999,"xanchor":"center","yanchor":"top","title":{"text":"","font":{"color":null,"family":null,"size":0}}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"85fc261218ab":{"x":{},"y":{},"shape":{},"colour":{},"text":{},"type":"scatter"}},"cur_data":"85fc261218ab","visdat":{"85fc261218ab":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Consulta Equipo por Colombia</p>
</div>
</div>


</section></section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2022,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🗳️ Calentando el horno, las consultas},
  date = {2022-03-14},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-14-consultas/2022-consultas.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2022" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2022. <span>“🗳️ Calentando el horno, las
consultas.”</span> March 14. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-14-consultas/2022-consultas.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-14-consultas/2022-consultas.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>elecciones</category>
  <category>consultas</category>
  <category>encuestadoras</category>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-14-consultas/2022-consultas.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sun, 13 Mar 2022 23:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-14-consultas/consultas.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="95" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🥇 Recetario abierto, un concurso predictivo</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-18-concurso/2022-concurso.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“As powerful as single models can be, a collection of models accomplishes even more.”</em><br> – <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/39088592-the-model-thinker">Scott E. Page</a></p>
</blockquote>
<section id="más-recetas-más-cocineros" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="más-recetas-más-cocineros">Más recetas, más cocineros</h2>
<p>Todos tenemos un modelo en la cabeza de lo que pasa durante unas elecciones –una representación de lo que vemos, de lo que creemos que ocurre y lo que creemos que ocurrirá.</p>
<p>Algunos modelos vienen en forma de especulaciones redactadas en columnas de opinión. Otros vienen de combinar chismes y la información de pasillos, reales o virtuales, sobre las campañas y sus candidatos. Así no sea una <a href="https://twitter.com/search?q=%23recetaselectorales&amp;src=hashtag_click"><strong>#recetaselectorales</strong></a> preparada con datos y modelos estadísticos, hay modelos electorales por todas partes.</p>
<p>Esta receta es una invitación abierta a hacer parte de un <strong>recetario electoral</strong> más completo, diverso y transparente. La idea es combinar múltiples perspectivas con el ánimo de que corrijan mútuamente sus limitaciones, y así entender mejor la carrera electoral. Es una forma de preparar más y mejores recetas electorales, involucrar más cocineros, y que cada receta se cocine de forma clara, transparente y evaluable. Sin salsas secretas.</p>
<p>Las mejores recetas se llevan un premio. Como es más difícil pronosticar la primera vuelta, el premio es mayor. Las recetas que se vayan recibiendo serán publicadas en una tabla en esta página.</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-tip no-icon callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon no-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Tip</span><strong>Premios: </strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>🥇 Ganador 1<sup>era</sup> vuelta: <a href="https://twitter.com/lasillavacia">La Silla Vacia</a>. Un bono de <strong>USD 50</strong> de Amazon</p>
<p>🥇 Ganador 2<sup>da</sup> vuelta: <a href="https://twitter.com/PoliticaConDato"><span class="citation" data-cites="PolicitaConDato">@PolicitaConDato</span></a>. Un bono de <strong>USD 40</strong> de Amazon</p>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="oro-plata-y-bronce-electoral" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="oro-plata-y-bronce-electoral">🏆 Oro, plata y bronce electoral</h2>
<p>El podio de recetas abiertas quedó así:</p>
<div class="tabset-margin-container"></div><div class="panel-tabset">
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" id="tabset-1-1-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-1" aria-controls="tabset-1-1" aria-selected="true" href="">Primera vuelta</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="tabset-1-2-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-2" aria-controls="tabset-1-2" aria-selected="false" href="">Segunda vuelta</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="tab-content">
<div id="tabset-1-1" class="tab-pane active" aria-labelledby="tabset-1-1-tab">
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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font-style: inherit;">"@ColombiaRisk"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El Pais"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@calc_electoral"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"plato"</span>,values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pronostico"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Evaluacion</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>evaluacion <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/MathFun.html">abs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">Resultado</span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarize</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>score <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html">sum</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">evaluacion</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html">arrange</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">score</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">knitr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/knitr/man/kable.html">kable</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"html"</span>, </span>
<span>        digits<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,</span>
<span>        caption <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Evaluacion de pronósticos para la primera vuelta de 2022:"</span>,</span>
<span>        col.names <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fuente"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Score Pronóstico"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/kable_styling.html">kable_styling</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>full_width <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">F</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/row_spec.html">row_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#FF4900"</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Gold</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/row_spec.html">row_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, italic <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#EEC900"</span>,color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"black"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Silver</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/row_spec.html">row_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, italic <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#B3B3B3"</span>,color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"black"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Bronce</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/row_spec.html">row_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, italic <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#CD651B"</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"black"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/footnote.html">footnote</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>general <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Score: Distancia absoluta promedio"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fuente: www.recetas-electorales.com"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<table class="table" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;border-bottom: 0;">
<caption>
Evaluacion de pronósticos para la primera vuelta de 2022:
</caption>
<thead><tr>
<th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Fuente
</th>
<th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Score Pronóstico
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(238, 201, 0, 255) !important;">
Encuestas
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(238, 201, 0, 255) !important;">
10.0
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(179, 179, 179, 255) !important;">
La Silla Vacia
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(179, 179, 179, 255) !important;">
10.9
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(205, 101, 27, 255) !important;">
<span class="citation" data-cites="calc_electoral">@calc_electoral</span>
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(205, 101, 27, 255) !important;">
11.6
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<span class="citation" data-cites="JorgeGalindo">@JorgeGalindo</span> El Pais
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
15.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<span class="citation" data-cites="PoliticaConDato">@PoliticaConDato</span>
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
20.0
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Ajiaco
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
21.9
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<span class="citation" data-cites="ColombiaRisk">@ColombiaRisk</span>
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
28.0
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Mixto 2022
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
28.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Simple 2022
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
29.3
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Note: </span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup></sup> Score: Distancia absoluta promedio
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup></sup> Fuente: www.recetas-electorales.com
</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
<p>Recetas abiertas: Evaluación usando distancias absolutas 1era vuelta</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="tabset-1-2" class="tab-pane" aria-labelledby="tabset-1-2-tab">
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="http://haozhu233.github.io/kableExtra/">kableExtra</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">RColorBrewer</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Encuestas 2022 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2022</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 0. Resultado 2da vuelta ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_2da_vuelta_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50.44</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47.31</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 1. Base: promedio de las encuestas ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2da_vuelta_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Filter despues de consultas </span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-29"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Seleccionar candidatos que encabezan las encuestas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">otros</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Pivotear los datos</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blanco"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"otros"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                      names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Promedios</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>pronostico <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   high <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">max</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   low <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Extremes.html">min</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blanco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"otros"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Otros candidatos"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>                <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 4. El País ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">elpais_2da_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JorgeGalindo/co-elect-2022/main/promedio_evol_2av.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/slice.html">slice_tail</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>n<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gustavo_petro</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rodolfo_hernandez</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/everything.html">everything</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>,values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pronostico"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El Pais"</span>,</span>
<span>                nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span></span>
<span>                                    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>                <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 5. La Silla Vacia ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lsv_2022_2da</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47.2</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">46.5</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 6. PoliticaConDato ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">politicacondato_2da_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">48.3</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">54.1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">44.8</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47.3</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50.7</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">41.4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@PoliticaConDato"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 8. Calculo Electoral ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calculo_electoral_2da_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">48</span>,<span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span>,<span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47.3</span>,<span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span>,<span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NA</span></span>
<span>                     <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@calc_electoral"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 9 Sergio Calvo</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sergio_calvo_2da_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">48.19</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50.83</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">44.36</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47.69</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">53.98</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">40.24</span></span>
<span>                     <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@Scalvo25"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Preparar cafe 2da vuelta ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">concurso2022_2da_vuelta</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/bind_rows.html">bind_rows</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_2da_vuelta_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2da_vuelta_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">elpais_2da_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lsv_2022_2da</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">politicacondato_2da_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sergio_calvo_2da_2022</span>,</span>
<span>                             <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">calculo_electoral_2da_2022</span></span>
<span>                             <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">high</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">low</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>, levels<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                plato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,levels <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El Pais"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@PoliticaConDato"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@calc_electoral"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@Scalvo25"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Concurso 2022 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">concurso2022_2da_vuelta</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_wider.html">pivot_wider</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>names_from <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"plato"</span>, values_from <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pronostico"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@JorgeGalindo El Pais"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"La Silla Vacia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@PoliticaConDato"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@calc_electoral"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"@Scalvo25"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Encuestas"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"plato"</span>,values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pronostico"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Evaluacion</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>evaluacion <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/MathFun.html">abs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">Resultado</span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarize</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>score <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html">sum</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">evaluacion</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html">arrange</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">score</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">knitr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/knitr/man/kable.html">kable</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"html"</span>, </span>
<span>        digits<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,</span>
<span>        caption <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Evaluacion de pronósticos para la segunda vuelta de 2022:"</span>,</span>
<span>        col.names <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fuente"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Score Pronóstico"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/kable_styling.html">kable_styling</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>full_width <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">F</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/row_spec.html">row_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#FF4900"</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Gold</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/row_spec.html">row_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, italic <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#EEC900"</span>,color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"black"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Silver</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/row_spec.html">row_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, italic <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#B3B3B3"</span>,color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"black"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Bronce</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/row_spec.html">row_spec</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, italic <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#CD651B"</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"black"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">kableExtra</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/footnote.html">footnote</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>general <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Score: Distancia absoluta promedio"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fuente: www.recetas-electorales.com"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<table class="table" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;border-bottom: 0;">
<caption>
Evaluacion de pronósticos para la segunda vuelta de 2022:
</caption>
<thead><tr>
<th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Fuente
</th>
<th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">
Score Pronóstico
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(238, 201, 0, 255) !important;">
<span class="citation" data-cites="PoliticaConDato">@PoliticaConDato</span>
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(238, 201, 0, 255) !important;">
2.2
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(179, 179, 179, 255) !important;">
<span class="citation" data-cites="calc_electoral">@calc_electoral</span>
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(179, 179, 179, 255) !important;">
2.5
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(205, 101, 27, 255) !important;">
<span class="citation" data-cites="Scalvo25">@Scalvo25</span>
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;font-style: italic;color: black !important;background-color: rgba(205, 101, 27, 255) !important;">
2.6
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<span class="citation" data-cites="JorgeGalindo">@JorgeGalindo</span> El Pais
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
3.6
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
La Silla Vacia
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
4.0
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Encuestas
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
6.2
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Note: </span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup></sup> Score: Distancia absoluta promedio
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup></sup> Fuente: www.recetas-electorales.com
</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
<p>Recetas abiertas: Evaluación usando distancias absolutas 2da vuelta</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr></section><section id="qué-tengo-que-hacer-para-participar" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="qué-tengo-que-hacer-para-participar">¿Qué tengo que hacer para participar?</h2>
<p>Para participar solo hay que enviar una receta a <a href="mailto:%20recetas.electorales@gmail.com">recetas.electorales@gmail.com</a> <strong>antes del 22 de Mayo de 2022</strong> para la primera vuelta y <strong>antes del 18 de Junio de 2022</strong> para la segunda. <u><em>Recetas recibidas después cada jornada electoral no cuentan, son descalificadas</em></u>.</p>
<p>Como las recetas electorales, cada plato debe tener 4 componentes mínimos:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>👨‍🍳 <u><strong><em>Cocinero y Nombre de la receta</em></strong></u>: Identidad del que preparó el plato, que puede ser personal o institucional, un nombre para el plato y autorización para publicar en las <strong>Recetas Electorales</strong> los Ingredientes, Cocina y Plato.</li>
<li>🍚 <u><strong><em>Ingredientes - Datos</em></strong></u>: Todos los datos que usa el modelo deben estar referenciados y deben hacerse públicamente disponibles. Lo mejor es que el modelo tenga un repositorio con todos los datos que utiliza, por ejemplo en GitHub. No hay restriciones sobre los datos que se utilicen mientras se puedan verificar y referenciar.</li>
<li>🍳 <u><strong><em>Cocina - Cálculos y Modelos</em></strong></u>: Cualquier cálculo o modelo estadístico debe incluir el código para estimarlo, evaluarlo, y calcular los pronósticos que resulten. Adicionalmente debe incluir cualquier transformación de los datos (limpieza, wrangling, etc.). Todas las técnicas, desde las más sencillas hasta las más complejas, son aceptadas siempre y cuando sean reproducibles. El código debe ser replicable y puede enviarse en múltiples lenguajes de programación (R, Python, Julia, Stan, etc.)</li>
<li>🍲 <u><strong><em>Plato - Resultados</em></strong></u>: Cada modelo debe resultar en un pronóstico numérico de la votación o proporción de votos que cada candidato obtendrá. Se deben hacer pronósticos sobre todos los candidatos, no solo unos cuantos. Los intervalos de confianza/credibilidad son opcionales, según los vea necesarios cada cocinero.</li>
</ol></section><section id="el-ganador" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="el-ganador">El ganador</h2>
<p>La receta ganadora se determinará por la <strong>precisión del pronóstico</strong>: El ganador será el modelo con la menor suma del valor absoluto para todos los <em>N</em> candidatos, ponderados por igual, determinada así:</p>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%0APuntaje%20=%20%5Csum_%7Bcandidato=i%7D%5E%7BN%7D%20%5Cfrac%7B%7CVotaci%C3%B3n_%7Bi%7D%20-%20Pron%C3%B3stico_%7Bi%7D%7C%7D%7BN%7D%0A"></p>
<p>Si se pronostican proporciones, los votos se miden con respecto al total de votos válidos: votos totales menos votos nulos.</p>
</section><section id="ejemplo-un-promedio-simple-de-las-encuestas-disponibles" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ejemplo-un-promedio-simple-de-las-encuestas-disponibles">Ejemplo: Un promedio simple de las encuestas disponibles</h2>
<section id="ingredientes---datos" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ingredientes---datos"><strong>Ingredientes - Datos</strong></h3>
<p>Esta receta usa los datos en el repositorio de GitHub, asi que este paso es solo una linea.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Paquetes ####</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># URL GitHub ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ejemplo_url</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Acceder datos ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ejemplo_datos</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ejemplo_url</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
</section><section id="cocina-modelos-y-plato-resultados" class="level3 unnumbered"><h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="cocina-modelos-y-plato-resultados">
<strong>Cocina (Modelos) y Plato (Resultados)</strong>:</h3>
<p>Para calcular los promedios para cada candidato se usa el siguiente código y el resultado se resume en una tabla. Dado que es un promedio simple, no incluye intervalos, así que se registra <strong>No disponible (ND)</strong> para cada candidato:</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="http://haozhu233.github.io/kableExtra/">kableExtra</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ejemplo_datos</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Seleccionar candidatos que encabezan las encuestas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,merror<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">margen_error</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tasa_respuesta</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ns_nr</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Pivotear los datos</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                      names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Crear algunas variables</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"alejandro_gaviria"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alejandro Gaviria"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"juan_m_galan"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Juan Manuel Galan"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"alex_char"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alex Char"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"david_barguil"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"David Barguil"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"enrique_penalosa"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Peñalosa"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"oscar_i_zuluaga"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Oscar I. Zuluaga"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,</span>
<span>        caption <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Pronostico: % votos por candidato (Basado en encuestas N=3)"</span>,</span>
<span>        col.names <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Candidato"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Pronostico"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Intevalo"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,bold<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, background <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#FF4900"</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/footnote.html">footnote</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>number <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Cocinero: Recetas Electorales"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fecha pronóstico: 2022-14-03"</span>,</span>
<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Twitter: @recetaelectoral"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<table class="table caption-top table-sm table-striped small">
<caption>Pronostico: % votos por candidato (Basado en encuestas N=3)</caption>
<thead><tr class="header">
<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th" style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold; color: white !important; background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">Candidato</th>
<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th" style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; color: white !important; background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">Pronostico</th>
<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th" style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold; color: white !important; background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">Intevalo</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">Gustavo Petro</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">38.5</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;">Federico Gutierrez</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">22.2</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">Rodolfo Hernandez</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">22.1</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;">Sergio Fajardo</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">8.0</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">Alex Char</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">6.9</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;">Oscar I. Zuluaga</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">3.8</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">Juan Manuel Galan</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">3.5</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;">Alejandro Gaviria</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">2.3</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">David Barguil</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">1.8</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;">Ingrid Betancourt</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">1.7</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">Enrique Peñalosa</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">1.4</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">ND</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left; padding: 0;">
<sup>1</sup> Cocinero: Recetas Electorales</td>
<td style="text-align: right;"></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left; padding: 0;">
<sup>2</sup> Fecha pronóstico: 2022-14-03</td>
<td style="text-align: right;"></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left; padding: 0;">
<sup>3</sup> Twitter: @recetaelectoral</td>
<td style="text-align: right;"></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</section></section><section id="evaluación-hipotética" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="evaluación-hipotética"><strong>Evaluación (Hipotética)</strong></h2>
<p>Supongamos que se disuelven todas las consultas y se presentan todos los candidatos el 29 de mayo. Ese día se evalúan los resultados del pronóstico así:</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb5" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,merror<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">margen_error</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tasa_respuesta</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ns_nr</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                      names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"alejandro_gaviria"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alejandro Gaviria"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"juan_m_galan"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Juan Manuel Galan"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"alex_char"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alex Char"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"david_barguil"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"David Barguil"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"enrique_penalosa"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Peñalosa"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"oscar_i_zuluaga"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Oscar I. Zuluaga"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Estimacion promedios</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>pronostico<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,na.rm<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Join resultados hipoteticos</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html">left_join</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_hipotetico</span>,</span>
<span>        <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alejandro Gaviria"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,</span>
<span>        <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,</span>
<span>       <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Juan Manuel Galan"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,</span>
<span>       <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,</span>
<span>       <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alex Char"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,</span>
<span>       <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"David Barguil"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,</span>
<span>       <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Peñalosa"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,</span>
<span>       <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span>,</span>
<span>       <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Oscar I. Zuluaga"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,</span>
<span>       <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,</span>
<span>       <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span>,</span>
<span>       <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Blanco"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>       by<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"nombres"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Evaluacion individual</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>evaluacion <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/MathFun.html">abs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_hipotetico</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/context.html">n</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Puntaje</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
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font-style: inherit;">T</span>, background <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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font-style: inherit;">"#D7261E"</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">"white"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/kableExtra/man/footnote.html">footnote</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>number <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Cocinero: Recetas Electorales"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Twitter: @recetaelectoral"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fecha pronostico: 2022-14-03"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<table class="table caption-top table-sm table-striped small">
<caption>Puntaje final pronostico:</caption>
<thead><tr class="header">
<th style="text-align: right;" data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">puntaje</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody><tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; color: white !important; background-color: rgba(215, 38, 30, 255) !important;">0.09</td>
</tr></tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right; padding: 0;">
<sup>1</sup> Cocinero: Recetas Electorales</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right; padding: 0;">
<sup>2</sup> Twitter: @recetaelectoral</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right; padding: 0;">
<sup>3</sup> Fecha pronostico: 2022-14-03</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="sugerencias-para-cocineros-creativos" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="sugerencias-para-cocineros-creativos">Sugerencias para cocineros creativos</h2>
<p>Hay muchos aspectos de las elecciones que se pueden analizar a través de recetas basadas en datos y modelos reproducibles.</p>
<p>Algunas ideas sueltas:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>Dinámicas regionales:</strong> ¿Cómo se distribuyen las votaciones de cada candidatos por departamento y municipio?</li>
<li>
<strong>Voto inconforme:</strong> ¿Qué dice el voto en blanco sobre la dinámica electoral? ¿Cómo varía el voto en blanco por vuelta y por geografía?</li>
<li>
<strong>Maquinarias:</strong> ¿Cómo se puede modelar la influencia de las maquinarias sobre las elecciones?</li>
<li>
<strong>Sofisticaciones estadísticas:</strong> Procesos Gaussianos, ML, etc.</li>
</ul>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2022,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🥇 Recetario abierto, un concurso predictivo},
  date = {2022-03-08},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-18-concurso/2022-concurso.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2022" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2022. <span>“🥇 Recetario abierto, un concurso
predictivo.”</span> March 8. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-18-concurso/2022-concurso.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-18-concurso/2022-concurso.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>elecciones</category>
  <category>pronósticos</category>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-18-concurso/2022-concurso.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Mon, 07 Mar 2022 23:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-18-concurso/concurso.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="23" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🍽️ Entrada, las encuestas juntas</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-11-entrada/2022-entrada.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“Information is the resolution of uncertainty.”</em> <br> –<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Shannon">Claude Shanonn</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Los datos compilados de las encuestas están consolidados en <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv">Github</a> gracias a la información que las encuestadoras <a href="https://twitter.com/Invamer">Invamer</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/CNCSocial">CNCSocial</a>, Yanhaas, <a href="https://twitter.com/GuarumoEncuesta">Guarumo</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/CELAGeopolitica">CELAGeopolitica</a>, Mosqueteros, TYSE y <a href="https://twitter.com/AtlasIntel_es">AtlasIntel</a> han hecho públicas.</p>
<p>De manera <em>provisional</em> se incluyen las encuestas telefónicas de la encuestadora mexicana <a href="https://twitter.com/MassiveCaller">MassiveCaller</a>, ya que la firma sube un archivo en el mismo URL con cada publicación.</p>
<p>Luego de la primera vuelta entró <a href="https://twitter.com/GAD3_com">GAD3</a> con un tracker diario. Este ejercicio es muy útil por la frecuencia de medición, pero probablemente tenga un poder muy bajo y no merezca la atención diaria que seguramente va a recibir<sup>1</sup>. En la Entrada, solo se registrará la más reciente estimación de GAD3.</p>
<p>Para que se desaparezcan rápido las encuestas fantasmas <a href="https://www.lasillavacia.com/historias/silla-nacional/la-encuestadora-fantasma-que-alejandro-gaviria-replica-en-campana/">como la que detectó La Silla Vacía</a> en un inusual sesgo de confirmación de la campaña de <a href="https://twitter.com/agaviriau">Alejandro Gaviria</a>, es bueno tener presente la <a href="https://www.cne.gov.co/elecciones/encuestas">lista de las 92 encuestadoras autorizadas por el CNE en el país a Diciembre 2021</a>. La tabla de encuestadoras está al final.</p>
<hr>
<section id="todas-las-encuestas-juntas-al-día" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="todas-las-encuestas-juntas-al-día">Todas las encuestas juntas, al día</h2>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://plotly-r.com">plotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org">lubridate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggrepel.slowkow.com/">ggrepel</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://github.com/rstudio/DT">DT</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">RColorBrewer</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Encuestas ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2022/main/Encuestas%202022/encuestas_2022.csv"</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2022</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Parametros ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">shape_entrada_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">22</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colors_entrada_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alejandro Gaviria"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">205</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">31</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">161</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">46</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Juan Manuel Galan"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">213</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">48</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">62</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">185</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alex Char"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">228</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">120</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"David Barguil"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">97</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">169</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Peñalosa"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">139</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">139</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Oscar I. Zuluaga"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">144</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">128</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">128</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">247</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">190</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/grDevices/rgb.html">rgb</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36</span>, maxColorValue <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">255</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># ggplot entrada 2022 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">entrada_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Seleccionar candidatos que encabezan las encuestas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">blanco</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">otros</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,merror<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">margen_error</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Pivotear los datos</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blanco"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"otros"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                      names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Crear algunas variables</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>e_max <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,</span>
<span>                e_min <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,</span>
<span>                fecha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"alejandro_gaviria"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alejandro Gaviria"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"juan_m_galan"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Juan Manuel Galan"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"alex_char"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alex Char"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"david_barguil"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"David Barguil"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"enrique_penalosa"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Peñalosa"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"oscar_i_zuluaga"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Oscar I. Zuluaga"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"blanco"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Voto en blanco"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                order_colors <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Filter non candidates</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/match.html">%in%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"otros"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ns_nr"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># ggplot</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>, color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span> <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#,frame=lubridate::month(fecha) </span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Antes de consulta 13 de marzo</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-13"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                 text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Candidato: '</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Intencion de voto:'</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Encuestadora:'</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Fecha:'</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"jitter"</span>,</span>
<span>             size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Despues de consulta 13 de marzo</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/between.html">between</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,</span>
<span>                                                <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-13"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                                                <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-29"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                                                <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                 text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Candidato: '</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Intencion de voto:'</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Encuestadora:'</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Fecha:'</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"jitter"</span>,</span>
<span>             size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>   <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Despues de 1era vuelta</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-29"</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                 text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Candidato: '</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Intencion de voto:'</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Encuestadora:'</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Fecha:'</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"jitter"</span>,</span>
<span>             size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Resultados primera vuelta</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-29"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39.84</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-29"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23.64</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-29"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4.13</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-29"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">27.82</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>                 text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Candidato: '</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Resultado:'</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, </span>
<span>             position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"jitter"</span>,</span>
<span>             size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>,</span>
<span>             shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,</span>
<span>             show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span></span>
<span>             <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Resultados primera vuelta</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-06-19"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50.44</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                     <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-06-19"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">47.31</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>             <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>                 text <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Candidato: '</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,</span>
<span>                              <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'&lt;br&gt;Resultado:'</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, </span>
<span>             position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"jitter"</span>,</span>
<span>             size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>,</span>
<span>             shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,</span>
<span>             show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span></span>
<span>             <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># LOESS antes de la primera vuelta</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#ggplot2::geom_smooth(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#  data = . %&gt;% dplyr::filter(dplyr::between(fecha,</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#                                     lubridate::as_date("2022-03-13"),</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#                                     lubridate::as_date("2022-05-29")),</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#                                     !is.na(int_voto)),</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#            method="loess", linetype="dotdash", se=TRUE, show.legend = FALSE)+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># LOESS para segunda vuelta</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#ggplot2::geom_smooth(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#  data = . %&gt;% dplyr::filter(fecha&gt;=lubridate::as_date("2022-03-13"),</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#                                     !is.na(int_voto),candidato %in% c(" rodolfo_hernandez","gustavo_petro")</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#                             ),</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#            method="loess", linetype="dotdash", fill="orangered",se=TRUE, show.legend = FALSE)+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># LOESS final</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_smooth.html">geom_smooth</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>method<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"loess"</span>, linetype<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"dotdash"</span>,se<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>, show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Margenes de error</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_linerange.html">geom_linerange</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>ymax<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">e_max</span>, ymin<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">e_min</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, </span>
<span>                position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"jitter"</span>,</span>
<span>                 show.legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">FALSE</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#  Legislativas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_abline.html">geom_vline</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>xintercept <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-03-13"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"royalblue2"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#  1era vuelta</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_abline.html">geom_vline</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>xintercept <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-05-29"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"orangered"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#  2da vuelta</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_abline.html">geom_vline</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>xintercept <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2022-06-19"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"red"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Opciones</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/labs.html">labs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">""</span>, </span>
<span>       y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"% Intención voto"</span>,</span>
<span>       caption<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fuente: Encuestas de intención de voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>   <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_manual.html">scale_shape_manual</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>values<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">shape_entrada_2022</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>   <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_manual.html">scale_color_manual</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>values<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colors_entrada_2022</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>   <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/coord_cartesian.html">coord_cartesian</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>ylim<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">60</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>   <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/guides.html">guides</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>shape <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"none"</span>, color <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/guide_legend.html">guide_legend</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>title <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NULL</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>   <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>     legend.position<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"bottom"</span>,</span>
<span>     panel.background<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_rect</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fill<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span>, color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>     <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#ggplotly ####</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plotly</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/plotly/man/ggplotly.html">ggplotly</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">entrada_2022</span>, tooltip <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"text"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">plotly</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">layout</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    legend <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>orientation <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
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Intención voto","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[],"showlegend":true,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.8897637795275593,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"orientation":"h","x":0.5,"y":-0.14999999999999999,"xanchor":"center","yanchor":"top","title":{"text":"","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"937435184f5b":{"x":{},"y":{},"colour":{},"shape":{},"text":{},"type":"scatter"},"937433322179":{"x":{},"y":{},"colour":{},"shape":{},"text":{}},"9374342b22b3":{"x":{},"y":{},"colour":{},"shape":{},"text":{}},"937465b229a3":{"x":{},"y":{},"colour":{},"text":{}},"93744cf913aa":{"x":{},"y":{},"colour":{},"text":{}},"937472ef2ac5":{"x":{},"y":{},"colour":{}},"9374733e3718":{"x":{},"y":{},"colour":{},"ymax":{},"ymin":{}},"9374c2f1a7":{"xintercept":{}},"93747ef37a20":{"xintercept":{}},"93744ada7f9b":{"xintercept":{}}},"cur_data":"937435184f5b","visdat":{"937435184f5b":["function (y) ","x"],"937433322179":["function (y) ","x"],"9374342b22b3":["function (y) ","x"],"937465b229a3":["function (y) ","x"],"93744cf913aa":["function (y) ","x"],"937472ef2ac5":["function (y) ","x"],"9374733e3718":["function (y) ","x"],"9374c2f1a7":["function (y) ","x"],"93747ef37a20":["function (y) ","x"],"93744ada7f9b":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Entrada 2022: Todas las encuestas juntas</p>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="buscador-de-encuestas" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="buscador-de-encuestas">Buscador de encuestas</h2>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org">lubridate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://github.com/ramnathv/htmlwidgets">htmlwidgets</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://github.com/rstudio/DT">DT</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#DT ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2022</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Seleccionar candidatos que encabezan las encuestas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>,merror<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">margen_error</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fuente</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">link</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Pivotear los datos</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">contains</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"_"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, </span>
<span>                      names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>, values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Crear algunas variables</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>e_max <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,</span>
<span>                e_min <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,</span>
<span>                fecha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                nombres <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"alejandro_gaviria"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alejandro Gaviria"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"juan_m_galan"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Juan Manuel Galán"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ingrid_betancourt"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ingrid Betancourt"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"alex_char"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Alex Char"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"david_barguil"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"David Barguil"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"enrique_penalosa"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enrique Peñalosa"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"federico_gutierrez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Federico Gutierrez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"oscar_i_zuliaga"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Oscar I. Zuluaga"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"rodolfo_hernandez"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Rodolfo Hernandez"</span>,</span>
<span>                                    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span></span>
<span>                                    <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Select variables</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">merror</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fuente</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">link</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html">is.na</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombres</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">DT</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/DT/man/datatable.html">datatable</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>filter <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"top"</span>,</span>
<span>                extensions <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Buttons"</span>,</span>
<span>                options <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>dom <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Bfrtip'</span>,</span>
<span>                               buttons <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'copy'</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'csv'</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'excel'</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                               autoWidth <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>,</span>
<span>                               scrollX <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span>,</span>
<span>                               initComplete <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">htmlwidgets</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/htmlwidgets/man/JS.html">JS</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>          <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"function(settings, json) {"</span>,</span>
<span>          <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/paste.html">paste0</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"$(this.api().table().container()).css({'font-size': '"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"11px"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"'});"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>          <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"}"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                colnames <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Fecha'</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Encuestadora'</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Candidato'</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Intencion de voto'</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Margen de error'</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Muestra"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fuente"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Enlace"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                caption <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'Tabla de encuestadoras'</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="datatables html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-5f43b4d48c3156d29ce6" style="width:100%;height:auto;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-5f43b4d48c3156d29ce6">{"x":{"filter":"top","vertical":false,"filterHTML":"<tr>\n  <td><\/td>\n  <td data-type=\"date\" style=\"vertical-align: top;\">\n    <div class=\"form-group has-feedback\" style=\"margin-bottom: auto;\">\n      <input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"All\" class=\"form-control\" style=\"width: 100%;\"/>\n      <span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle form-control-feedback\"><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"display: none;position: absolute;width: 200px;opacity: 1\">\n      <div data-min=\"1644019200000\" data-max=\"1655251200000\"><\/div>\n      <span style=\"float: left;\"><\/span>\n      <span style=\"float: right;\"><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/td>\n  <td data-type=\"character\" style=\"vertical-align: top;\">\n    <div class=\"form-group has-feedback\" style=\"margin-bottom: auto;\">\n      <input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"All\" class=\"form-control\" style=\"width: 100%;\"/>\n      <span 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</div>
</div>
</section><section id="buscador-de-encuestadoras-autorizadas" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="buscador-de-encuestadoras-autorizadas">Buscador de encuestadoras autorizadas</h2>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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font-style: inherit;">DT</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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SAS","GRAMALLA ASOCIADOS S.A.S.","GOOD PEOPLE MARKETING AGENCY\r\nS.A.S","WALTER EDUARDO BECERRA\r\nJIMENEZ","SMART DATA  &amp; AUTOMATION S.A.S.","COLOMBIA SE INFORMA\r\nDIAGNÓSTICO DE ESTUDIOS DE MERCADO Y REALIZACION DE ENCUESTAS DE OPINION PUBLICA SAS, sigla COLOMBIA SE INFORMA S.A.S.","UNIVERSIDAD DE IBAGUE","CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS REGIONALES\r\nCAFETEROS Y EMPRESARIALES- CRECE","IN-TUITIVA COLSULTORES SAS","MOBIJOB S.A.S.","GAUSS DE COLOMBIA ASESORIA E INVESTIGACIÓN ESTADÍSTICA  S.A.S.","INNOVACIÓN DIGITAL ID S.A.S","INVESTIGACION Y ASESORIA DE\r\nMERCADO \"INVAMER S.A.S.","JULIA BEATRÍZ DÍAZ IZQUIERDO","MGR COMUNICACIONES","PRONÓSTICOS S.A.","UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA\r\nLATINOAMERICANA UNAULA","UNIVERSIDAD DE ANTIOQUIA -\r\nCENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE OPINION - CEO","UNIVERSIDAD DE MEDELLIN","ASESORES EMPRESARIALES Y\r\nOBRAS CIVILES SAS- Antes INGENIERIA Y CONSULTORÍA BECO LTDA.-","ALBA SEPULVEDA FELIX ALBERTO","CONSULTORIA E INVESTIGACIÓN\r\nSUAREZ Y ASOCIADOS S.A.S.","ESTUDIOS Y CONSULTORIAS\r\nSOCIECONOMICAS ECSE","INGESES SAS ZOMAC","DISTRICT DATA S.A.S.","ANOVA SOLUCIONES\r\nESTATADISTICAS SAS","SEE SAS","METRICA MEDICIONES Y\r\nESTADISTICA LIMITADA","CENTRO REGIONAL DE CONSULTORIA Y PROYECCION DE\r\nIMAGEN \"CERCON E.A.T.\"","CÁMARA DE COMERCIO DE\r\nVALLEDUPAR","CENTRO DE CONSULTORÍA Y\r\nESTADISTICA DATA CENTER SAS","CORPORACIÓN MIGUEL MALDONADO\r\nMANJARREZ","FUNDACIÓN GÉNESIS CREA","ACE ASESORIA CONSULTORIA Y CONTROL EMPRESARIAL S.A.S.","LAP ESPECIALISTAS EN ANALISIS DE DATOS SAS","PROYECTOS Y ENCUESTAS S.A.S"],["CESAR AUGUSTO ANDRADE\r\nMORENO","RICHARD WALTER TRIANA","JOSE CARLOS MOLINA BECERRA","CLAUDIA MARCELA NAVIA NUÑEZ","RAFAEL LUIS ALJURE MORENO","GUILLERMO BAENA LOPEZ","MARIA MERCEDES BOTERO POSADA","FERNANDO RAAD FREILES","FRANCISCO CUELLO DUARTE","SERGIO CARRILLO ANGARITA","CARLOS JULIO LEMOINE AMAYA","CESAR CABALLERO REINOSO","LUIS HERNÁN OCAMPO GRANADA","OLGA CATALINA VASQUEZ GIL","ANGELA BAENA GIRALDO","DENIS LOPEZ CAMACHO","CAMILO ANDRES ARIZA LOZANO","CESAR ARIOSTO VALDERRAMA\r\nNICHOLLS","CARLOS FERNANDO SANCHEZ DUQUE","JAIME JURADO ALVARAN","CARLOS JULIAN LEON CARRILLO","CARLOS ANDRÉS PÉREZ  GARCÍA","LIBARDO MONTEALEGRE MURCIA","CARLOS ANDRÉS ARIAS ORJUELA","NUBIA DEL PILAR MONROY\r\nMORENO","ANA DEL CARMEN PANTOJA\r\nGALINDRES","GLORIA CECILIA GALLEGO LUJAN","JUAN FELIPE ARISMENDY VALENCIA","EDUARDO ANDRES LOZANO RICO","ANCIZAR CASANOVA RODRÍGUEZ","HECTOR HORACIO CHAVES\r\nPUERTO","ELISA PATIÑO VELANDIA","MARTHA PATRICIA MORALES\r\nROMANOWSKI","HELEANA PATRICIA SASTRE\r\nJIMENEZ","ANA MARÍA ARAOS CASAS","EDWARD JULIÁN ORTEGÓN SERNA","RICARDO GOMEZ CANO","RICARDO GOMEZ CANO","JORGE ALONSO ESPINOSA BERNAL","SANDRA CRISTINA TRIANA NAHUM","WILLIAM ACERO ARANGO","CARLOS ARTURO VALENZUELA\r\nARBELAEZ","YAMIL CURE RUIZ","TOMAS LOMBANA BEDOYA","JAMES PATIÑO GALLEGO","MARIA ISABEL LARRARTE GOMEZ","ANGIE CATHERIN OVIEDO CUELLAR","MIGUEL ERNESTO CALVACHE\r\nGONZALEZ","STELLA SANCHEZ PERLAZA","FRANCISCO PIEDRAHITA PLATA","IVAN ALONSO POSADA MARRUGO","OSCAR NICOLÁS BRIEVA RODRÍGUEZ","IRMA DEL CARMEN GÓMEZ\r\nMARTÍNEZ","CLAUDIA GABRIELA LÓPEZ","CARLOS HUMBERTO SUÁREZ\r\nBECERRA","SERGIO ANDRES ENTRENA\r\nFERNANDEZ","KELLY ANDREA GOMEZ SANDOVAL","LUIS CARLOS HERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ","VICTOR ANDRES TORRES VARGAS","WALTER EDUARDO BECERRA\r\nJIMENEZ","LUIS ALEJANDRO PINZÓN GUTIERREZ","NICOLAS FRANCISCO SUAREZ DIAZ","ALFONSO REYES ALVARADO","CAMILO JOSÉ PECHA GARZÓN","MARIO FERNEY COBALEDA\r\nBALSERO","SANTIAGO VÉLEZ DUQUE","JUAN CAMILO OLIVEROS VÉLEZ","STIVENS RIOS MAZO","ANA CRISTINA DE LA CUESTA\r\nOZELIS","JULIA BEATRÍZ DÍAZ IZQUIERDO","JUAN DAVID GUTIERREZ GOMEZ","JUAN MANUEL BOTERO RESTREPO","JOSE RODRIGO FLOREZ RUIZ","JHON JAIRO ARBOLEDA CESPEDES","NESTOR HINCAPIE VARGAS","CARLOS MAURICIO CABRERA LAISECA","ALBA SEPULVEDA FELIX ALBERTO","JUAN PABLO SUAREZ CHARRY","CARLOS ALBERTO OSORIO DUQUE","GILDARDO ARIAS VIDALES","JEAN CARLOS LEMUS RAMIREZ","RUBEN DARIO RIOS RINCON","JESUS ESTEBAN JIMENEZ LARA","GERMAN PEREZ POLO","GUSTAVO ADOLFO ROMERO SANCHEZ","JOSÉ LUIS URON MARQUEZ","DIANA MARIA GUTIERREZ NIETO","MIGUEL ANTONIO MALDONADO\r\nMARTINEZ","ALVARO LUIS TORRES GUARDIAS","MANUEL ALFONSO BETANCOURT SILGUERO","MARIA VICTORIA VARGAS ROJAS","ESTHER JAZMIN LÓPEZ PARDO"],["Calle 91 No. 91 – 55","Carrera 27 No. 55-11","Carrera 44B No. 53 – 38","Carrera 59 No. 94 -149","Calle 88 No.  42 E 144 -\r\nOf.16","Calle 65 No. 47-113","Carrera 47 No. 79-68, piso 1, Ap. 1A","Carrera 47 No. 63-39\r\nLocal 1C","Calle  No.42F-100, torre\r\n10, Apto 704","Calle 58B No. 55-26\r\nBloque C12 apto 413","Diagonal 34 No.5-27","Carrera 3 No. 62-21","Carrera 20 N° 34-31 Int \r\n3","Calle 93 No. 16-46 oficina 603, Edicio Zen\r\nOffice","Carrera 7B No. 123 – 21","Calle 39 A No. 15 – 44","Carrera 11 No. 96 - 27\r\nOficina 204","Transversal 59 No.\r\n104B-65 Puente Largo","Calle 62 No. 4A -24","Calle 12 No. 5 - 32","Carrera 28 No. 11-67\r\napto. 337","Calle 79B No. 7 – 60","Carrera 67 No.108-34,\r\nint. 4, Apto 401","Carrera 13 No.82-91\r\nOficina 402","Calle 73 No. 7 – 31,\r\nPiso 3 Bloque B.","Calle 23A No. 36 A 09\r\nOficina 302","Carrera 47 No. 106-A\r\n09","Calle 48 D No. 66 – 21,\r\noficina 308","Calle 74 No. 11-81 piso\r\n5","Carrera 13 No. 56 Sur\r\n13","Calle 34 No. 17 – 67","Carrera 47 No. 93-62\r\npiso 2","Av. 19 No. 114-65","Carrera 28 No. 42-30","Calle 128 A No. 72 – 50\r\nCasa 8","Carrera 13 No. 94A -25\r\noficina 309 y 310","Calle 77 No. 12 – 03 Ofi\r\n501","Calle 77 No. 12- 03\r\nOficina 501","Calle 23G No. 81-95,\r\nBarrio Modelia","Diagonal 40A No.14-82","Carrera 87A No.88-78","Carrera 31A N° 16 - 35","Carrera 45 No. 57 - 41\r\nINT 201","Carrera 127 No. 20 - 46","Carrera 108 No. 42 - 17\r\nOficina 1-905 Teka K108 - Barrio Bochalema","Carrera 3 No. 11-32 of.\r\n607","Calle 5B1 No. 36-10 \r\nOficina 605","Av. 3 Oeste 11-73,\r\nBarrio Santa Rita","Calle 13E No. 66 B 61\r\nCasa 15","Calle 18 No. 122-135","Calle Santo Domingo No. 3-63 Apartamento\r\n2A","Barrio Crespo, Avenida 2da No 64-68","Avenida Miramar No. 23\r\n57","Edificio Calamarí Torre\r\n7, apto 402","Calle 9 No. 7 - 34","Calle 10 No. 4-38, 1er.\r\nPiso, Torre B","Calle 14 No. 4-59\r\nCentro","Centro comercial bolívar- Local E-12,","Calle 7 No. 1 A- 01\r\nTorre 2 Apto 213","Carrera 17 No. 17-19\r\npiso 3.","Anillo vial sector Floridablanca Km 3981 Edificio Baichala Torre\r\n1 Oficina 703","Cll 27A N° 28 32 Brr Ros","Carrera 22 Calle 67 B,\r\nAv Ambalá","Km 11 Via Magdalena-\r\nRECINTO DEL PENSAMIENTO","Calle 69 No. 24-37\r\nBarrio Palermo","Carrera 23 No. 57 – 27\r\nCentro Comercial Los Rosales Piso 2","Carrera 8 A No. 20A- 110 Int.301","Calle 107BA -115","Calle 32F No.81-47","Transversal 39 # 72 -90\r\n- Interior 603, Edificio Plaza Linares","Trans 32B Diag 74C -\r\n22 Belen Alameda","Transversal 39 # 72 -90\r\n- Interior 603","Carrera 55 No. 49-51","Edificio de Extensión, Piso 7 Ofi. 705","Carrera 87 No.30-65","Calle 14 No. 8B-67","Carrera 22Bis  No.16-\r\n10 sur","Carrera 35 N 21A - 44","Calle 16 No.6-34 oficina\r\n37","Calle 40 A 9 B 12"," Carrera 9 No. 28 - 49","Carrera 70 No. 40 - 71","Avenida Colonizadores No. 29 - 91  Barrio 20\r\nde Julio","Carrera 26 No. 3 A 161,\r\nCasa 61","Carrera 25 No. 12B-29, Barrio La Graciela","Calle 15 No. 4-33","Calle 9 No. 13-54","Calle 16 Bis No. 36-110\r\nLAS ACACIAS","Calle 21 No. 6a-44\r\nOficina 204,Barrio San José","MULTIFAMILIARES\r\nCENTAUROS Bloque C1 Apto. 404","Calle 40 no. 32 - 50\r\nEdificio Comité de Ganaderos - oficina 1201","Cra.43C No. 21-68\r\nBarrio Buque"],["Apartartadó- Antioquia","Barrancabermeja- Santander","Barranquilla - Atlántico","Barranquilla - Atlántico","Barranquilla - Atlántico","Barranquilla - Atlántico","Barranquilla - Atlántico","Barranquilla - Atlántico","Barranquilla - Atlántico","Bogotá D.C.","Bogotá, D.C.","Bogotá, D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogota D.C.","Bogota, D.C.","Bogota, D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogotá, D.C.","Bogota, D.C.","Bogotá D:C.","Bogota, D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogotá, D.C.","Bogotá, D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogotá, D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogotá, D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogota D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogotá D.C.","Bogotá, D.C.","Bogota D.C.","Bogotá, D.C.","Bogotá D. 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</div>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section id="footnotes" class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Notas</h2>
<ol>
<li id="fn1"><p>Algo más preocupante de este ejercicio es que parece hacer <em>pooling</em> de las muestras diarias que toma.↩︎</p></li>
</ol></section><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2022,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🍽️ Entrada, las encuestas juntas},
  date = {2022-02-01},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-11-entrada/2022-entrada.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2022" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2022. <span>“🍽️ Entrada, las encuestas
juntas.”</span> February 1. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-11-entrada/2022-entrada.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-11-entrada/2022-entrada.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>candidatos</category>
  <category>encuestadoras</category>
  <category>cne</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-11-entrada/2022-entrada.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Mon, 31 Jan 2022 23:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2022-colombia/2022-03-11-entrada/entrada2022.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="82" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🍫 Postre de la 2da vuelta</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-06-18-postre-2018/2018-postre.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“The existence of a problem in knowledge depends on the future being different from the past, while the possibility of a solution of the problem depends on the future being like the past.”</em> <br> – <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Knight">Frank Knight</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>El postre busca lograr lo que los anteriores no pudieron: estimar qué tan probable es que gane uno u otro candidato. Para hacer eso el postre le aplica una transformación sencillita al <strong>Plato Simple</strong>: en vez de servir dos recetas por candidato, se sirve un solo <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_regression">postre logístico</a> para ambos. Esto genera un pronóstico probabilístico para la segunda vuelta.</p>
<p>¿Por qué hacerlo así? Porque según las encuestas la victoria es clara para Duque: todas coinciden en que el candidato de la coalición de derecha obtiene una mayor proporción de votos que su contrincante. Es más, el resultado del <strong>Plato Mixto</strong>, al que mejor le fue en la primera vuelta, si es aplicado a las encuestas que salieron después del 27 de mayo da como resultado que <strong>Duque obtendrá 51% de la votación, con un rango intervalo HPD de 95% de entre 46% y 57%, y Petro obtendría 37%, con un rango HPD de 95% entre 34% y 41%</strong>. Así que en vez de decir lo obvio, nos vamos por lo menos evidente, aunque sea más difícil de masticar.</p>
<hr>
<section id="postre-logístico" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="postre-logístico">Postre Logístico</h2>
<p><br> Este postre recoge la probabilidad de que <a href="https://twitter.com/IvanDuque"><code>@IvanDuque</code></a> sea presidente, estimada por el modelo que se describe abajo.</p>
<p>Estas probabilidades salen de sacar muchas simulaciones de cada uno de los parámetros del modelo estimado. El resultado es una densidad de la probabilidad de que Duque obtenga más de 50% de la votación. La distribución parece bimodal porque unas encuestas le dan menos de 50% de la votación a Duque, pero el grueso dice lo contrario: en 20% de las simulaciones el modelo estima que Duque gana con más o menos 53% de probabilidad.</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-important no-icon callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon no-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Importante</span>Un pronóstico probabilístico
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p><a href="https://twitter.com/IvanDuque"><strong><code>@IvanDuque</code></strong></a> <strong>tiene más o menos 65% de probabilidad de obtener más del 50% de la votación.</strong></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_abline.html">geom_vline</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>xintercept<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span>,linetype<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"dotted"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/labs.html">labs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Probabilidad de que Duque obtenga más de 50% de la votación"</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Densidad probabilidades estimadas"</span>,</span>
<span>       title<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Postre logistico 2018"</span>, </span>
<span>       subtitle<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"10.000 simulaciones del modelo logístico para la 2da vuelta"</span>, </span>
<span>       caption <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Fuente: www.recetas-electorales.com"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>legend.position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"none"</span>,</span>
<span>        panel.background <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_blank</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/lims.html">xlim</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.65</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2018-postre_files/figure-html/postre2018-duque-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-1" title="Postre logistico 2018"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-06-18-postre-2018/2018-postre_files/figure-html/postre2018-duque-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="576" alt="Postre logistico 2018"></a></p>
<figcaption>Postre logistico 2018</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="ingredientes" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ingredientes">Ingredientes</h2>
<p><br> Los únicos ingredientes de esta receta son las encuestas que han salido desde la primera vuelta. Como <em>priors</em> se toman los promedios y desviaciones estándar de cada candidato. <br></p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org">lubridate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 1. Encuestas 2018 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2018/master/Elecciones%202018/encuestas2018.csv"</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 2. Alistamiento de los datos</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_postre_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Seleccionar candidatos que encabezan las encuestas</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ivan_duque</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gustavo_petro</span>, m_error<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">margen_error</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">municipios</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Seleccionar solo las encuestas hechas despues de la primera vuelta</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&gt;=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-31"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Crear algunas variables</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>id <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ivan_duque</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span>, </span>
<span>         gp <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gustavo_petro</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span>,</span>
<span>         tipo <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html">ifelse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tipo</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Presencial"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>         fecha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/as.Date.html">as.Date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>         enc <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>         encuestadora<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/numeric.html">as.numeric</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">enc</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Crear variable duracion:</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>dd <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/as.Date.html">as.Date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/character.html">as.character</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/now.html">today</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, format<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"%Y-%m-%d"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/as.Date.html">as.Date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/character.html">as.character</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, format<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"%Y-%m-%d"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"id"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gp"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Round.html">round</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">.</span>,digits<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
</section><section id="receta" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="receta">Receta</h2>
<p><br> Este postre modela directamente las encuestas como una distribución binomial donde cada encuesta es un ensayo:</p>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%20N%5E%7BDuque%7D_i%20%5Csim%20%5Ctextrm%7BBinomial%7D(N_i,%20%5Cpi%5E%7BDuque%7D_i)%20"> donde <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?N_i"> es la muestra de cada encuesta y <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cpi%5E%7BDuque%7D_i"> es la proporción de la intención de voto para Iván Duque.</p>
<p>Ahora, la proporción de intención de voto para Duque <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cpi%5E%7BDuque%7D_i"> se determina a través de una función logística (log-link function) y, como es costumbre en este recetario, efectos aleatorios por encuestadora así:</p>
<p><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Ctextrm%7Blogit%7D%20(%5Cpi%5E%7BDuque%7D_i)%20=%20%5Calpha_%7Bencuestadora%7D"> <br></p>
</section><section id="preparación" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="preparación">Preparación</h2>
<p><br> Este es el postre completo, con los <em>priors</em> del caso: <br><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%20N%5E%7BDuque%7D_i%20%5Csim%20%5Ctextrm%7BBinomial%7D(N_i,%20%5Cpi%5E%7BDuque%7D_i)%20"> <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Ctextrm%7Blogit%7D%20(%5Cpi%5E%7BDuque%7D_i)%20=%20%5Calpha_%7Bencuestadora%7D"> <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csmall%5Calpha_%7Bencuestadora%7D%20%5Csim%20Normal(%5Calpha,%5Csigma)%20"> <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csmall%5Calpha%20%5Csim%20Normal(50,%205)%20"> <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csmall%5Csigma%20%5Csim%20HalfCauchy(0,5)%20"> <br></p>
</section><section id="estimación" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="estimación">Estimación</h2>
<p><br> Este es el modelo en el siempre espeluznante código de RStan: <br></p>
<div class="cell" data-output.var="logis">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="sourceCode stan code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode stan"><span id="cb3-1"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">data</span> {</span>
<span id="cb3-2">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>&gt; N;</span>
<span id="cb3-3">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>&gt; N_encuestadora;</span>
<span id="cb3-4"></span>
<span id="cb3-5">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// successes</span></span>
<span id="cb3-6">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[N] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; id;</span>
<span id="cb3-7"></span>
<span id="cb3-8">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// trials</span></span>
<span id="cb3-9">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[N] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; muestra_int_voto;</span>
<span id="cb3-10"></span>
<span id="cb3-11">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// pollster index (1..N_encuestadora)</span></span>
<span id="cb3-12">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">array</span>[N] <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">upper</span>=N_encuestadora&gt; encuestadora;</span>
<span id="cb3-13">}</span>
<span id="cb3-14"></span>
<span id="cb3-15"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">parameters</span> {</span>
<span id="cb3-16">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> a_bar;                         <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// population mean logit</span></span>
<span id="cb3-17">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[N_encuestadora] a_raw;       <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// non-centered pollster effects</span></span>
<span id="cb3-18">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span>&lt;<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">lower</span>=<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>&gt; s;                    <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// between-encuestadora SD (logit scale)</span></span>
<span id="cb3-19">}</span>
<span id="cb3-20"></span>
<span id="cb3-21"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">transformed parameters</span> {</span>
<span id="cb3-22">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[N_encuestadora] a;           <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// pollster-specific logits</span></span>
<span id="cb3-23">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">vector</span>[N] eta;                      <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// linear predictor per observation</span></span>
<span id="cb3-24"></span>
<span id="cb3-25">  a = a_bar + s * a_raw;</span>
<span id="cb3-26">  eta = a[encuestadora];</span>
<span id="cb3-27">}</span>
<span id="cb3-28"></span>
<span id="cb3-29"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">model</span> {</span>
<span id="cb3-30">  a_bar ~ normal(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.20</span>);</span>
<span id="cb3-31">  s ~ student_t(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span>);          <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// half-t via &lt;lower=0&gt;</span></span>
<span id="cb3-32"></span>
<span id="cb3-33">  a_raw ~ std_normal();</span>
<span id="cb3-34"></span>
<span id="cb3-35">  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">// Likelihood</span></span>
<span id="cb3-36">  id ~ binomial_logit(muestra_int_voto, eta);</span>
<span id="cb3-37">}</span>
<span id="cb3-38"></span>
<span id="cb3-39"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">generated quantities</span> {</span>
<span id="cb3-40">  <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">real</span> dev;</span>
<span id="cb3-41">  dev = -<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span> * binomial_logit_lpmf(id | muestra_int_voto, eta);</span>
<span id="cb3-42">}</span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<p><br> Ahora meter el postre al horno de RStan: <br></p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/cmdstanr/">cmdstanr</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre_2018_logis_stan</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cmdstanr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/cmdstanr/reference/cmdstan_model.html">cmdstan_model</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">here</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-06-18-postre-2018"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"logis.stan"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  force_recompile <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="cn" style="color: #8f5902;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">TRUE</span></span>
<span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre_2018_logis_fit</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre_2018_logis_stan</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sample</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>                  data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>                    N<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/n_distinct.html">n_distinct</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_postre_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                    N_encuestadora<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/n_distinct.html">n_distinct</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_postre_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                    muestra_int_voto<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_postre_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span>,</span>
<span>                    encuestadora<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_postre_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span>,</span>
<span>                    id<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_postre_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">id</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                  seed <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">123</span>,</span>
<span>                  chains <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>                  parallel_chains <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,</span>
<span>                  iter_warmup <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1000</span>,</span>
<span>                  iter_sampling <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4000</span>,</span>
<span>                  adapt_delta <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.95</span></span>
<span>                  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<p><br> Con algo de trabajo, y a pesar de muchas divergencias iniciales en el muestreo, el postre no se quema y sale del horno.</p>
<p><br> Para terminar, vamos las densidades de los parámetros estimados usando bayesplot y lanzar shinystan: <br></p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb5" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/">bayesplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">bayesplot</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/reference/bayesplot-colors.html">color_scheme_set</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"orange"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">posterior_logis</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">posterior</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/posterior/reference/draws_df.html">as_draws_df</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre_2018_logis_fit</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">bayesplot</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/reference/MCMC-intervals.html">mcmc_areas</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">posterior_logis</span>,</span>
<span>           prob<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.95</span>,prob_outer <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.99</span>,</span>
<span>           point_est<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"mean"</span>,</span>
<span>           pars<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/vars.html">vars</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyselect</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/starts_with.html">starts_with</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"a_raw["</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2018-postre_files/figure-html/postre2018-mcmc-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-2" title="Postre 2018: Densidades parametros"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-06-18-postre-2018/2018-postre_files/figure-html/postre2018-mcmc-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Postre 2018: Densidades parametros"></a></p>
<figcaption>Postre 2018: Densidades parametros</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br></p>
</section><section id="ñapa-estimación-con-ulam" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ñapa-estimación-con-ulam">Ñapa: Estimación con <code>ulam</code>
</h2>
<p><br> Además de la siempre abstrusa representación del código en RStan, en este postre incluyo una alternativa que de paso le hace bombo al paquete <a href="http://xcelab.net/R/rethinking_package.pdf">rethinking</a> que preparó uno de los mejores cocineros: <a href="http://xcelab.net/rm/">Richard McElreath</a>.</p>
<p>La especificación del modelo en el código del paquete rethinking, que traduce a un lenguaje más amable el código de RStan, se ve así: <br></p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb6" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rethinking</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Modelo logístico en ulam:</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">postre_ulam</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">rethinking</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/rethinking/man/ulam.html">ulam</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">alist</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">id</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Binomial.html">dbinom</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">logit</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span></span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a_bar</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">s</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a_bar</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Normal.html">dnorm</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.20</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>    <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">s</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Exponential.html">dexp</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    id <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_postre_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">id</span>,</span>
<span>    muestra_int_voto <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_postre_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span>,</span>
<span>    encuestadora <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_postre_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestadora</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  control<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>adapt_delta<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.96</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>  iter<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4000</span>, warmup<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1000</span>, chains<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>, cores<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<p><br></p>
<hr></section><section id="referencias" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="referencias">Referencias</h2>
<p><br><a href="https://pkremp.github.io/report.html">Este proyecto</a> de Pierre-Antoine Kremp, para las presidenciales en EEUU de 2016, fue la inspiración para estas recetas. <br><br> McElreath, R. (2015). <a href="http://xcelab.net/rm/statistical-rethinking/">Statistical Rethinking</a>. Texts in Statistical Science. Bendito sea Richard McElreath por este texto. <br><br> Stan Development Team (2016) <a href="https://github.com/stan-dev/stan/releases/download/v2.17.0/stan-reference-2.17.0.pdf">Stan Modeling Language: User’s Guide and Reference Manual. Version 2.14.0.</a> <br><br> Gelman, A. (2006). <a href="https://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.ba/1340371048">Prior distributions for variance parameters in hierarchical models (comment on article by Browne and Draper)</a>. Bayesian analysis, 1(3), pp.515-534. <br><br> Linzer, D. A. (2013). <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~vsheu/Midterm%202%20Project%20Files/Linzer-prespoll-May12.pdf">Dynamic Bayesian forecasting of presidential elections in the states</a>. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 108(501), 124-134. <br><br> Wickham, H., &amp; Grolemund, G. (2016). <a href="http://r4ds.had.co.nz/">R for data science: import, tidy, transform, visualize, and model data.</a> O’Reilly Media, Inc.</p>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2018,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🍫 Postre de la 2da vuelta},
  date = {2018-06-10},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-06-18-postre-2018/2018-postre.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2018" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2018. <span>“🍫 Postre de la 2da vuelta.”</span>
June 10. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-06-18-postre-2018/2018-postre.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-06-18-postre-2018/2018-postre.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>logístico</category>
  <category>probabilidad</category>
  <category>pronósticos</category>
  <category>elecciones</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-06-18-postre-2018/2018-postre.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sat, 09 Jun 2018 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-06-18-postre-2018/postre2018.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="108" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>☕ Café después de la 1era vuelta</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-28-cafe-2018/2018-cafe.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“The credibility of inference decreases with the strength of the assumptions maintained”</em> <br> –<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1061629">Charles Manski</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>La primera vuelta fue generosa con las encuestas y, claro, con las recetas electorales basadas en encuestas. El mejor pronóstico fue el que resultó de las recetas bayesianas <strong>Plato Simple</strong> y <strong>Plato Mixto</strong>. Las recetas fracasaron en identificar la proporción de votos de <strong>Sergio Fajardo</strong>, la sorpresa de la jornada, pero acertaron para todos los otros candidatos. Más que cualquier otro pronóstico y que cualquier encuesta individual.</p>
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<span class="screen-reader-only">Tip</span>Conclusión: las encuestas son ingredientes valiosos si se cocinan todas juntas
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<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/labs.html">labs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">""</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"\n% votos"</span>,</span>
<span>       title<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Cafe post electoral 2018"</span>,</span>
<span>       subtitle<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Pronosticos (puntos) vs Resultados (linea punteada)"</span>,</span>
<span>       caption<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"\nFuente: www.recetas-electorales.com"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_manual.html">scale_shape_manual</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>values<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">shape_cafe</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_manual.html">scale_color_manual</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>values<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colors_cafe</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span> <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Resultados</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_abline.html">geom_hline</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>data<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-28-cafe-2018"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sancocho_2018.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>               <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fuente</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>yintercept<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,group<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,linetype<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"dashed"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Facets</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/facet_wrap.html">facet_wrap</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,levels<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,nrow <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, scales <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"free"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cafe_2018_plot</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2018-cafe_files/figure-html/cafe2018-plot-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-1" title="Café post electoral"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-28-cafe-2018/2018-cafe_files/figure-html/cafe2018-plot-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Café post electoral"></a></p>
<figcaption>Café post electoral</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#plotly::ggplotly(cafe_plot)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<section id="ñapa-desviación-absoluta-promedio-para-cada-pronóstico" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="ñapa-desviación-absoluta-promedio-para-cada-pronóstico">Ñapa: Desviación absoluta promedio para cada pronóstico</h2>
<p>Si aplicáramos la fórmula que se utilizará en <a href="concurso"><strong>🥇 Recetas Abiertas</strong></a> a los pronósticos de la primera vuelta de 2018, este sería el resultado. Los platos <strong>Simple</strong> y <strong>Mixto</strong> fueron los más precisos.</p>
<p>::: {#tbl-cap: “Café post electoral: Evaluación usando distancias absolutas” .cell}</p>
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="http://haozhu233.github.io/kableExtra/">kableExtra</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Evaluacion Cafe ####</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-28-cafe-2018"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sancocho_2018.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fuente</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_wider.html">pivot_wider</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>names_from <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"fuente"</span>, values_from <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"18 Encuestas"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Simple"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Mixto"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ANIF"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"El Pais"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Cifras y Conceptos"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"fuente"</span>,values_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pronostico"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Evaluacion</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>evaluacion <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/MathFun.html">abs</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">Resultado</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pronostico</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fuente</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
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<span>                      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<table class="table caption-top">
<caption>Evaluacion de pronosticos para la primera vuelta de 2018:</caption>
<thead><tr class="header">
<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th" style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold; color: white !important; background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">Fuente</th>
<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th" style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; color: white !important; background-color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">Score</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">Simple</td>
<td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">14.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">Mixto</td>
<td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: rgba(255, 73, 0, 255) !important;">14.4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">El Pais</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">16.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;">18 Encuestas</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">16.5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">Cifras y Conceptos</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">32.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;">ANIF</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">49.2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left; padding: 0;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Note: </span></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left; padding: 0;">
<sup></sup> Score: Distancia absoluta promedio</td>
<td style="text-align: right;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left; padding: 0;">
<sup></sup> Fuente: www.recetas-electorales.com</td>
<td style="text-align: right;"></td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
</div>
<p>:::</p>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2018,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {☕ Café después de la 1era vuelta},
  date = {2018-05-28},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-28-cafe-2018/2018-cafe.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2018" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2018. <span>“☕ Café después de la 1era
vuelta.”</span> May 28. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-28-cafe-2018/2018-cafe.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-28-cafe-2018/2018-cafe.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>el país</category>
  <category>cifras &amp; conceptos</category>
  <category>anif</category>
  <category>mixto</category>
  <category>simple</category>
  <category>pronósticos</category>
  <category>elecciones</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-28-cafe-2018/2018-cafe.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sun, 27 May 2018 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-28-cafe-2018/cafe2018.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="155" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🥣 Sancocho, mezclando recetas</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-20-sancocho-2018/2018-sancocho.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“Far better an approximate answer to the right question, which is often vague, than an exact answer to the wrong question, which can always be made precise”</em> <br> –<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tukey">John Tukey</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>El <em>Sancocho</em> recoge todos los pronósticos disponibles para la primera vuelta del 27 de mayo 2018.</p>
<p>No cualquier lista o proporción de votos es un pronóstico. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/LaPollaDeLaPrimeraVuelta?src=hash"><code>#LaPollaporlaPrimeraVuelta</code></a> que se hace en Twitter tampoco vale. La tiranía metodológica no es capricho ni arbitrariedad: simplemente no tiene sentido atribuirle nada más que suerte a alguien que se gana la lotería por escoger un número entre billones posibles. De eso no se aprende nada.</p>
<p>Todo lo demás vale mientras resulte en un punto o intervalo por candidato. No importa la metodología que se utilice mientras haya un documento verificable que la describa, ese documento esté en línea y sea de acceso público. Los pronósticos se pueden basar en encuestas, elecciones pasadas, alianzas políticas, en el clima, clicks en una página o en cualquier otra cosa mientras cumplan con las tres características anteriores.</p>
<hr>
<section id="el-sancocho" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="el-sancocho">El sancocho</h2>
<p><br> Este sancocho incluye todos los pronósticos que encontré. El primer ingrediente es una referencia: <em>Encuestas</em>, un promedio simple de la intención de voto, para cada candidato, entre todas las 18 encuestas que han salido desde las elecciones legislativas de marzo 11 de 2017. Los otros ingredientes son estimaciones puntuales, intervalos, o puntos e intervalos, dependiendo de lo que cada cocinero haya revelado.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 1. Base: promedio de las encuestas ####</span></span>
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background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2018/master/Elecciones%202018/encuestas2018.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 1.2 Sancocho ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
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font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-19"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ivan_duque</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gustavo_petro</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sergio_fajardo</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">german_vargas_lleras</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">humberto_delacalle</span>,<span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tidyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_longer.html">pivot_longer</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>cols <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ivan_duque"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"german_vargas_lleras"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"humberto_delacalle"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,names_to <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"candidato"</span>,values_to<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"int_voto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarize</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>int_voto<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html">mean</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fecha <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-19"</span>,</span>
<span>                int_voto<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Round.html">round</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,digits <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                candidato <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/case-and-replace-when.html">case_when</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ivan_duque"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span>,</span>
<span>                                      <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gustavo_petro"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,</span>
<span>                                      <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sergio_fajardo"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,</span>
<span>                                      <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"german_vargas_lleras"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,</span>
<span>                                      <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"humberto_delacalle"</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                fuente <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"18 Encuestas"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 2. Cifras y Conceptos ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cyc</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto_max</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto_min</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-04"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">37.7</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">37.2</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-04"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17.4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15.7</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-04"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">13.3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12.8</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-04"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21.0</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18.2</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-04"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6.3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.9</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-18"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36.4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">35.6</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-18"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18.9</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-18"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12.4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12.3</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-18"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23.8</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20.9</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-18"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4.8</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-18"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36.9</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33.7</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-18"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21.6</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20.8</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-18"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14.2</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11.3</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-18"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">24.1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20.8</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-04-18"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5.1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3.3</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-16"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36.9</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32.9</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-16"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19.9</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16.8</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-16"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15.5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12.6</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-16"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23.5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20.3</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-16"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3.4</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-20"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">37.2</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33.7</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-20"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20.8</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18.1</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-20"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17.3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14.6</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-20"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21.7</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span>,</span>
<span>               <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-20"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4.7</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3.5</span></span>
<span>               <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>int_voto<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto_max</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto_min</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span>,</span>
<span>                fuente <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Cifras y Conceptos"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> </span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 3. El País ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">elpais</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,</span>
<span>                  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-19"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15.8</span>,</span>
<span>                  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-19"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">27</span>,</span>
<span>                  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-19"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">37</span>,</span>
<span>                  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-19"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,</span>
<span>                  <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-19"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fuente<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"El Pais"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 4. ANIF ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">anif</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-07"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-07"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-07"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-07"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-07"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fuente<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"ANIF"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 5. Recetas propias ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">recetas_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-20-sancocho-2018"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"simple-2018"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"simple_2018_resultados.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>m_all <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/median.html">median</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">value</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   p10 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">value</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                   p90 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">value</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fuente<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Simple"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fuente</span>,candidato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,int_voto<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">m_all</span>,int_voto_min<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p10</span>,int_voto_max<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p90</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,levels<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/bind_rows.html">bind_rows</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span></span>
<span>    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-20-sancocho-2018"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"mixto-2018"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"mixto_2018_resultados.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>      <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>      <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>m_all <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/median.html">median</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">value</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                       p10 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">value</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>                       p90 <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/quantile.html">quantile</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">value</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>      <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fuente<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Mixto"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>      <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fuente</span>,candidato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">nombre</span>,int_voto<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">m_all</span>,int_voto_min<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p10</span>,int_voto_max<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">p90</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,levels<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fecha<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-20"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 6. Resultado 1era vuelta ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_1era_vuelta_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-27"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39.14</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-27"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7.28</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-27"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25.08</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-27"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23.73</span>,</span>
<span>      <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-27"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2.06</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>fuente <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># 7. Preparar ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sancocho_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/bind_rows.html">bind_rows</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_sancocho_2018</span>,</span>
<span>                                  <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">recetas_2018</span>,</span>
<span>                                  <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">anif</span>,</span>
<span>                                  <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">elpais</span>,</span>
<span>                                  <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">resultado_1era_vuelta_2018</span>,</span>
<span>                                  <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cyc</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>                                    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fecha</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">==</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">lubridate</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://lubridate.tidyverse.org/reference/as_date.html">as_date</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-20"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>candidato<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html">factor</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,levels<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Humberto de la Calle"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"German Vargas Lleras"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Sergio Fajardo"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Gustavo Petro"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ivan Duque"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sancocho_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/write_delim.html">write_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://here.r-lib.org/reference/here.html">here</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"elecciones"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-colombia"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"2018-05-20-sancocho-2018"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"sancocho_2018.csv"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">colors_sancocho</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"green4"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"gold2"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"purple3"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"darkturquoise"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"firebrick1"</span>,<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"firebrick1"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">shape_sancocho</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># El sancocho</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sancocho_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dplyr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fuente</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">!=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Resultado"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html">ggplot</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">candidato</span>,y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_point.html">geom_point</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>shape<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fuente</span>,color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fuente</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/position_dodge.html">position_dodge</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_linerange.html">geom_errorbar</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html">aes</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>ymax<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto_max</span>,ymin<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">int_voto_min</span>,color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">fuente</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/position_dodge.html">position_dodge</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,width<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/geom_abline.html">geom_hline</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>yintercept<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">40</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, linetype<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"dashed"</span>,color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"grey60"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html">theme</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>legend.position <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"right"</span>,</span>
<span>        legend.title <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_blank</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>        legend.key<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_blank</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>        legend.text<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_text</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>        axis.text<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html">element_text</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>,</span>
<span>        panel.background<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ggplot2</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2018-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho-plot-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-1" title="Sancocho de pronósticos electorales"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-20-sancocho-2018/2018-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho-plot-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Sancocho de pronósticos electorales"></a></p>
<figcaption>Sancocho de pronósticos electorales</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Estas son algunas generalidades del sancocho:</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-important callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Importante</span>Conclusiones de los pronosticos electorales
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<ul>
<li><p><strong><em>Nadie gana las elecciones en primera vuelta.</em></strong> Ningún pronóstico le da más de 50% de la votación a un candidato. El primer resultado general es que habrá segunda vuelta.</p></li>
<li><p><strong><em>Ivan Duque pasa a segunda vuelta.</em></strong> Ningún pronóstico sugiere que el candidato de la coalición de derecha no pasa a la segunda vuelta, y que pasa con la mayor votación.</p></li>
<li><p><strong><em>A Duque lo acompaña Petro, según las encuestas, o Vargas Lleras, según las otras recetas.</em></strong> Hay dos tipos de recetas: las que se basan solo en encuestas y las otras. Todas las que se basan en encuestas dan el mismo resultado, en términos del órden de votación, a pesar de las enormes diferencias metodológicas y que algunas no especifican incertidumbre sobre la votación. Las que no se basan solo en las encuestas pronostican una carrera pareja entre Petro y Vargas Lleras por el segundo puesto para la segunda vuelta.</p></li>
<li><p><strong><em>No hubo un solo modelo probabilístico para la primera vuelta.</em></strong> Lo más cercano fue la receta de ANIF, donde se presentan unas probabilidades de quién gana las elecciones. Sin embargo, lo que hizo ANIF no parece ser realmente un pronóstico probabilístico porque le da 0% de probabilidad a Fajardo y no presenta ningún intervalo de incertidumbre –ambas señales de que esa receta pretende ser una cosa que no es.</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="recetas-electorales-2018" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="recetas-electorales-2018"><em>Recetas electorales 2018</em></h2>
<p><br> Estos son los resultados de las últimas estimaciones de las recetas bayesianas <strong>Plato Simple</strong> y <strong>Plato Mixto</strong>. En cada caso, el resultado es un promedio de la distribución posterior de los parámetros, así como su <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credible_interval">HPDI</a> de 90%. No alcancé a terminar la receta multinomial, así que quedaron solo estas dos. <br></p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2018-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho-recetas-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-2" title="Pronósticos Platos Simple y Mixto"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-20-sancocho-2018/2018-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho-recetas-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Pronósticos Platos Simple y Mixto"></a></p>
<figcaption>Pronósticos Platos Simple y Mixto</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="los-huevos-de-cifras-y-conceptos" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="los-huevos-de-cifras-y-conceptos">🥚 <em>Los huevos de Cifras y Conceptos</em>
</h2>
<p><br> El polémico pronóstico de Cifras y Conceptos es el ingrediente más creativo del sancocho. Trata de hacer algo que ningún otro intentó: modelar el sesgo, que parece comparten todas las encuestas, de subestimar la movilización de votos que pueden hacer las estructuras políticas. <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cPCg5-YhmwpugR1_f2agdAZKxQMC-Zpq/view">Ésta es la metodología que utilizan</a> para generar los intervalos de pronóstico por candidato. A pesar de que publicaron la metodología tarde, y no se animaron a mostrar la cocina completa, este ingrediente es el que más me gusta.</p>
<p>Abajo va una reproducción de todas las actualizaciones de los intervalos que ha producido Cifras y Conceptos: <br><br></p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2018-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho-cyc-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-3" title="Los huevos de Cifras y Conceptos"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-20-sancocho-2018/2018-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho-cyc-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="Los huevos de Cifras y Conceptos"></a></p>
<figcaption>Los huevos de Cifras y Conceptos</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="el-chicharrón-de-el-país" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="el-chicharrón-de-el-país">🥓 <em>El chicharrón de El País</em>
</h2>
<p><br> Desde el periódico El País, <a href="https://twitter.com/JorgeGalindo"><code>@JorgeGalindo</code></a> y <a href="https://twitter.com/kikollan"><code>@kikollan</code></a> publicaron el 19 de mayo <a href="https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/05/19/colombia/1526755167_362126.html">un cálculo con base en las encuestas y múltiples asteríscos metodológicos</a>.</p>
<p>El cálculo hace muchos supuestos de ponderación pero no los muestra, y aunque describen lo que hacen, esa transparencia a medias no me gusta. De todas maneras ahí está. <br><br></p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb5" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2018-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho-elpais-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-4" title="El chicharrón de El País"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-20-sancocho-2018/2018-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho-elpais-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="El chicharrón de El País"></a></p>
<figcaption>El chicharrón de El País</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="la-kielbasa-de-anif" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="la-kielbasa-de-anif">🌭 <em>La kielbasa de ANIF</em>
</h2>
<p><br><a href="http://www.anif.co/sites/default/files/1410.pdf">ANIF publicó éste pronóstico</a> el pasado 7 de mayo de 2018. Cumple con los criterios de inclusión en el sancocho. Pero lo único peor a saber cómo se prepara una salchicha es no saber.</p>
<p>En este sancocho solo se incluye lo que llaman <em>método de contabilidad de votos</em> porque lo demás es un buen ejemplo de rigor impostado: probabilidades sin intervalos y sin rastro de cómo se calculan. ANIF dice que Duque tiene <em>“65% de probabilidad de ganar”</em> pero no muestra exactamente cómo llegaron a esa conclusión (¿por qué 65% y no 56%, o 73%? Ni idea). <br><br></p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb6" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure"><p><a href="2018-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho-anif-1.png" class="lightbox" data-gallery="quarto-lightbox-gallery-5" title="La kielbasa de ANIF"><img src="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-20-sancocho-2018/2018-sancocho_files/figure-html/sancocho-anif-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672" alt="La kielbasa de ANIF"></a></p>
<figcaption>La kielbasa de ANIF</figcaption></figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2018,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🥣 Sancocho, mezclando recetas},
  date = {2018-05-20},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-20-sancocho-2018/2018-sancocho.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2018" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2018. <span>“🥣 Sancocho, mezclando
recetas.”</span> May 20. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-20-sancocho-2018/2018-sancocho.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-20-sancocho-2018/2018-sancocho.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>el país</category>
  <category>cifras &amp; conceptos</category>
  <category>anif</category>
  <category>mixto</category>
  <category>simple</category>
  <category>encuestadoras</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-20-sancocho-2018/2018-sancocho.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sat, 19 May 2018 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-20-sancocho-2018/sancocho.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="83" width="144"/>
</item>
<item>
  <title>🥗 El poder de la ensalada</title>
  <dc:creator>Recetas Electorales</dc:creator>
  <link>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-05-ensalada/2018-ensalada.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ <blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>“This self-deceit, this fatal weakness of mankind, is the source of half the disorders of human life”</em><br> - <a href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Smith/smMS.html">Adam Smith</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Esta ensalada es opcional pero es el plato más saludable.</p>
<p>¿Qué puede y qué no puede decir una encuesta? La respuesta depende de un concepto estadístico clave: <em>poder estadístico</em><sup>1</sup>.</p>
<p>El <em>poder</em> permite distinguir una señal, un patrón real en los datos, del ruido. Una encuesta con bajo <em>poder estadístico</em> no puede identificar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la intención de voto de los candidatos que busca medir. Puede, incluso, revelar efectos o tendencias que realmente no están ahí. Dado que las encuestas tienden a interpretarse ligeramente, vale la pena averiguar qué puede decir creíblemente una encuesta de acuerdo a su diseño y el poder estadístico que tenga.</p>
<p>Para entender qué es esto del <em>poder estadístico</em>, comencemos por un episodio de hace unos años: la medición de intención del voto en el plebiscito para ratificar los Acuerdos de Paz en 2016.</p>
<section id="retrospeciva-por-qué-las-encuestas-se-descacharon-en-el-plebiscito-de-2016" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="retrospeciva-por-qué-las-encuestas-se-descacharon-en-el-plebiscito-de-2016">Retrospeciva: ¿Por qué las encuestas se descacharon en el plebiscito de 2016?</h2>
<p>En el plebiscito de 2016, votaron 13 millones de personas. El <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plebiscito_sobre_los_acuerdos_de_paz_de_Colombia_de_2016">Si obtuvo 49.78% de los votos y el No 50.21%</a>. La diferencia fue de 0.43%, unos 53 mil votos.</p>
<p>Las encuestas estuvieron muy lejos del resultado, y una parte de su desprestigio actual se debe a esa muy visible imprecisión.</p>
<div class="cell">
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-62ee36439d5c1831d71a" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
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49.78%","hovertext":"","textfont":{"size":15.118110236220474,"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)"},"type":"scatter","mode":"text","hoveron":"points","showlegend":false,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null}],"layout":{"margin":{"t":40.840182648401829,"r":7.3059360730593621,"b":22.648401826484022,"l":37.260273972602747},"plot_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","paper_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724},"title":{"text":"El descache de las encuestas en el plebistico 2016","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":17.534246575342465},"x":0,"xref":"paper"},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[17017.445879556526,17073.636529312927],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["Aug 15","Sep 01","Sep 15"],"tickvals":[17028,17045,17059],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["Aug 15","Sep 01","Sep 15"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"tickangle":-0,"showline":true,"linecolor":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","linewidth":0.66417600664176002,"showgrid":false,"gridcolor":null,"gridwidth":0,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"y","title":{"text":"","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[33.5,77.5],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["40","50","60","70"],"tickvals":[40,50,60,70],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["40","50","60","70"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"tickangle":-0,"showline":true,"linecolor":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","linewidth":0.66417600664176002,"showgrid":false,"gridcolor":null,"gridwidth":0,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":{"text":"% Votos 'Si'","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[],"showlegend":false,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.8897637795275593,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"68104c933b8":{"x":{},"y":{},"shape":{},"colour":{},"text":{},"type":"scatter"},"68105b3a7955":{"x":{},"y":{},"ymin":{},"ymax":{},"colour":{}},"68101ed425d4":{"yintercept":{}},"681058b36ad":{"x":{},"y":{}}},"cur_data":"68104c933b8","visdat":{"68104c933b8":["function (y) ","x"],"68105b3a7955":["function (y) ","x"],"68101ed425d4":["function (y) ","x"],"681058b36ad":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>El descache de las encuestas en el plebistico 2016</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>¿Qué pasó? Pues que las encuestas tenían muestras muy pequeñas que no eran capaces de detectar ese diminuto margen. ¿Qué tan grande hubieran tenido que ser las encuestas en la previa del plebiscito para detectar una diferencia de 0.43% en el resultado? Esta es una pregunta que se puede responder con cierta precisión utilizando análisis de <em>poder estadístico</em>.</p>
<p>Utilizando unos supuestos estándar, como un poder de detección de 80%, un nivel de significancia de 95% y bajo la hipótesis de que el Si iba a ganar (51%), el siguiente test permite responder la pregunta.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://github.com/heliosdrm/pwr">pwr</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.0043</span>, <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.51</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.05</span>, power<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.8</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"less"</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details><div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>
     proportion power calculation for binomial distribution (arcsine transformation) 

              h = -0.01140123
              n = 47562.53
      sig.level = 0.05
          power = 0.8
    alternative = less</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>Para detectar el resultado del plebiscito en 4 de cada 5 intentos, las encuestas debieron encuestar a cerca de <strong>47 mil personas</strong>. Ningún intento con mil o mil y pico de encuestados hubiera podido detectar eso.</p>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-important callout-titled">
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<span class="screen-reader-only">Importante</span>Conclusion
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<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>Las encuestas de intención de voto <strong>no</strong> están hechas para detectar diferencias pequeñas</p>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="qué-es-poder-estadístico" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="qué-es-poder-estadístico">¿Qué es <em>poder estadístico</em>?</h2>
<p>El <em>poder</em> representa la probabilidad de que un test estadístico detecte un efecto cuando ese efecto realmente existe. Así, cuando un test tiene bajo poder, no es capaz de hacer lo que pretende. Cuando un test tiene bajo poder, puede confundir el ruido con la señal; si eso se hace con suficiente frecuencia, puede acabar con una disciplina completa, como <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6251/aac4716.full">pasó en psicología</a>.</p>
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<span class="screen-reader-only">Advertencia</span>Ojo, el poder no es el márgen de error!
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<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">

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</div>
<p>Para analizar el poder, aunque depende de la situación específica, se necesitan 4 ingredientes:</p>
<ul>
<li>El tamaño de una muestra (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?n">)</li>
<li>El nivel de significancia, o probabilidad de falsos positivos (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Calpha">)</li>
<li>El poder, o probabilidad de un falso negativo (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cbeta">)</li>
<li>El tamaño del efecto (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?d">). Para un experimento aleatorio, por ejemplo, <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?d">=(<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmu_%7Btreat%7D">-<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cmu_%7Bcontrol%7D">)/<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Csigma">.</li>
<li>La correlación intra-cluster (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Crho">), el número de clusters y la distribución de la muestra en cada cluster. Este ingrediente no se incluye en este análisis.</li>
</ul></section><section id="cómo-se-calcula-el-poder-de-una-encuesta" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="cómo-se-calcula-el-poder-de-una-encuesta">¿Cómo se calcula el poder de una encuesta?</h2>
<p>No es del todo claro cómo se calcula el poder de una encuesta cuando no se conoce exactamente su diseño muestral.</p>
<p>Este ejercicio ofrece una alternativa a no poder decir nada sobre el poder de las encuestas. Ya que algunas fichas técnicas de las encuestas reportan márgenes de error para cierto tipo de pruebas (e.g.&nbsp;<em>“el margen de error para una confianza del Y% es X% para proporciones mayores a Z%”</em>), se utilizan esos márgenes para calcular el poder <em>post hoc</em> de cada encuesta utilizando la muestra efectiva, el tipo de prueba (i.e.&nbsp;diferencias entre proporciones), el nivel de significancia (casi siempre 95%) y se deja como variable el tamaño del efecto.</p>
<p>Los cálculos de poder a continuación se realizan para proporciones (<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?p">). Todos son test de una sola cola (i.e.&nbsp;mayor a <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Calpha">) de la siguiente forma: <br><br><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?H_0:%20p%20=%20X"> <br><br><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?H_1:%20p%20=%20X%20+%20%5Cepsilon">, donde <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?X"> es la proporción especificada en la ficha técnica de la encuesta y <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?%5Cepsilon"> el tamaño del efecto a estimar.</p>
<p>Se utiliza <strong>pwr.p.test</strong> del paquete <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/pwr/pwr.pdf"><strong>pwr</strong></a>, que se define así: h (H1, H0), n (muestra), sig.level (alpha), y la opción de una sola cola (alternative = “greater”).</p>
</section><section id="limitaciones-del-análisis" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="limitaciones-del-análisis">Limitaciones del análisis</h2>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>No se incluyen clusters, así que la <em>correlación intra-cluster se asume cero</em>. Eso infla el poder para todas las encuestas, pero desafortunadamente no es posible reconstruir la varianza dentro de la estratificación de las muestras que hacen las encuestas.</p></li>
<li><p>Para las encuestas que no mencionan el tipo de prueba se asume una prueba de diferencia de proporciones mayor a 50%.</p></li>
</ol></section><section id="preparación-para-la-estimación-de-poder" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="preparación-para-la-estimación-de-poder">Preparación para la estimación de poder</h2>
<p>Para agilizar los cálculos, se definen algunos parámetros por grupos de encuestas según lo que diga la ficha técnica:</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#1. Diferencias de proporciones en fichas técnicas</span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#1.1 Diferencias de proporciones 0.5 para encuestas #: 3-4, 6-9, 16, 29, 33 y Default: 1,10,12,14,18,21,22,24,25,28,31,32,35,37,39,40</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.5</span>       </span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gr1</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">9</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">22</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">24</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">26</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">28</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">29</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">31</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">35</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">37</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">40</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#1.2 Diferencias de proporciones 0.2 para encuestas #: 2,5,13,17,19,23,34</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.2</span>   </span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gr2</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">13</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">34</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#1.3 Diferencias de proporciones 0.25 para encuestas #11</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.3</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.25</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gr3</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#1.4 Diferencias de proporciones 0.14 para encuestas # 15 y 20</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.14</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gr4</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#1.5 Diferencias de proporciones 0.24 para encuestas # 27</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.5</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.24</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gr5</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">27</span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#1.6 Diferencias de proporciones 0.35 para encuestas # 30 y 36</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.35</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gr6</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html">c</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>,<span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#1.7 Diferencias de proporciones 0.28 para encuestas #38</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.7</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.28</span>     <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Encuestas: 38</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">gr7</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">38</span></span>
<span>  </span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#2. Tamaños de los efectos</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.01</span>   <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Efecto a detectar: Diferencia de 1%</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.03</span>   <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Efecto a detectar: Diferencia de 3%</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.05</span>   <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Efecto a detectar: Diferencia de 5%</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.05</span>        <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Nivel de confianza 95%</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#3. Nivel de significancia</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0.05</span>         <span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#Nivel de confianza 95%</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
</section><section id="poder-1-3-5-efectos-diminutos-pequeños-y-medianos" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="poder-1-3-5-efectos-diminutos-pequeños-y-medianos">Poder 1-3-5%: Efectos diminutos, pequeños y medianos</h2>
<p>¿Es la muestra de las encuestas suficiente para detectar una diferencia de 1% entre candidatos?</p>
<p>Utilizando el paquete <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/pwr/pwr.pdf"><strong>pwr</strong></a> de R y, el más ineficiente código imaginable, el poder de cada encuesta para detectar una diferencia de 1%, 3% y 5% entre la votación de los candidatos.</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb5" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://github.com/heliosdrm/pwr">pwr</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nelsonamayad/Elecciones-presidenciales-2018/master/Elecciones%202018/encuestas2018.csv"</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">readr</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html">read_csv</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_ulr_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#1. Grupo 1, Efecto 1  ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.1</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.3</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.4</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.6</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.7</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.8</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.9</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.10</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.12</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.14</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.16</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.18</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.21</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.22</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">22</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.24</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">24</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.25</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.26</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">26</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.28</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">28</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.29</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">29</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.31</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">31</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.32</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.33</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.35</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">35</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.37</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">37</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.39</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.40</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">40</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#2. Grupo 2, Efecto 1 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.2</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.5</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.13</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">13</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.17</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.19</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.23</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.34</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">34</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#3. Grupo 3, Efecto 1 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.11</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.3</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#4. Grupo 4, Efecto 1 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.15</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.20</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#5. Grupo 5, Efecto 1 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.27</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.5</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">27</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#6. Grupo 6, Efecto 1 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.30</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.36</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#7. Grupo 7, Efecto 1 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.38</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.7</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.7</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">38</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Tribble con los resultados: ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">d.eff.1</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">power1</span>, </span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.7</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.8</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">9</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.11</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.12</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">13</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.13</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.14</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.15</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.16</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.17</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.18</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.19</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.20</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.21</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">22</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.22</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.23</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">24</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.24</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.25</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">26</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.26</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">27</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.27</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">28</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.28</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">29</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.29</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.30</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">31</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.31</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.32</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.33</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">34</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.34</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">35</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.35</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.36</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">37</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.37</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">38</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.38</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.39</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">40</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.40</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span></span>
<span>                   <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb6" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://github.com/heliosdrm/pwr">pwr</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#1. Grupo 1, Efecto 2  ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.1</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.3</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.4</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.6</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.7</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.8</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.9</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.10</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.12</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.14</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.16</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.18</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.21</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.22</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">22</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.24</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">24</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.25</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.26</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">26</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.28</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">28</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.29</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">29</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.31</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">31</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.32</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.33</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.35</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">35</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.37</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">37</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.39</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.40</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">40</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#2. Grupo 2, Efecto 2 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.2</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.5</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.13</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">13</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.17</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.19</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.23</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.34</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">34</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#3. Grupo 3, Efecto 2 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.11</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.3</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#4. Grupo 4, Efecto 2 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.15</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.20</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#5. Grupo 5, Efecto 2 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.27</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.5</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">27</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#6. Grupo 6, Efecto 2 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.30</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.36</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#7. Grupo 7, Efecto 3 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.38</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.7</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.7</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">38</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Tribble con los resultados: ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">d.eff.2</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">power2</span>, </span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.7</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.8</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">9</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.11</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.12</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">13</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.13</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.14</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.15</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.16</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.17</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.18</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.19</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.20</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.21</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">22</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.22</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.23</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">24</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.24</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.25</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">26</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.26</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">27</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.27</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">28</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.28</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">29</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.29</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.30</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">31</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.31</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.32</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.33</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">34</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.34</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">35</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.35</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.36</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">37</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.37</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">38</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.38</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.39</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">40</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.40</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span></span>
<span>                   <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</details>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb7" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://github.com/heliosdrm/pwr">pwr</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org">tidyverse</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#1. Grupo 1, Efecto 3  ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.1</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.3</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.4</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.6</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.7</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.8</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.9</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.10</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.12</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.14</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.16</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.18</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.21</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.22</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">22</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.24</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">24</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.25</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.26</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">26</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.28</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">28</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.29</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">29</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.31</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">31</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.32</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.33</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.35</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">35</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.37</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">37</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.39</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">39</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.40</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">40</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#2. Grupo 2, Efecto 3 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.2</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.5</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.13</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">13</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.17</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.19</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.23</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.34</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">34</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#3. Grupo 3, Efecto 3 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.11</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.3</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#4. Grupo 4, Efecto 3 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.15</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.20</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#5. Grupo 5, Efecto 3 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.27</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.5</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">27</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#6. Grupo 6, Efecto 3 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.30</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.36</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">#7. Grupo 7, Efecto 3 ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.38</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/pwr.p.test.html">pwr.p.test</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span>h <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/pwr/man/ES.h.html">ES.h</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">eff.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">+</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.7</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">cons.7</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span>, sig.level <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">a</span>, alternative <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"greater"</span>, n <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">encuestas_2018</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">$</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">muestra_int_voto</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">38</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Tribble con los resultados: ####</span></span>
<span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">d.eff.3</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">tibble</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">::</span><span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"><a href="https://tibble.tidyverse.org/reference/tribble.html">tribble</a></span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">(</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">n</span>, <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">~</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">power3</span>, </span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.1</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.2</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.3</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.5</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.6</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.7</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.8</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">9</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.9</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.10</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">11</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.11</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.12</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">13</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.13</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">14</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.14</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.15</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">16</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.16</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">17</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.17</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">18</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.18</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">19</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.19</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">20</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.20</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">21</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.21</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">22</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.22</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">23</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.23</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">24</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.24</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.25</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">26</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.26</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">27</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.27</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">28</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.28</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">29</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.29</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">30</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.30</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">31</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.31</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">32</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.32</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">33</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.33</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">34</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.34</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">35</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">pow.35</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">[[</span><span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span><span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">]</span>,</span>
<span>                   <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">36</span>, <span class="va" style="color: #111111;
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<span>                   <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
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</details>
</div>
</section><section id="el-poder-estadístico-de-las-encuestas" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="el-poder-estadístico-de-las-encuestas">El poder estadístico de las encuestas</h2>
<p>El estándar de poder (arbitrario, como todo lo frecuentista) para un test es <strong>80%</strong>. Eso quiere decir que para detectar un efecto que existe, dado un tamaño de la muestra específico y con 95% de nivel de significancia, será posible identificar ese efecto el 4 de cada 5 veces (80%).</p>
<p>Este es el poder estadístico estimado para cada encuesta en cada uno de los 3 diferentes tamaños de efectos: diminutos (1%), pequeños (3%) y medianos (5%):</p>
<div class="cell">
<details class="code-fold"><summary>Ver código</summary><div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb8" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
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font-style: inherit;">#Corte arbitrario 80%</span></span>
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</details><div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-fffb6037550cd909b883" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
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1247"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(228,26,28,1)","opacity":1,"size":11.338582677165356,"symbol":"asterisk-open","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(228,26,28,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"(YanHaas,power1)","legendgroup":"(YanHaas,power1)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[0.90151443751969806,0.68358344187542619,0.75137264852882513],"y":[1251.0045651549474,1249.6056531542913,1246.6191730318592],"text":["Encuestadora:  YanHaas <br>Power (beta): 0.9 <br>Muestra: 1251","Encuestadora:  YanHaas <br>Power (beta): 0.68 <br>Muestra: 1250","Encuestadora:  YanHaas <br>Power (beta): 0.75 <br>Muestra: 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1247"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(77,175,74,1)","opacity":1,"size":11.338582677165356,"symbol":"asterisk-open","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(77,175,74,1)"}},"hoveron":"points","name":"(YanHaas,power3)","legendgroup":"(YanHaas,power3)","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[0.80000000000000004,0.80000000000000004],"y":[-200,4200],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","dash":"dash"},"hoveron":"points","showlegend":false,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[0.01,0.01,0.20000000000000001,0.20000000000000001,0.01],"y":[2500,4000,4000,2500,2500],"text":"","type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"width":1.8897637795275593,"color":"transparent","dash":"solid"},"fill":"toself","fillcolor":"rgba(89,89,89,0.1)","hoveron":"fills","showlegend":false,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[0.10000000000000001],"y":[3800],"text":"Diferencia 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encuestas","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":17.534246575342465},"x":0,"xref":"paper"},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[-0.050000000000000003,1.05],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["0.0","0.2","0.4","0.6","0.8","1.0"],"tickvals":[0,0.20000000000000001,0.40000000000000002,0.59999999999999987,0.80000000000000004,1],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["0.0","0.2","0.4","0.6","0.8","1.0"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"tickangle":-0,"showline":true,"linecolor":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","linewidth":0.66417600664176002,"showgrid":false,"gridcolor":null,"gridwidth":0,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"y","title":{"text":"Poder (beta)","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[-200,4200],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["0","1000","2000","3000","4000"],"tickvals":[0,1000,2000,3000,4000],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["0","1000","2000","3000","4000"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","ticklen":3.6529680365296811,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176002,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498},"tickangle":-0,"showline":true,"linecolor":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","linewidth":0.66417600664176002,"showgrid":false,"gridcolor":null,"gridwidth":0,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":{"text":"Muestra de la encuesta*","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.611872146118724}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[],"showlegend":false,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.8897637795275593,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.68949771689498}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"681035f71a95":{"x":{},"y":{},"shape":{},"colour":{},"text":{},"type":"scatter"},"68106c8c56a4":{"xintercept":{}},"68101a142587":{"xmin":{},"xmax":{},"ymin":{},"ymax":{}},"68103117371a":{"x":{},"y":{}},"681053aa3820":{"x":{},"y":{}},"68104a7c499d":{"x":{},"y":{}}},"cur_data":"681035f71a95","visdat":{"681035f71a95":["function (y) ","x"],"68106c8c56a4":["function (y) ","x"],"68101a142587":["function (y) ","x"],"68103117371a":["function (y) ","x"],"681053aa3820":["function (y) ","x"],"68104a7c499d":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script><p>Poderes de las encuestas</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-note callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
<span class="screen-reader-only">Nota</span>Conclusion
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p><em>Las encuestas son muy pequeñas para detectar efectos pequeños en una carrera apretada. Pero son lo suficientemente grandes para detectar diferencias de más de 5% entre los candidatos.</em></p>
</div>
</div>
<hr></section><section id="referencias" class="level2 unnumbered"><h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="referencias">Referencias</h2>
<p><br> Ellis, P. D. (2010). <a href="https://books.google.fr/books/about/The_Essential_Guide_to_Effect_Sizes.html?id=5obZnfK5pbsC&amp;redir_esc=y">The essential guide to effect sizes: Statistical power, meta-analysis, and the interpretation of research results.</a> Cambridge University Press. <br><br> Gerber, A. S., &amp; Green, D. P. (2012). <a href="http://books.wwnorton.com/books/webad.aspx?id=24003">Field experiments: Design, analysis, and interpretation</a>. WW Norton. p.&nbsp;93 <br><br> EGAP, <a href="http://egap.org/methods-guides/10-things-you-need-know-about-statistical-power">“10 Things to Know About Statistical Power”</a> <br><br> Open Science Collaboration. (2015). <a href="https://osf.io/447b3/download?format=pdf">Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science</a>. Science, 349(6251), aac4716. <br><br><a href="http://www.gpower.hhu.de/fileadmin/redaktion/Fakultaeten/Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche_Fakultaet/Psychologie/AAP/gpower/GPowerManual.pdf">GPower 3.1 manual</a> <br><br> Sullivan, L. <a href="http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/bs/bs704_power/BS704_Power_print.html">Power and sample size determination</a></p>


</section><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section id="footnotes" class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Notas</h2>
<ol>
<li id="fn1"><p>También se conoce como <em>potencia estadística</em>]↩︎</p></li>
</ol></section><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-citation"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Cómo citar</h2><div><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">BibTeX</div><pre class="sourceCode code-with-copy quarto-appendix-bibtex"><code class="sourceCode bibtex">@online{recetas_electorales2018,
  author = {{Recetas Electorales}},
  title = {🥗 El poder de la ensalada},
  date = {2018-05-18},
  url = {https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-05-ensalada/2018-ensalada.html},
  langid = {es}
}
</code></pre><div class="quarto-appendix-secondary-label">Por favor, cita este trabajo como:</div><div id="ref-recetas_electorales2018" class="csl-entry quarto-appendix-citeas">
Recetas Electorales. 2018. <span>“🥗 El poder de la ensalada.”</span>
May 18. <a href="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-05-ensalada/2018-ensalada.html">https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-05-ensalada/2018-ensalada.html</a>.
</div></div></section></div> ]]></description>
  <category>encuestas</category>
  <category>poder</category>
  <category>muestra</category>
  <category>pwr</category>
  <category>encuestadoras</category>
  <guid>https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-05-ensalada/2018-ensalada.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Thu, 17 May 2018 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
  <media:content url="https://www.recetas-electorales.com/elecciones/2018-colombia/2018-05-05-ensalada/ensalada.png" medium="image" type="image/png" height="86" width="144"/>
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